Miklós Horthy - mutungamiri Hungary ari interwar nguva

Pashure peHondo Yenyika I, Hungary akarasikirwa 2/3 kwenharaunda yacho. Uyewo, nyika chakarasikirwa rinokosha hupfumi kwaniso uye kuwana kugungwa. Pakadaro, nyika zvakakodzera sezvo mhepo yaiva mutungamiri simba pamusoro anomanikidza urongwa. mutungamiriri akadaro, uye akava Miklós Horthy.

Makore uduku uye kuyaruka

The ramangwana regent akaberekwa June 18, 1868 mumhuri yakakura unosvikirwa Varidzi. Vabereki vakanga vakadzidza uye vakatenda kuti vana vavo vanofanirawo kuwana dzidzo yakanaka. Nechekare makore 8 Miklós Horthy anotanga zvidzidzo ake panguva College of kuDebrecen reformatory. Muna 1878, vabereki Miklós kushandura kupinda chikoro German (Sopron). Muna 1882, wakati agura kusarudzwa pane makwikwi vanhu 12 panzvimbo, Horthy anova mudzidzi of Naval Academy mune ino guta Croatian pakati Rijeka. Iye chikoro ichi muna 1886.

Miklós Horthy: Biography kukura

gamba redu kwatova pakarepo mushure Academy akatanga kuratidza unyanzvi zvinoshamisa nepagungwa mabhizimisi. Generals vehondo rweAustro-Hungary akaona matarenda ake. Muna 1894, hondo akaonekwa wokutanga chikepe kuti hwemvura traction. Kuona chishamiso ichi ruzivo paakatumwa Miklós. Makore matanhatu gare gare, akava mukuru guru warship. Zviri pachena kuti zvose zveminda chinzvimbo riri basa idzva uto chinzvimbo.

Kusvikira 1918, Miklós Horthy (mapikicha zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya) akarayira ngarava dzakawanda. Aiitawo hondo World War First. Mumwedzi mishoma iri hweAustria-Hungary, kana zvikepe akaedza kuponesa kubva dhirika Karl Habsburg nominated Miklós Horthy rengarava wavarwi.

Hungarian chaizvoizvo panopera World Vokutanga

Somugumisiro ari Versailles Treaty maitiro Hungary yaiva pakati kwakakanganisa States. Pfungwa, Kusakwana rugare zvibvumirano chainyatsooneka anenge pakarepo, asi avo kuitwa hunovimbisa kuguma ruvengo. Pahwaro Austria-Hungary akasikwa yenyika inoti akawanda. Somugumisiro, hazvizivi weboka ndima Hungary akarasikirwa 30% ravo dzemadzinza nyika. Tiri kutaura vagari vanenge mamiriyoni 3,3.

Chibvumirano Versailles Chokwadi akanyadzisa Hungarians sorudzi. Sezvo Hungary akaita rinenge chetezvo sezvinoitwa Germany. Chinangwa Miklós Horthy mu pambiru regent kwaiva kudzorera nyika ukuru uye simba Hungary muEurope.

Domestic negwaro hortistkogo muoti

Mune interwar nguva muHungary akaita rakasiyana kudzora hurongwa. Pamutemo, hurumende yakaramba iri umambo. Chaizvoizvo, pashure sapakuparadzwa of Habsburg madzimambo muna 1919 haana, sezvo Entente akamanikidza Charles IV kuti murege. Kuwedzera November 1, 1921 hurumende Hungarian chirevo pamusoro caffeine pakati ari Habsburg dzinza monarsheskogo choushe.

Makore post-hondo 1950-1980 historiography kuri pavaipfuura Board of Miklós Horthy muHungary somunhu udzvinyiriri kwechiFascist. Ndinoda vasingabvumirani nazvo, nekuti:

- rehurumende kutoitwa reparamende bicameral, uyo akaita basa rinokosha mune sarudzo panguva chepamusoro chechetere;

- rakanga ramiswa multi-nebato hurongwa ;

- in nesarudzo, bato aigona kuitawo nzira dzose;

- nayo yakanga yatangwa basa chaiye mapato anopikisa ari paramende ive chinhu hweruzhinji.

Nemashoko zvoupfumi, mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende yakanga iri huru. The mudzvanyiriri (sezvazvakanyorwa rakatumidzwa kare Soviet) vasiri chaizvo ainyatsoziva upfumi, saka kutaura chero chakakomba zvinhu munzvimbo iyi hakusi zvakakodzera. No shanduko zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti mamiriro ezvinhu mugore 1932 vanopfuura zviuru 800 Hungarians vaiva nebasa. Zvichienzaniswa 1920, mamiriro ezvinhu akavandudzika zvirokwazvo, asi kwete zvakanyanya.

Zvikuru pamusoro muHungary upfumi yakarohwawo yose zvoupfumi kuti 1929- 1933 makore. Muna 1930, kwaiva kuwa muna Budapest Stock Exchange. The kare pasi kukura kwoupfumi wacho ambomiswa. All post-hondo gumi, mari vashandi vari mafekitari akaramba yakaderera.

Foreign negwaro utongi

Hatina vakati kare kuti Miklós Horthy - mudzvinyiriri iri kumiririrwa pambiru-hondo venhoroondo Soviet. Chokwadi kuti hwaro vatorwa wokuti nehurumende yaiva kudzoka kwenharaunda kwemadzinza. Mukana kuchinja Versailles mugadziriro Horthy kuonekwa chete kuburikidza rapprochement neGermany somunhu akuvara pakupera webato hondo, uye vamwe pechiFascist nyika - Italy. Panyaya iyi, muHungary regent ndisingadi kuwira pasi pokudzora chipi ehurumende, uye akatsvaka pave mubatanidzwa zvakaenzana.

Muna 1927, chibvumirano Kakanga kakasainwa kuti "On ushamwari kusingaperi" pamwe Italy. Nedzenyu ukama dzakatangwa pakati States. The rapprochement pamwe Germany yakatanga pashure 1933. kwomubatanidzwa uyu aifarira uye Adolf Hitler, uyo akabvunza kufadza nhamba vatsigiri muEurope. Pakati tichivenga vatungamiriri misangano inoverengeka umo vatungamiriri vakonana nezvetsika uye vasvike rwakafanana dhinomineta.

In yechipiri yezana 1930s Miklosh Horti (pfupi Biography akapa pamusoro) anoita rinokosha dzomunyika kushanyirwa. Tiri kutaura Horthy kushanyirwa kuPoland, Italy neAustria. Uyezve, kwaiva kukurukurirana vanoshingaira vanenge vachiuya vatsigiri Yugoslavia.

Miganhu pfuma nokunonoka 1930s

1938 uye 1939 makore vaiva nguva pre-hondo miganhu redistribution. Acquisitions Hungary vakanga pamutemo anonzi Vienna kuyananisa. The State Horthy vakatamira munyika Southern Slovakia uye chinonyanya yokumadokero chikamu vemazuva Ukraine (Transcarpathia kubva huru muguta Uzhgorod). The zvachose Vagari richangobva yakatora mundima yaiva vanhu mamiriyoni 1 kusvika. Sezvo zviri pachena kubva izvi, munyika yose Horthy basa rake harina akaita muna 1938 iye, saka, vakaramba pamwe Hitler.