Church marquee muRussia: Mienzaniso

High, zvinoonekwa kure hipped temberi vaiva kupfuura yakakodzera chimiro kuti kuvakwa kuRussia. Zvivako zhinji achiripo nanhasi uye vachiri katyamadza vashanyi nokunaka kwaro. Kunyange nzvimbo menyika haana nezvaanoita mutende mutana uye netemberi havana kusikwa kuti kuungana makuru. Nemitanhatu uye nemanomwe remakore vaiva zvibereko kupfuura kuti chidzoke kunonakidza sezvivako. Somuenzaniso, Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral (Cathedral of Intercession riri parusvingo) muMoscow musi Red Square, yakavakwa muna 1552 uye kwakaratidza pakuonekwa kwake kubatwa pakati Kazan. Other tende chechi Russia hakugoni kukwikwidzana navo runako uye mukurumbira.

akitekicha

At chinoumba vose dzakavakwa pamusoro chete. Rakadzikama pedengu, wakange amire ari Zimbabwe Educational duku - rutsigiro nokuda octagonal tende, vanoda kudenga. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe nomumwe mapurani akaunza kuvaka chinhu chakasiyana, wadii mbiri dzakafanana mutemberi. Kungwaririra dzakaratidzwa kazhinji zvakasiyana-siyana Misiyano zvikamu zviri kushongedzwa.

Feature kuti anoramba zvose hipped temberi - pasina mbiru, kureva yose mamiriro hunogara pamadziro, saka mhami Matende vari kutonetsa. Saka, nechikonzero ichi, hazvina rakakundikana zvakare wakafara ibwe tende Cathedral New Jerusalem wemamonk. Zvino chikatsiviwa chiedza danda uye sheathed namatare, uye temberi pamire, vanofara vanhu kumativi.

Chipingaidzo?

Makore anopfuura zana hipped netemberi vakapararira chaizvo munyika. Asi akauya ari kuchinja kereke yose Patriarch Nikon muna 1653, pashure wokugadzira yakanga yakaita kunorambidzwa. Church marquee muRussia vakaguma ivakwe. Zvichida chinhu zvachose Kurambidzwa kuvakwa haana. Asi chokwadi haisi chakavakwa mushure kuchinja Nikon ibwe dzechechi marquee. Kuchamhembe, vakaramba matende pamusoro emapuranga makereke diki uye shongwe bhero akadai kupera yakaramba yakakurumbira kusati kwatombova classicism.

Zvinosuruvarisa vashoma chaizvo mienzaniso asara emapuranga mapurani, matende machechi yematanda Kuwedzera kupfeka uye kubvarura uye post-echimurenga Kuramba ndavhiyiwa nematambudziko akawanda uye akapotsa anyangarika. Zvisinei, akadzivirira zviwi munyika umo antiikki chitoro. Pandakadzoka kune vakawanda Russian manyorerwo (akatendeuka akabuda Zvisinei, zvainzi), hudyu mavakirwo sezvo zvakanga vainzi mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore. Zvisinei, zvivako izvi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva zvavo vamutangira. Tende machechi rechi17 zvakazoonekwa kuti hazviiti kuti kutevedzera, uye kunyanya pakutanga, izvo akazviratidza pakutanga kwezana rechigumi nemashanu uye navatanhatu emakore.

tsika

The pakuonekwa hipped pommel anongofunga nokuti kuti machechi Russian dzakavakwa sezvo zvivako aiwanzogara zvimwe zviitiko. Tende makereke remakore rechi16 vakawanda zvakaparadzana kumusoro. Russian chechi akitekicha kuikurukura kubva hwakavigwa mumakamuri kuchinja. Pfungwa kuti tsika ibwe mavakirwo pamwe kwokutanga - huni - dzinoramba unproven uye kwete chaizvo zvawataura. Izvi zvinogona vaziva ongororo zvivako yokutanga - Church of Ascension muna Kolomenskoye (1532 Vasily III) uye chechi nokufungidzira of Vologda Posada (1493). Ndicho mienzaniso anonyatsodedemura pakati mabasa dombo tende makereke.

Dzinonakidza muenzaniso uye Chechi Intercession muna Medvedkovo apo iziviswe zvakajeka mapurani werudzii aine tende panzvimbo nzvimbo. temberi iyi zvikuru zvakafanana zhinji-vakananga St. Basil raMwari Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo uye akakodzera tsanangudzo chaiwo. Ndizvo chaizvo yo akakurumbira Russian hipped temberi: Intercession (yaimbonzi Trinity) Church of Alexander kugarwa (1510), Chechi Uglich "Marvellous" (1628), Moscow muna Putinki Dzokuberekwa chechi Mhandara.

Medvedkovo

Temberi iyi yakavakwa pamatunhu Uriri (ikoko Znamenskaya yechando chechi), izvo zvinoramba yose Vhoriyamu quadrangle, kumakona ayo akapedza domes duku. Pamusoro quadrangle munhu kumbonyanya yakaderera chiedza Zimbabwe Educational sehwaro munhu wakananga ibwe tende. Kukura ari quadrangular uye octagonal squat, yakasimba uye tende kuvakwa akapa kuwirirana chaiyo uye akapotsa kubhururuka, nekuti kureba tende anenge kupfuura yose yepazasi chikamu chetemberi. Bhesimendi, takakombwa namaberere uye ane mbiri dzakaenzana-chapero - Nine Martyrs uye Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Zviya, kokutanga muupenyu Russia imwe misoro quadrangular hipped denga rakapiwa pano. Paaritari chivakwa, zvikamu ane chitsauko chaiyo, ayo mashoma multi-sezvamunoita nokuda yose kumabvazuva apse chechi ezasi. Kokoshniki, akaisa mumisara mhiri pamusoro pamasvingo quadrangle, uye inobva tende uye pamusoro yokupedzisira chitsauko zvinosimbisa pyramidal kuvakwa chivako, ayo mutambo, chido kudenga uye vachikwidziridza mweya runako. A temberi kubva kumavirira akaita mubhedha inotsigira Empire werudzii bhero shongwe, kuvakwazve muna 1840s.

nyaya

Troubles kuuya nguva kwakaratidzwa mhando dzose dzinongoitika dzoga, kupindira nokuda Poles uye yeSweden, saka hurumende, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi mamiriro ehurumende yakanga yakaomesesa. Tende chechi muMoscow, uye nyika yose kuvaka rakapotsa kurega. Stone chivakwa, sezvo vakadaro, kurega zvachose. makore makumi maviri nemashanu chete, Russia vasvika yakakwana pamwero nokuda resumption amabwe mapurani. Zvikurukuru, pashure temberi 1620 akadzokorora mhando yaivapo zvivako.

Uye zvikuru nokukurumidza kunoteverwa kuchinja zvinhu Patriarch Nikon, kana tende makereke vasisiri "kafanira paukuru." Nikon aida rising zvitsauko zvitatu kana shanu. Muna 1655, munyika Vishnyaky pakuvaka temberi iri murayiro Patriarch of makamuri maviri apera asina twi uye kumativi misoro, kunyange zvazvo chirongwa nechokuita wokutanga.

Stolpoobraznoe somunhu nhungamiri

Pano, pakutanga kwezvose ndakazviita kukundikana panguva kereke kuchinja yose yakare uye zvinodiwa vose Byzantine tateguru, kusanganisira muchinjikwa-rising magadzirirwo. Nepo chechi marquee kuRussia zvikuru nowenyika Western Gothic: emuchina, kuedza zvichikwira, shongwe mapurani mbiru-machechi.

Somuenzaniso, Chechi Ioanna Predtechi mumusha Djakovo (Moscow) uye Chechi Chitarisiko mumusha Ostrov (Moscow nharaunda). Vose dzakavakwa yechipiri yezana nemitanhatu remakore, uye pashure shongwe-mhando zvivako zviviri tende. Uyewo anogona kushumira muenzaniso uye imwe chechi yakakurumbira, bhero shongwe "Ivan Veliky", yakavakwa kuremekedza Ioanna Lestvichnika muna Kremlin muna 1505.

mienzaniso

Rinoshanda Podkolokolny pamwe weDanho belfry, akamisira chete pamusoro petemberi, akaronga tende temberi asingaiti kuenzana. Yakanga iri nzira dzinoverengeka akasiyana mapurani zvinogadzirisa, rusununguko rukuru kune mapurani, uye achiri anowana inenge nguva tetepa stolpoobraznye mutemberi.

Somuenzaniso, temberi Mutsvene anoburukira (1476, Trinity-Segiyo Lavra), Kolomna St. George Bell Tower (yaimbonzi - temberi Arhangela Gavriila, makore 1530), Chechi St. Simeon-Stylites (Danilovsky wemamonk, Moscow, muna 1732, yakavakwa pamusoro Gate Mutsvene), vaviri uyewo wetembere iri Donskoy wemamongi, chechi St. Segiyo pakati Radonezh (Novospassky wemamongi bhero shongwe), kereke Feodora Stratilata Holy Warrior (Menshikov shongwe, Moscow, regumi namapfumbamwe remakore) uye vamwe.

zviratidzo

Stone Hip akitekicha zvakafanana mune chimiro huni, ichi manyorerwo kwakapararira kubvira makarekare nhasi. It akazviratidza, maererano yaMakoronike, zvakajeka pamusoro mimwe pehuni. Zvisinei, kana kuti STRUCTURAL nezvikonzero rising tende chikatsiviwa pakuvaka temberi zvakaitwa namatanda, kuvakwa ibwe hazvigoni chokuita magadzirirwo. Asi, zvakanga chido kubudisa imwe mufananidzo - conviviality, muchirwa zvichikwira. Kwete chete mudunhu asiwo guru, elongated silhouettes temberi emapuranga vaiva zvikuru nomufambi uye nguva dzose vakaitawo kutungamirira basa.

Muna Hip mapurani chinopa zvakadzamisisa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro mutoro: ndiro nzira kuti Humambo hweKudenga, uye kubatana zviri mativi (the akasika nyika) pamwe denderedzwa (chiratidzo dzisingaperi). Pedengu - yaiungana, inomiririra nyika, Zimbabwe Educational - zvose nzvimbo nzvimbo kumativi enyika, pamwe masere rwakavakwa nyeredzi sechiratidzo Mhandara uye pazuva rorusere - matsvene nhamba remakore ramangwana. Tende temberi yokupedzisira - a cône mufananidzo manera tateguru Jakobho, nzira kuna Mwari.

Kolomenskoye uye Alexander Sloboda

Trinity Church of Alexander kugarwa (zvino - Intercession) - nomuzinda Prince Vasily III temberi. Hama kuti musi kuvakwa kwenguva yakareba paiva nokusawirirana, asi kuongorora kuchangobva kuitwa Mikoko kuti 1510. Vasati ichi, wokutanga chaizvo tende chechi kwainzi nokukwira kudenga muna Kolomenskoye (1532), rinova akavaka muchinda mukuru chete.

zvirokwazvo ndiro Nyanzvi mukuru, asi yakanga isiri yokutanga. Zvavovo Vose dzakavakwa vamambo manors sei zvishoma courtiers. Uye Ascension akava shongwe vachikudza yokuberekwa mugari wenhaka - mukuru Ivana Groznogo. Musiki zvinoshamisa Ensemble muna Alexander kugarwa ichaongororwa murongedzeri kweItaly - New Aleviz, munyori nokufungidzira Church, zvakare, ndiko kwasara Italian - Petroc Minor.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Sezvo iri rakakura vashanyire kukwezvwa kwete chete muMoscow, asi nyika yose, tende iyi machechi vanofanira kuudza zvakawanda sezvinobvira. Kazan Khanate vakakundwa, uye akasikwa rokukudza shongwe ichi, kusvikira nhasi chiratidzo Russia, uye ane risingaenzaniswi Monument kuti mapurani. Church of Intercession pamusoro parusvingo rakavakwa makore matanhatu (kubva 1555) uye adzora kugomo, kunyange kwete yakanaka yepanyika. Kare, zvakanga dzichengeterwe Utatu Church uye kuzvidzivirira nomugero achitevedza Kremlin, yaiva yakazara chete muna 1813. Munzvimbo yayo zvino necropolis uye mausoleum.

Ndiani aiva Vasiliy Blazhenny, akavigwa pedyo Utatu Church pamusoro Red Square? Moscow ichi whacky, takaberekwa tine chipo clairvoyance, uyo yakafanotaura njodzi zhinji, kusanganisira moto huru muna 1547, apo akapisa zvinenge yose Moscow. Pachake Ivan Grozny vairemekedza uye akanyatsorevesa akatya Vasiliya Blazhennogo, ndokusaka vakamuviga pamwe chinokudza uye tsvuku gwapa. Uyezve, imwe nhamba nokukurumidza akaisa temberi, iyo gare gare zvaiendeswa simba clairvoyant benzi, nekuti guva rake pakarepo pashure pemariro vakatanga zvishamiso - vanhu vanoporeswa, ona, vanokamhina vachifamba, uye mira mitezo.

Pakati akunde sere

Kazan vakatanga mushandirapamwe, izvo yakaguma muna kukunda kekutanga, yemanyorero Russian munharaunda iyi vakatambura kukundwa pashure kukundwa. Ivan ari Anotyisa akaita mhiko - kana Kazan achawa, pfekai Red Square itemberi huru pakuyeuka kukunda. Uye akazadzisa chipikirwa zvakakwana.

Hondo refu, uye pashure kukunda nerimwe maoko Russian pedyo Utatu Church yakavakwa chechi duku kukudzwa musande wakasvikirwa nezuva rakaenderana wayo madiro. Vadzoka kukunda pamusoro Ivan Grozny, machechi panzvimbo sere itsva emapuranga akasarudza kuisa dombo guru - kupfuura yakakurumbira kuti kwemazana emakore akawanda.

Legends

vavaki temberi Beautiful watambira zvakadaro zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana nyaya kuti aunze zvinhu zvose pano kunongova zvisingaiti. Setsika, mambo Ivan vanotyisa vakaripira vatenzi vaviri Barma uye Postnik Yakovlev. Kutaura chokwadi yaiva mumwe munhu - Ivan Yakovlevich Barma nezita, asi zita remadunhurirwa yacho nokukurumidza. Pane ngano kuti pashure kuvakwa wamambo ezvivako akapofumadzwa kuti havana uye hapana chinhu vakanaka tembere iyi haasimbiswi. mabasa zvingani unyanzvi ngano iyi zvakanyorwa! Zvisinei, hazvisi.

Kune magwaro, uye zvikuru vazhinji, mushure Cathedral of Intercession nokukurumidza vakavaka Kazan Kremlin. Zvakare unogona kuva rakanaka, zvichida, asi kumwe. Zvechokwadi, kwete akadai St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo ndiro nemamwe, asiwo basa guru mapurani. Uyezve, vaiva muruoko nokukurumidza kuvaka Annunciation Cathedral (Moscow Kremlin), kubvuma Cathedral, St. Nicholas Church (Sviyazhsk - zvose), kunyange Chechi St. John mubhabhatidzi muna Dyakovo. Zvavovo zvose izvi zvakasikwa zvikuru gare gare.