Chombo hurongwa, "Satani." "Satani" - renyukireya chombo munyika simba kupfuura

Our zvombo hurongwa sevanonyanya mazita husingaoneki uye kwazvakarerekera, izvo zvakaitika haasaruri idonhe shoma kutaura njere vakuru wokumwe utikitivha. Somuenzaniso, ndiye "Poplar" kana "Ash". Miti sezvo miti. Uye kana asiri, "Pinocchio" Vamwe nakisisa. Asi pane chombo kuti kuMadokero, uye isu ndakadana kwakavanzika: "Satani" - chombo hurongwa parudzi rwechitatu, iye 15P018, aka P-36, anozivikanwawo sokuti SS-18, aizivikanwawo RS-20b, hunonziwo " voivod ". vazhinji kwakadaro mazita nokuda kwechikonzero. Soviet Kushandisa Codes pakati NATO nyanzvi kunge vatora dzinozivikanwa, vakwire avo pachavo pakunzi neimwe mharidzo yedu michina, asiwo kazhinji zvikuru isingakuvadzi. Saka chii ndivo kutya 15P018 uye chii vokuAmerica dutu ichi - zvinoita zvokukandwa "Satani"?

Maoko rudzi semudziyo yaiparadza

Kuunza kunzwisisa ballistic zvombo - inodhura, mukuru rwokugadzira uye yemazuva ano akaoma. Kumanikidza Soviet Union kuitawo maoko nhangemutange vagara chinangwa US dzekushumira kubva dzakasiyana, kubva Truman kuna Reagan. Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, America chagara mupfumi kupfuura Soviet Union, uye akapfeka pasi ake yakakurisa mari pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa kukunda muna Cold War. Kusvika pamwero guru nhasi, mutemo uyu unoshanda kune Russia itsva.

Mhinduro yedu vokuAmerica

By anenge 1965 simba American intercontinental zvombo yawedzera zvinoshamisa, uyewo mamwe zvekushandisa parameters, kusanganisira raparadza kururama. Izvi yakabvunzwa kukanganisa launchers Soviet, vakawanda vakanga ipapo wakaiswa uye akaiswa mumigodhi vari kusimbiswa dzine operative boka musimboti. Saka, imwe ICBM American Kana rakabudirira raparadza anogona kufukidza wandei Soviet, asati nguva kutanga. Kudiwa kubvuma kutyisidzira. Output Paiva vaviri parara launchers, nokuomesa miseve, kana kuvaita Mobile, apo kuramba yakakwirira simba, uye naizvozvo kurema uye miganhu. Asi zera satellites Zvakaoma kuviga kwebasa Mobile kanda zvivako. Matambudziko zvinoda zvingaitwa. Zvakaguma P-36 "Satani" - renyukireya chombo munyika simba kupfuura.

Utkin mukuru

Academician Vladimir Fedorovich Utkin munguva upenyu yakakurumbira munhu akanga asina. Asi ake shamwari, vatinoshanda navo uye vaimbova mutevedzeri, tichicherechedza October 17 rokuberekwa webasa rake, hapana mubvunzo kumutumidza shasha. Uye pane chikonzero kuti. Achitungamirirwa musayendisiti ichi akasikwa chombo hurongwa, "Satani," kana kuti, 15P018 (zvoutsinye remadunhu- brainchild academician akapa vokuAmerica). Zvakatanga pamwe vakawanda pfungwa, zvino rakakamurwa munhu zvekushandisa matambudziko, zvose izvo vakanga vakabudirira kugadziriswa.

Chombo hurongwa "Satani" - gadziriro iri chaizvo kunzwisisa, ayo mumwe chikwata anofanira kushanda tichienderana, uye chero kukundikana kungaita kuti irreparable nemigumisiro. Mukuwedzera, chombo ngozi aifanira kutanga kubva mira miseve uye anokosha njanji platforms, yakazonyorwa sezvo zvavo motokari.

Sei nokuparura unorema chitundumuseremusere kubva zvangu

The chombo muviri chakagadzirwa aruminiyamu uye magnesium - munhu zvakanaka nyoro simbi. rusvingo ukobvu - 3 neMM, zvimwe ari goko achava kumuremera. Weight zvombo - matani anopfuura 210, uye chinofanira vanomhanya kubva pakadzika mugodhi. Zviri nyore kufungidzira zvaizoitika kana nyaya yakadaro zvakaoma uye kusimba anotanga kugeza pamwe magasi dzvuku inopisa kupukunyuka mokugezera. Inside - matani 195 peturu, kwete chete mafuta uye putika. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Musoro zvombo zvenyukireya zviri musimba mana Hiroshima.

Heunoi unyanzvi dambudziko. Uye ayo mainjiniya eSoviet vakasarudza. Rocket zvakanaka uye zvinyoronyoro kutorwa kuti pemvura vatatu zvakananga propellant nokuchengeta, yainzi kumanikidza accumulators mutsai kubudikidza makumi metres, uye chete pashure kuti atange pretreated ( "kurova") injini kutanga danho.

Izvi mhinduro akabvumirawo kuti yekudyidzana kuwedzera revarwi nharaunda ino. On kwokutanga KUKUNDA giravhiti ukapisa yakawanda huni, muchiitiko ichi, ayo okuponesa inenge 9 matani.

Uyu unongova muenzaniso mumwe nyasha zvinogadzirisa mufananidzo shasha guru Utkin. Vakawanda vavo vangadai vaenda bhuku rose kutsanangura dzimwe. Zvichida multivolume.

Anotyisa renyukireya chitima

Ndosaka Soviet Union yainzi guru njanji simba. Kure chakaita kuvaka njanji mutsetse nenguva isina kumboitika pandaida kunyange Tsarist Russia, mumakore Soviet okuita sezvo mitsetse itsva, kufukidza nharaunda yose nyika migwagwa yedu Network. Masikati nousiku vari nziyo, iro munhu anogona kumbobvira kusiyanisa pakati avo pasi pamatenga motokari iyo vanovanda megasmerti zhinji. Mobile ezvinhu, "Satani" yaigona tichifunga njanji pakakwirira, yakazonyorwa sebhanditiwo chitima, izvo kusiyanisa kubva zvavaisiita haagoni zvikuru yemhando shora Satellite. Chokwadi, launcher uremu matani 130 havabvumirwi kushandisa nyore rinopfungaira kudanda, saka kuti kuwedzera kune hwokugadzira matambudziko zvaifanira kugadziriswa uye zvokufambisa, uye muna Union akamboona. Wooden sleepers kongiri vakachinja, unhu uye mukurumari jira vakauya chikuru vanochiva nekuti chero tsaona aigona kukurumidza kurichinja kuva dambudziko. Rocket launcher "Satani" ane kureba 23 metres, chete pasi kukura mufiriji motokari, asi fairing aifanira kuva inokosha - munhu Kumbofungatira mamiriro. Paiva nezvimwe zvinetso, asi mugumisiro wakarurama mari. Kutsiva raigona kushandiswa imwe nezvimwewo pfungwa, uye pano akavimbiswa uye hakudzivisiki.

chitundumuseremusere

Zvinoreva wakurukura mugove musoro, izvo akaronga mutariri renyukireya, rinomiririra maviri-Danho intercontinental chombo kure nharaunda rine nzvimbo mativi makiromita 300. Iye anokwanisa kukunda miganhu mukuru-kuita uye ramangwana chombo kuzvidavirira mugadziriro, uye akarova zvinangwa gumi yakasiyana kuparadzanisa zvinoumba yose vachikwanisa tichitarisa megatons vasere TNT. Neutralize zvainoita pashure kumhanya kutonetsa, nokuti iro iye akagamuchira sezvo zvakajeka zita - "Satani". Chombo gadziriro vakapakata zviuru zvinhu, simulating zvenyukireya warheads. Gumi vavo vane uremu pedyo mhosva chaiko uye navamwe anoitwa ane metallized mapurasitiki uye kutora chimiro warheads, kuzvimba ari stratospheric vacuüm it. Kana chombo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa havagoni kukurira zvinangwa zvakawanda kudaro.

Electronic pfungwa

Development kutarisirwa maitiro akanga avimbiswa wegurukota General Mugadziri Vladimir Sergeev. Zvinonzi yakavakirwa pamusoro inertial musimboti, rine migero matatu uye Tiered mazhoritirovanie. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hurongwa achaongorora achizvishatisa kubudisa kuzvipira bvunzo. Kana mismatch zvabuda utariri achipfeka gwara, yakabudirira vakapfuura bvunzo. waya inowanikwa uye anonzi zvakakwana yakavimbika tikurukure kutadza haana kunyorwa kunyange kamwe ose nguva, panguva iyo chombo hurongwa R-36M "Satani" ari mubasa.

bundu vokuAmerica

Chirongwa, raparurwa iri US uye anozivikanwa seMagwaro Strategic Defence Initiative, nechinangwa kusika munhu "amburera" munyika yose kuti vaizokwanisa kudzivirira nyika "vakasununguka nyika", uye kunyanya United States, migumisiro tide kutsiva yenyukireya akarova iri zvinoitirwawo kusawirirana kwenyika. Strategic chombo hurongwa 15P018 ( "Satani") vari vakabvisa zvachose nezvahunonyatsoreva asingashumbi ichi. No Anti-chombo kudzivirira, kunyange zvinodhura nzvimbo anotsanangura okunze, aizotadzawo pave yakachengeteka kukundwa zvinhu pamusoro munharaunda USSR American "Pershing". Mubvunzo kuti izvi zvakakonzera mwoyo pakati pevagari White House uye Capitol. Nokupfura zvombo, zvivako izvi, utungamiriri Soviet akanga asina kukurumidza, muchitenda kuti anopa nhovo yakavimbika yenyukireya. Asi nyaya akaiswa inofamba pashure nokutora pamusoro "ano" uye kutanga perestroika.

How vanonetseka "Satani"

Sekondi chitundumuseremusere launcher "Satani" yakaparadzwa pasi chibvumirano START-1 chibvumirano, yakasainwa nokuda General Secretary of CPSU M. S. Gorbachevym. Mushure pokuwa USSR nyaya mberi President Russian B. N. Eltsin. In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa ndechokuti decommissioning kwaizotevera Kuraswa vakawanda warhead zvombo dzakaitwa kwete chete nokuda kwokudzvinyirira kubva American divi kana National kumutengesa (sezvo vakakurudzira kuzvidya vakakwidziridzwa nyika vagari vemo). Zvikonzero dzaiva kure zvikuru prosaic uye vakanga ezvoupfumi zvakasikwa. Munyika bhajeti haana kuramba zvakadaro mukuru azvipire muchiuto zvekushandisa, izvo zvinosanganisira zvekushandisa pamusoro kuvariritira uye dzinotaurwa makwara. Uye pasina navo zvinogona kuitika mumwe paChernobyl, kure kupfuura chaityisa chete. Chombo hurongwa "Satani" aiva nedambudziko mukuru mhirizhonga kuti akaperekedza disintegration Soviet Union.

The Rugare

Kamwe pamusoro munharaunda kamwe haufi USSR chero muduku mamiriro, pakarepo ndakaona kuti zvose kugadzirwa, kutsvakurudza uye experimental masimba akasikwa zvakaoma zviri chaizvo kuUkraine. Pakuzadzisa uye kugadzira simba kuzvidzivirira hurongwa kwava zvisingabviri, kunyanya pfupi.

Decommissioning zvombo ngozi vomuAmerica kusingarevi kurambidza kushandiswa kwayo zvimwe pane varidzi zvinangwa aikurumidza kushandisa ichangoburwa makopi. Sezvakaita pamwe yakakurumbira "East", motokari mudzoke yakanga, raishandiswa nezvekutanga ezvokutengeserana uye kwesayenzi zvinhu, kusanganisira vokune dzimwe nyika ndivo. Zvokuita? Kana nyika inoda mari, kosi uchaenda "Satani." Intercontinental ballistic chombo munguva kubvira 1999 kusvika 2010 pamusoro "Dnepr" chirongwa vakauya mana dhazeni satellites kupinda muchadenga. The kanda kwakaitika 14, imwe yaiva kubudirira.

"Voivod"

Mukupera eighties, R-36M chombo mazuvaano raitwa kuti vawedzere kurwisa wayo migumisiro usisashandi zvichibvira yenyukireya uye kuvandudza mabasa tichitarisa zvakarurama. Uyewo, zvaida shanduro tichifunga idzva zviri azvino US chombo kudzivirira enyika. CB "South" (Dnepropetrovsk) yakabudirira kukurira basa, mugumisiro basa raiva chigadzirwa 15A18M rinonzi "Voivode". In vaigadzirira mashoko ari START-1, kwakanyorwa chinomiririrwa romutemo "RS-20b", asi chaizvoizvo zvakanga zvakafanana chombo hurongwa, "Satani", asi modernized.

The Kuchinja international ezvinhu, chinoratidzwa mukutsvaga NATO utungamiri, uye zvikurukuru muUnited States, kanya yenyu chawo sezvo pedyo sezvinobvira kumiganhu Russia, chakaita kuti adzokorore mashoko ari START-2, iyo asina vakapfuura ratification, ari chikamu chokuita muwande yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs. 15A18M zvombo (mauto monoblocks), vakamira pabasa panguva, kuchatsiviwa "Sarmat" zvivako Russian itsva, vaikwanisa akatakura vakawanda warheads. Asi ivo nyaya yakasiyana ...