Chikoro umambo: nyika mienzaniso

umambo zvesangano - iri chimiro yevagari hurumende umo pamutemo rinodzorwa zvakananga kutungamirirwa naMwari, kududzirwa kwaMwari, sezvakanyorwa mumagwaro vechitendero, maererano nedzidziso nechimwe chitendero.

In tsika, vafundisi sezvo abvumirwa vamiririri asingaoneki uMwari, chaiye kana vaifungidzira, inoti uye anotsanangura mitemo mamiriro itsika. In nedzidziso Mupfungwa, zvinoreva kuti mutongi, uyo anofunga amene mutumwa akabva kuna Mwari, uye zvose mitemo ivo vanobviswa pasi kutungamirirwa naMwari. Musoro hurumende hwoumwari ndiye musoro tsika dzechitendero. Saka, yevagari mitemo uye mashandiro tiri chikamu chitendero, zvichiratidza kuti Absorção de Água kereke wehurumende.

Mumwe wokutanga rokuti "Kunoitwa" rakashandiswa Iosif Flavy, uyo, sokuti, akaedza kutsanangura shoko rechiGiriki "rokuti Theos" (Mwari) uye "krateo" (kudzora) nezveVemamwe Marudzi sangano vechiJudha Union. Kunyange muna ichi Iosif Flavy, uchizvienzanisa vezvimwe hurumende (umambo, oligarchy, zvokuvhoterwa), unopinda refu uye avhiringidzika nhaurirano panyaya, haana kutsanangura zvinoreva "zvesangano umambo."

nyika muenzaniso iyo iri ano nguva inogona kunzi yakafanana muchimiro mamiriro ezvinhu, vanosanganisira Saudi Arabia, Iran uye Vatican.

In zhinji inoti, kuchine vamwe chitendero pamutemo, mitemo veHurumende inogona kuchinjwa zvouMwari kana tsika pfungwa, asi izvi mamiriro havana kufukidzwa mashoko Kunoitwa. Pamwe chete nechitendero chenyika kana kugovera zvimwe yevagari kodzero dzenharaunda vezvitendero rokunyika mamiriro.

KuMiddle Ages, monarchies vakawanda kanenge pamwe zvesangano. Sarudzo dzevatongi munyika Catholic kazhinji akabvunza uye akarambwa, kana vanapapa haana kubvumirana navo. Vatungamiriri vechitendero akarayira vabati panyaya chitendero kwete chete, asiwo mamiriro. Zvinhu zvakatanga kuchinja apo, mune mamwe nyika kuti vawane simba, Protestantism uye nezvimwe zvitendero zvisiri Catholic.

Mhedziso zvesangano umambo zvokuwedzera mhando - chimiro Vatican hurumende. At musoro wehurumende Mutsvene See (Papa uye Dare Rinodzora - The Roman Curia). The Pope ndiye Changamire Holy See, maererano nenzvimbo yake anoratidza zvemitemo, Executive uye nezvakatongwa simba rehurumende iri Vatican, uye waifarirwa Roman Catholic Church. Kufungisisa multidimensional hunhu nesimba papa, dzichengete mukati Mapato nounyanzvi hurumende administrative yakarongeka akasikwa, rinozivikanwa yeRoma Curia, vane nhengo vanogadzwa napapa chiremera.

The Pope mutsva, pashure yapfuura rufu, conclave kusarudzwa, raiumbwa chete vafundisi.

In rinoti apo chitendero wehurumende ari Islam, chidimbu Shariah, zvesangano umambo ndiye chete chehurumende kwemazana emakore. Kubva panguva apo muprofita Muhammad akasimbisa Arab-vaMuslim (feudal) mamiriro muna Medina muzana remakore rechinomwe kusvika mangwanani ramakumi remakore, pashure pokuwa rokupedzisira caliphate kuTurkey. Caliph (mutsivi) waiva musoro wehurumende, maererano yokudzora Shariah (mutemo rechiIslam), inobva Koran uye Sunnah. Kunyange caliphs vasina mirayiridzo zvakananga kubva Allah, ivo soRwizi Muporofita, vaisungirwa kupembedza mitemo yavo rakapa maererano yakatarwa iyi mirayiro yaMwari uye inorambidza, achiratidza kuti Allah - pakupedzisira simba.

Zvikuru nomukurumbira munhoroondo hwoumwari umambo muna kwechiIslam world- reArab Caliphate Umayyad imba pamusoro caliphs pa kana "caliphs vakarurama" (mana caliphs okutanga pashure muprofita Muhammad).

Munguva dzazvino zvematongerwo enyika vechiIslam Republic of Iran inonzi Kunoitwa chaiye, zvisinei, saka akataura muna deginamajai rekushandisa.

Apo mutungamiri Iran akava Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, kubva muna 1979 kusvika 1989, zvechitendero uye zvematongerwo enyika pakuenzanisa mauto akanga zvinoshamisa wakashandurwa: Shia Islam akava vasingasiyani chikamu enyika nemamiriro mamiriro. Kwakadaro kwaiva chinangwa 1979 Iranian Revolution akataura - kupidigura pokutonga Shah uye kudzorera Islamic dzematongerwe ari Iranian muvanhu.

Shia Islam ndiye chitendero kushandiswa Iran. Maererano 1979 Constitution (sezvo Akave nokuvandudza muna 1989), vechiIslam dzematongerwe vagara vandifungira enyika, zvoupfumi uye magariro vechiIslam Republic of Iran. Musoro State, nekuratidza mukuru wokuti nyika - Supreme Leader, uyo akagadzwa Board Nyanzvi.

Top Vatungamiriri Iran vaiva zviviri: muvambi vechiIslam Republic of Iran Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini uye mutsivi wake kuti Grand Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei (kubvira 1989 kusvika panguva ino).

Mutungamiri Mukuru anogadza misoro zvakawanda zvinokosha eHurumende. Uyewo, maererano Omani remitemo, anoti masimba wenyika, unogona kurambidza mitemo akapfuura neParamende (Majlis), dzinozivikanwa kunopa mvumo kune wenyika musarudzo kuzivisa candidacy yavo.

Kudzokorora umambo chaiyo mhando - mufananidzo hurumende iri Saudi Arabia. Pane kutaura kuti mamiriro mhedziso umambo, rakavakirwa nenhungamiro Islam. mambo Saudi ndiye musoro wehurumende uye musoro wehurumende. Zvisinei, sarudzo dzakawanda dzinoitwa munyika kubvunzana pakati mukuru machinda mhuri youmambo uye masangano ezvitendero. The Korani akazivisa nebumbiro remitemo renyika, iyo inotongwa pachishandiswa Islamic mutemo (sharia).