Chii zoning? Weboka ndima kana mvura pa zvikamu (maruwa)

Imwe nzira masayendisiti anoti nokuti zvakadzama kudzidza chero chinhu Chinofanira hwakakamukana, kamura, kuputsa madiki zvinoriumba. Hazvina nzira iyi kakawanda kushandiswa geographers uye nezvoupfumi pane misoro kudzidza nzvimbo huru. Vanosara kugovera navo migove - kumatunhu.

Chii zoning? Chii maonero ake kumira kunze? Parizvino zoning yeRussia? ichi zvose ichakurukurwa munyaya yedu.

Chii zoning?

Zoning - unorira kuti izwi iri Chirungu mabhuku. Zvisinei, chete vanhu vokuAmerica uye vachiti "muvambi" pamusoro nzira. Saka chii zoning? Ndepapi uye dzine mabasa evanhu, rinoshandiswa?

Pasi regionalization kunanga weboka mundima kupinda dzakasiyana, izvo vakasiyana mumwe nenzira imwe kana mumwe kuripo. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kwete chete kunyika nzvimbo, asi mvura yegungwa kana gungwa. Chinoumba zvikamu zvinoberekwa iyi, anonzi zvakasiyana: nzvimbo (kazhinji), kumatunhu, maruwa, zvikamu, nzvimbo.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zoning - hazvisi chete acho, asi nemhaka kugovera nharaunda kupinda mumatunhu. Panyaya iyi, maduramazwi zvinangwa vari kuisa pamberi pake. Vanogona kuva rinoshanda uye evasingatombonamati anodzidzisa.

Nhasi, zoning iri zvinowanzoshandiswa muminda siyana sayenzi uye anobatsira basa womunhu: .. In jogirafi, zvoupfumi, nzvimbo sainzi, madhorobha kuronga, mapurani, madhorobha kuronga, mukati design, etc. Izwi rinoshandiswa pakusarudza. Zvisinei, pane kuti anotakura akasiyana chaizvo kugutsikana.

The hunhu uye kukosha yokuti "nharaunda"

With pfungwa iyi isu kazhinji nawo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Residential nzvimbo zvinogona kushanda uye, kusununguka kana kurongwa, akarara, maindasitiri, kuzvivaraidza uye zvemari uye basa.

Izwi rine French midzi (rayon). Mune Mupfungwa yakazara yeshoko nzvimbo - nharaunda iyi, anomira mumwe kana kupfuura zviri. Kune dzimwe tsanangudzo rokuti. Somuenzaniso, mumwe wavo anoti nzvimbo - ndiyo nzvimbo nzvimbo, iyo inotaurwa chiito kana chiitiko (dzinongoitika, hupfumi, magariro).

Nzvimbo imwe huru vamapoka administrative uye miganhu sechivako dzakawanda munyika (kakawanda - hurongwa wechipiri). Zvikurukuru, inopfuura munyika dzakawanda post-Soviet nyika (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova nevamwe).

Pari, rokuti "nharaunda" rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana anoranga minda basa evanhu uye, kubva bhotani kune zvehondo.

Forms uye zvakataurwa zoning

Ndezvipi mhando zoning zviripo? Chokutanga, zvingava adzidze kana dzinovaka (transducer). Uye kana mumutsetse wokutanga, asi zoning nzira inoshandiswa nechinangwa tsvakurudzo, kusora nyika, ari wechipiri - kukudziridza pfungwa pfungwa kushandisa mukana nharaunda kupiwa.

Zoning kunogona homogeneous kana nomusimboti, kana Multi odnopriznakovym. Uyewo, uye nezviratidzo, izvo dzinounzwa kumatunhu vanogona dzinosiyana kugutsikana, zvinangwa, nhau nzvimbo, uye zvichingodaro. N.

Inobva chinowanika dzokubudisa nzvimbo, zvinotevera mhando zoning:

• zvechisikigo;
• jogirafi;
• Climate;
• wevanotungamirira;
• uto;
• zvoupfumi;
• kuzvivaraidza;
• Travel uye t. D.

The chikuru Misimboti miganhu zoning

nzira miganhu zoning yesayenzi uye rinoshanda anouya dzinokosha zvitatu:

• national;
• administrative;
• zvoupfumi.

National Pfungwa zoning anofunga madzinza Kuronga vemo iri mundima dzakapiwa, tsika dzavo uye nhoroondo zvaidiwa basa uye upenyu.

Administrative musimboti kunoreva kubatana kwezvoupfumi enyika uye administrative hurongwa ane nyika kana imwe nharaunda. Uchibatsirwa yake kusika mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda yakazvimirira dzimwe kumatunhu ehurumende.

Pakupedzisira, upfumi nhungamiro zoning kufunga chero nzvimbo sezvo chikamu chete zvoupfumi kunzwisisa munyika ine mamwe maindasitiri uye kwezvivako zvemapazi.

Misimboti izvi zvitatu zvinokosha uye kwose kuzivikanwa. Vanonzi nokuti marudzi ose miganhu zoning.

The hunhu uye kwevari upfumi zoning

nharaunda Economic - ndiwo muitiro womunhu yavaive nzvimbo kana zvikamu munyika (nharaunda), izvo zvinoratidza yemamiriro weboka basa. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha izvi - pakusikwa ezvinhu kuti mufambiro nokurira zveupfumi nemagariro mitemo. Kana zoning kwoupfumi kunokosha kuti kufunga zvinhu zvizhinji. Chokutanga, tiri kutaura pamusoro deposits ose chicherwa uye mafuta pfuma, okunze, padanho hwevhu, wevanotungamirira zviratidzo.

nharaunda Economic inoitika pa matatu nhanho. Ivo:

• makro-pamwero (kusarudzwa guru zveupfumi zvikamu);
• meso (yavaive zvoupfumi kumatunhu mukati imwe nyika kana munharaunda);
• Micro-pamwero (kusarudzwa maindasitiri nzvimbo, zvivako uye upfumi basa nodes).

Nature uye mhando regionalization

Geographical zoning - inofanira kuparadzana kwokunge munhu hurongwa uye zvivako, izvo zvakasiyana womukati kubatana uye kutaridza chaiwo zvakasikwa zviri.

It vakasarudza govera mhando dzakawanda mumuviri uye nenzvimbo regionalization. Saka, anogona zoned (latitudinal) kana azonal, kunzwisisa kana indasitiri. Kana bazi (raputika) zoning nharaunda weboka kuteererwa kuzorodzwa, okunze, zvinomera, uye zvichingodaro. D.

The inokosha rutivi hierarchical ino mumuviri uye nenzvimbo regionalization ndiyo facies. Ndicho nyore chimiro chimwe landscape, iro riri mukati chete zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza munzanga uye ane homogeneity pakati Geological mamiriro, mvura hwechiFascist, microclimate uye ivhu.

The zoning kuitika yeRussia

The tanga kuedza regionalize nyika vakasikwa pre-echimurenga nguva. Zvisinei, chinonyanya unoshamisa muenzaniso wokushandiswa nzira iyi tsika yakanga vanonzi chirongwa magetsi, 1921 (All-Union pamusoro magetsi urongwa). Zvaibva panheyo kubatana yaiona uye upfumi weboka mamiriro.

Modern nenzvimbo zoning anopa yavaive mukati gumi Russian physiographic nyika. Mumwe nomumwe wavo homogeneous nomunzvimbo dzine, yakafanana okunze uye biogeographic zvinhu. Heano nyika:

1. Russian bani.
2. ECaucasus.
3. Urals.
4. Fennoscandia.
5. The Arctic chitsuwa.
6. West Siberia.
7. Average kweSiberia.
8. North-Eastern kuSiberia.
9. Koryak-Kamchatka-Kuril nyika.
10. Baikal nyika.
11. Altai-Sayan nyika.
12. Amur-Sakhalin nyika.

Modern upfumi zoning munyika rinopawo kuti weboka wenharaunda Russia muna 12 zvoupfumi kumatunhu. Ivo vose dzinosiyana kukura uye dzavo specialization. We nyora zvose nzvimbo idzi:

• Central.
• Central Black Earth.
• North.
• North-West.
• North eCaucasus.
• East Siberian.
• West Siberian.
• Far East.
• Volga.
• Ural.
• Volga-Vyatka.
• Kaliningrad.

mhedziso

Chii zoning? Ndiwo mutoo kugovera munhu munharaunda pamusoro chikamu (kunzvimbo) kuti pave chaizvo zviratidzo. Zvichienderana zvinangwa uye zvinangwa, izvi zvingava dzawo kana zvinovaka. Pachishandiswa womukati kugutsikana kuti akasarudza govera enzvimbo, zvoupfumi, wevanotungamirira, okunze zoning chacho nedzimwe mhuka.