Chii simbi? The zvivako uye maitiro simbi

Chii simbi? Hunhu nefuma vaifarira dzekare. Ndiani akazarura anenge 96 simbi marudzi. unhu hwavo, uye tichataura munyaya.

Chii simbi?

Vakawanda zvinhu zviri periodic table rinoreva simbi. Zvinonzi ikozvino anozivikanwa kumunhu 96 chete zvipenyu dzavo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo features, zvizhinji izvo zvichigere kunzwisisa.

Chii simbi? Ichi nyore fuma, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva yakakwirira zvemagetsi uye chafariz conductivity, yakanaka tembiricha conductivity coefficient. nesimbi Most vane simba mukuru, ductility uye goho nokuchengetedza. Mumwe chinosiyanisa zvinhu ndiyo pamberi esimbi kubwinya.

Zvinoreva "simbi" rine chokuita rechiGiriki métallion, apo zvinoreva 'tichichera panyika "uye" bhuku yangu ". Munguva Russian mazwi zvakaitika panguva yokutonga Peter I mutauro German (German. Metalli), umo shoko kufamba kubva muchiLatin.

mumuviri ehupfumi

zvinhu simbi Kazhinji vane ductility akanaka, kunze netini, zingi, uye manganese. Density, vari akakamurwa chiedza (aruminiyamu, lithium) uye rinorema (osmium, tungsten). Most ane mukuru utsotso pfungwa, yose siyana zvichisiyana - 39 muna HG kusvika 3410 Celsius nokuda tungsten.

Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, nesimbi zvose kunze mekuri uye France, muri zvakasimba. The mwero pokuoma kunotemwa pamwero pamusoro pamwero Moss, sezvamakaropafadzwa vaifanira 10 pfungwa anonzi. Saka, chakaomesesa vari tungsten uye uranium exchange (6.0), kuti softest ndiyo necesium (0.2). simbi zhinji vane silvery, rinokwanisa kucheneruka uye ndachena noruvara, asi vamwe vari chairwo yeyero uye tsvuku mavara.

In kwavo mechanical lattices vari Mobile maerekitironi, achivaita rakaisvonaka mufambiro Magetsi nokupisa. Zvakanakisisa kubata nayo sirivha uye mhangura. Rine yakadereresa chafariz conductivity kuti nemekiyuri.

mushonga ehupfumi

By kwemakemikari ehupfumi ari nesimbi vanoparadzaniswa kuva muzvizhinji hwemapoka. Pakati pavo, alkali simbi, alkaline pasi, mapapu, uye actinides actinium, lanthanum uye lanthanides, semimetals. Oga tiri magnesium uye beryllium.

Kazhinji, nesimbi soMupristi yokuderedza nevasori kuvasiri simbi. Vane mabasa akasiyana, saka nezvinoita kuti fuma zvakafanana. Chinonyanya vaiita alkali nesimbi, ivo sei nyore chete rehydrogen, mvura.

Zvadai, inenge nguva kushamwaridzana zvesimbi pamwe okisijeni. Zvakaitwa hakusi chete goridhe uye Platinum. Ivowo regai sei kuiisa chlorine nesarufa, mukusiyana kune dzimwe simbi. Alkaline boka iri oxidized mu zvake ezvinhu, imwe kumusoro tembiricha.

Kuva zvakasikwa

Zvakasikwa, zvacho dzinowanikwa kunyanya ores kana yeimwe, semuenzaniso, oxides, munyu, carbonates. Vasati kushandiswa, ivo vanosangana dzakareba yokuzvinatsa matanho. simbi zhinji pamwe chicherwa deposits. Saka, chikamu cadmium zingi ores, scandium tantalum ikashandiswa pamwe gaba.

Kamwe muna yakachena chimiro akawana chete inert, kureva, non-basa simbi. Nokuda simba susceptibility kuti oxidation uye ngura, havana kuzviwanira zita vanokudzwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira goridhe, Platinum, sirivha, ruthenium, osmium, palladium, uye zvichingodaro. D. nesimbi Precious vari kuchinja chaizvo uye vane maitiro chinopenya kubwinya muna rakapera chigadzirwa.

Metals vose yakatipoteredza. Akawanda, vari goko paNyika. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa aruminiyamu, simbi, yavaibvisa, magnesium, calcium, titanium uye potassium. Dzinowanikwa mvura yomugungwa (sodium, magnesium), ndivo chikamu zvipenyu. In womunhu, nesimbi varipo vari pfupa (karusiyamu) muropa (simbi), tsinga (magnesium), tsandanyama (magnesium) uye dzimwe nhengo.

Kudzidza uye kushandisa

Ndechipi simbi anozivikanwa dzomunyika yakawanda yekare. Pakati muEgipita zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo kudanana shure 3-4 Millennium BC, nyaya akaita zvinokosha nesimbi dzawanikwa. Murume wokutanga yakawanikwa goridhe, mhangura, sirivha, kutungamirira, simbi, tini, nemekiyuri. Vakashumira kuti kugadzirwa zvishongo, maturusi dzinoiswa zvinhu uye nezvombo.

KuMiddle Ages zvakanzi vakawana namavara akanaka, Arsenic, bismuth uye zinc. Vanowanzoororwa kurerekera kuvabereki zvemashiripiti ehupfumi, chokuita muchadenga, kwebasa mapuraneti. Masayendisiti vakaperekedza dzakawanda kuedza mutariro exchange nemekiyuri mumvura kana goridhe. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nhamba Zvakawanikwa yakawedzera, uye XXI remakore zvose parizvino anozivikanwa simbi pazvakawanikwa.

Zvino vari kushandiswa mune zvinenge zvose mabhora muupenyu. Simbi inoshandiswa kugadzira zvishongo, michina, zvikepe, motokari. Izvi, kuti mapuranga zvivakwa, midziyo yomumba, siyana duku nhengo.

Excellent zvemagetsi conductivity akaita simbi dzetsika dzemagariro anogadzira zvinhu waya, nekuvongwa iye, tiri kushandisa magetsi.