Chii Parthenon? The Parthenon muGreece

Huge inopfupikisa vakanga dzinounzwa pakuvaka temberi muAthens. Mari zvakanga zvisina maturo. Parthenon uye achiri parera wenyika mapurani. ukuru hwake anofuridzira uye dzinokwezva kwemakore anopfuura 2500 kwemakore.

City-murwi mwarikadzi

Amazing Athens iri muGreece. Akakumbira kuti ritungamirirwe hweruzhinji, akakurukura uzivi kuti anoumba hwaro yemitambo. Chimwe chakanakira ake - kare Parthenon: kunoshamisa Monument kuti mapurani yekare hwaponeswa kuti mazuva edu.

Guta ainzi mukukudza mwarikadzi hondo uye uchenjeri - Athens.

Maererano nengano, aiva mutongi yamakungwa Poseidon ndokutanga nharo pamusoro mumwe wavo vachanamata vagari. Mwari munyanza, kuti aratidze simba rake, akatema trident yake paruware. Pane taitamba mapopoma. Saka aida kubvisa vagari kubva kwemvura. Asi mvura yakanga wakawanda uye kuva chepfu kuna miti. Athena rakura muorivhi, akapa mafuta, muchero uye huni. The weNobel akasarudza mwarikadzi. Zvinonzi mazita guta.

Zvadaro, muna kukudzwa mudziviriri guta rakanga rakavakwa pakati Parthenon. Temberi Athena iri Acropolis, riri repamusoro muguta.

Customer mwarikadzi imba

Ancient Atene - umwe wevanegumi nevaviri kuzvimirira maguta Attica (pakati chikamu Greece). yendarama zera Its akauya V remakore BC. e. Ndakaita mugove mutemo mutongi wayo Pericles. Murume akaberekwa mumhuri vaAtene vakakwirira, kunyange pashure vachinyanya vakatsigira hweruzhinji. Tiine vanhu akadzinga paguta nokuita wekambani uye akatora chake choumambo. The itsva mutemo uye vakawanda zvinhu kuti akatanga Pericles akaita Athens kwetsika muzinda. Rakanga riri danho rake temberi Parthenon dzateyiwa.

Imwe tsika vaGiriki rakanga kuti mudzimba dzakanga achingopiwa kunzvimbo akasarudzwa uye vane zita zvakafanana pakati Acropolis. Raiva rokumusoro chikamu cheguta. Zvakange yanyatsosimba zvinoitirwawo kurwiswa nevavengi.

The mugadzi of Parthenon

Athens temberi yokutanga yakavakwa kare pakati VI remakore BC. e. akaritumidza Gekatompedon. Akanga vakakundwa nevaPersia muna 480 BC. e. Zvinonzi kubva aitwa mashoma kuedza kuvaka yomukatikati, asi kugara hondo rasakadzwa bhajeti.

Akatevera, uyo akakwanisa nditende mwarikadzi, aiva Pericles. Muna 447 BC. e. kuvakwa temberi Parthenon akatanga. MuGreece, apo zvakanga nekaupenyu vakanyarara, vaPezhiya pakupedzisira akaenda, uye shongwe pamusoro Acropolis rava chiratidzo kubudirira uye runyararo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chivako chaiva chikamu gavhuna urongwa kudzorera Athens. Zvinofadza kuti mari kuti vave akapedza pakuvaka, ishe vakakwereta mari kuti kwave inounganidzwa vatsigiri vari kurwa nevaPezhiya.

Kuvamba kuvakwa

Ukuwo Acropolis raingova Dump chii asara kwemasvingo yapfuura mutemberi. Naizvozvo, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti atange kuchenesa nzvimbo pechikomo. Huru rutumba akanga nokuonga Athena rubatsiro kwake kunokunda vavengi panguva Hondo Marathon. Kazhinji, mwarikadzi muhondo rinonzi Athena Virgo. Ichi chimwe mhinduro yomubvunzo izvo Parthenon. Pashure pezvose, kubva pashoko rechiGiriki "parthenos" rinoshandurwa se "mhandara" kana "mhandara."

Steel anoramba nheyo chivakwa, zvose yakadhirika. To basa vakakokwa yakanakisisa vemifananidzo, mainjiniya uye vavezi vemabwe nguva. Yokugadzira vainzi geniuses ose mapurani uye Iktinos Callicrates. Maererano nemagwaro, izvo vaizivikanwa kuva wokutanga yakatanga urongwa, uye wechipiri akatevera basa mapurani. chikwata chavo vaishanda patemberi gumi nematanhatu. Mugore 438 BC. e. ivo mumaoko basa. Mugore iroro rokuvaka vatsvene. Kutaura zvazviri, vavezi vemabwe akashanda kusvikira 432 BC. e. Progress pedza akatungamirira shamwari yepedyo Pericles uye mifananidzo shasha pakati Phidias.

Chiitiko kwetemberi

Pericles Kazhinji mhosva kutambisa. Huge mari zvaida Parthenon. Temberi Athena Takauyira matarenda esirivha 450. Enzanisa - mune imwe mari yakadaro aigona kuita warship.

Kana vanhu vasingafari vakamuka, mutongi chandakukanganisira. Akati kuti kudzoka mari, asi ipapo achava oga mupinduriri yechechi, uye kuburikidza emakore zvizvarwa vachava mazvita ake oga. Vanhuwo zvavo uyewo dai kubwinya, vakabvuma kuti mari yave akanyorwa pamusoro vagari, uye vasisiri negurukota okutsutsumwa. Zviya, nokuti macheki zvemari (panguva yaiva plaques machena) vanotsvakurudza vakatsunga zvose misi.

Ndaifanira kushanyira Parthenon uye achiva wechiKristu. Pakati Byzantine (V c) nzvimbo yokunamatira Athena yachinjwa mutemberi St. waMariya.

Chii Parthenon, uye chii chiri chinangwa chawo chikuru haina kuzivikanwa uye vokuTurkey. Muna 1460 kuti Atene vakapfuura mumaoko avo, uye Chechi Yedu Lady (t. E. Varwi temberi mwarikadzi) anotendeuka kuva chechi.

1687 akaratidza dzinouraya nokuti Atene-Mhandara. Venetian chikepe chaiva chinoumba chivako uye akaputsa anenge zvachose ayo chinokosha. Architecture uye akatambura sagona mumaoko varindi unyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, vakawanda yakanyungudutswa akavhuniwa apo vakaedza kubvisa madziro Vandals uye tsika vanyatsowana.

Features, zvinokwezva

Pakutanga mashoko XIX remakore naIshe Elgin akatora mvumo kubva hweOttoman Sultan kuti anofambisa mifananidzo muEngland uye masvingo vane mifananidzo, izvo zvakachengetedzwa. Saka, zvakanga akanunurwa makumi ezviuru metres zvinokosha ibwe mifananidzo. Architectural kuvaka Parthenon, kana panzvimbo yayo chikamu, vachiri wakachengetwa muBritish Museum muLondon. Sezvo Exhibits akadaro ndeimwe yenyika Louvre Museum uye Acropolis.

Mienzaniso kudzorerwa vakatanga pashure kudzorerwa rusununguko. Yaiva pakupera yacho XIX remakore. Zvadaro kekutanga takaedza kudzorera chepakuvamba chiso Acropolis.

Nhasi, ndiko rakasiyana nzvimbo yakadzorerwa.

Upper Town Ensemble

Temberi akava korona uye vakarumbidza Acropolis. Parthenon - Classics muGirisi yekare. The kamuri wakapamhama, mativi ose akakombwa pembiru. Nokuti kuvaka haana kushandisa simende, masonry yakanga yaoma. Mumwe chikwata - akakwana sikweya. Tinonzwa simba kuti zvakajeka anoenderana mumwe, pamusoro simbi pematanda. machena Slabs vose vakanga zvakakwana kukwenenzverwa.

Nharaunda yakakamurwa. Chakapiwa nzvimbo yokuchengetera chezvipo. A yoga kamuri chaiva pechifananidzo Athena.

Basic zvinhu - machena. Rine ehupfumi endarama pasi chiedza, saka zviri jeka yero, uye chimwe chikamu ane grayish Hue.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri patemberi kwakaitika ichatonga zvine mbiri Greece. Pashure pokuwa Athens musha nyika uyewo yakadhirika.

The chikuru muenzi temberi

Ose sculptural basa rakanga raitwa pasi pokudzora echiGiriki muvezi Phidias uye mapurani. Asi chinonyanya kukosha kereke iye yakashongedzwa pachake. Nhongonya achiva korona basa rake rakanga chifananidzo mwarikadzi. The Parthenon muGreece aizivikanwa nokuti. Kukwirira kwakanga 11 mamita.

Takazvitora sezvikonzero muti, asi nhamba yakanga yakaitwa nendarama dzenzou. simbi Precious rave kushandiswa 40 Talent (uremu uyu akaenzana inenge imwe tani chendarama). Miracle kuti Phidias akasika, hazvina kurarama nanhasi, asi anosikwa zvizere. Mufananidzo chivezwa yakanga pamahwendefa tumari, mazana mifananidzo duku Athena (kutevedzera kubva Parthenon) akarayira temberi yacho pedyo maguta. Zvose izvi raiva zvokunyama kuti kudzorerwa yakarurama zvikuru kubereka.

musoro wake akanga akapfeka nezvengowani, usina kuvhara runako. The ruoko bhodhi iri iyo hondo Amazons kuratidzwa. Maererano nerimwe ngano, munyori akagogodza payo asian ake uye mufananidzo mutengi. On pomuchindwe iye akabata chidhori mwarikadzi kukunda in Ancient Greece - Nicky. Pamusoro guru Athens iye sokuti duku, asi chaizvoizvo kukwirira kwayo - kupfuura mamita maviri.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani zvinotaurwa Parthenon uye sei rinoenderana ipapo mufananidzo chokwadi, unogona kuverenga Greek ngano. Athena ndiye chete mwari kuti akamira chombo. Chinowanzoonekwa kumiririrwa ane pfumo muruoko rwake.

Mumakore 438-437 BC. e. Phidias akapedza basa pechifananidzo Athena. Uyezve, kurohwa kwakanga kusiri nyore. The munyori akapomerwa nokuba goridhe. Zvadaro, chikamu ndiro zvinodhura rakabvisirwa uye kutsiviwa endarira. Uye V remakore, maererano dzimwe nhoroondo, iye pakupedzisira akafa moto.

Kuberekwa mwarikadzi

Chii Parthenon, uye pashure pake yakavakwa, anozivikanwa ose echiGiriki. Temberi huru yeguta rekare rakanga rakavakwa kuti vakudze uchenjeri uye kururamisira waro anorichengeta mutsvene - a Athens kukuru.

The pakuonekwa mwarikadzi musi Olympus kujairika. Akanga asina kuberekwa, uye wakabuda musoro baba vake Zeus. Chiitiko ichi anoratidzwa kumabvazuva bapiro temberi.

Zeusi, mwari mukuru, akanga muchidimbu akaroora mutongi penyanza, mumwe mukadzi anonzi Metis. Apo mudzimai wangu aiva nepamuviri, Mwari akafanotaura kuti aizozvarwa vana vaviri. A mwanasikana haangatenderi bvumidza kuti akashinga uye simba, uye mwanakomana, uyo achava simba rokukanda kure choushe chababa vake. Manomano Zeus akaita kufarira kuderera. Apo Metis akava duku, murume wake akanga yakamedza. In chiito ichi Mwari akasarudza vazowana tapedza mugumo.

Parthenon tembere haana kurarama dai asina kuberekwa Athena. Papera kanguva, Zeusi arwara. The kurwadziwa mumusoro wake akanga ane simba zvokuti akabvunza mwanakomana wake Hephaestus Makakamura dehenya rake. Akauraya sando yababa vake, uye akabuda yake musoro mukuru akanaka mukadzi ari dzokurwa - Athena.

Zvadaro, iye akava aidzivirira varwi-magamba uye musha ounyanzvi.

Temple - bhuku ngano

The chikuru fuma zvivako - ayo tsika ukoshi zvizvarwa zvaizotevera. Saka, mumwe PARTICIPLE anoudza yayo rakasiyana nyaya: kuzvarwa mwarikadzi, rudo guta uye ukama kwayo kune vatambi.

Kusiyana Ares, mwari yokurwa, Athena akaedza navavengi chete. Akanga ari mudziviriri varwi, achibatsira guta, apo paiva nzvimbo yokunamatira, kunowanzoguma magamba musi ushingi hwavo. Saka, vachibatsirwa naPerseus akakunda Medusa. Jason uye Argonauts Athena akavaka ngarava umo nechikepe kuti Golden Fleece. Uyewo, kakawanda mutambi inowanikwa mapeji pabasa Hercules. A yakawanda mwarikadzi chakaitwa Odysseus kumusha. Her kufarira pamusoro Trojan War, saka achilles aiva pachimiro pakurwa anofananidzirwa kumadokero chikamu chetemberi.

Parthenon yakanyungudutswa vaiva mienzaniso kwezvizvarwa nenyanzvi.