Chii leishmaniasis? siyana leishmaniasis

Kakawanda vanhu takatarisana nezvirwere ganda: yacho mapundu rinowanika, ronda achiri kwete pachena worudzii nokuruma, asi sezvineiwo zviri chinoshamisa. Kakawanda mosquito nokuruma anogona kukwegura kupinda nezvirwere, mumwe chimiro chiri chirwere akadai leishmaniasis. Zviri pamusoro chirwere uye nehurukuro nhasi. Saka, chii leishmaniasis?

pfungwa

Leishmaniasis - chiri chirwere kuti hworatidza pacharo kwete chete muvanhu asi mhuka. The causative nomumiririri rinongova rudzi Leishmania, uye inoparadzirwa kuburikidza ikaruma umhutu Lutzomyia.

Leishmania majemusi kuitika kunyanya munyika dzinopisa: Asia, Africa, South America.

Kakawanda, kwakabva chirwere anogona kare utachiona vanhu, mhuka, canines (makava, mhumhi kana namakava), musha-vakura, uye nemakonzo.

Zvirwere pamwe refu uye zvakaoma apore, ngozi kwete chete vanhu asiwo mhuka - nayo leishmaniasis. Ichitanga upenyu utachiona kuti anokonzera chirwere ichi vari refu kwazvo. Chekutanga kutapukirwa umhutu. Pashure paizvozvo, utachiona anopinda zvomudumbu hurongwa, riri haisati zvaibva kuti akura muchimiro leishmaniasis vova Mobile flagellar fomu. Kuunganidza ari huro mosquito panguva nokuruma itsva, ivo kupinda ronda uye kukanganisa masero epithelial kana nhengo kwevanhu kana mhuka.

Leishmaniasis: mhando

Kune mhando dzakawanda chirwere ichi, uye mumwe nomumwe yazvo nzira ngozi muviri:

• Skin.
• Slimy.
• Visceral leishmaniasis.
• Mucocutaneous.
• Viscerotropic.

The chikuru zviratidzo leishmaniasis

The chikuru Zviratidzo chirwere vanoonekwa nemaronda pamusoro womunhu. Vaonekwe mashoma mavhiki kana kunyange mwedzi pashure inoruma zvipembenene vectors chirwere. Chimwe chiratidzo angava fivha, izvo angatanga mumazuva mashomanana pashure kuruma. Time runogona zvakakwana, mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye kwerinenge gore. Uyewo, chirwere chinobata chiropa uye chirwatata, Zvingaguma kupererwa neropa.

Mukurapa, chiratidzo leishmaniasis wokutanga akawedzera chirwatata: kukura, unogona kuva kupfuura chiropa. Nhasi, pane mhando ina leishmaniasis:

1. Visceral. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma siyana chirwere. Kana iwe musatanga mangwanani kurapwa, chirwere kunogona kutungamirira kurufu.
2. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Zvinonzi imwe pfungwa yakajairika siyana. Pakarepo shure ikaruma kurwadziwa kuonekwa panzvimbo yayo. Ingapedza chimiro ichi chirwere zvinogoneka chete pashure pemwedzi mishomanana, uye kunyange ipapo vanhu uchayeuka nezvake, kutarisa vanga kubva chirwere.
3. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis - chimiro ichi chirwere kwakapararira, ayo chitarisiko afanane zvikuru maperembudzi, uye zvakaoma chaizvo kurapa.
4. Mucous chimiro. Kutanga nemaronda ganda, vakazochinja kutungamirira kukuvara rinenge kunyanya panyaya muromo uye mhuno.

Concept uye zviratidzo visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral Leishmaniasis - inzira ane zvirwere kunokonzerwa Leishmania. Pane zvakawanda zvive muna kupararira kwaiita utachiona hematogenous nzira kubva chinangwa chirwere mune chero nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu: chiropa, chirwatata, node nodes, uye kunyange mumwongo. Micro-zvinenge pamuviri muwande nokukurumidza, zvichiguma kukuvara.

Kakawanda chirwere ichi vari vana. The incubation nguva chose refu, dzimwe nguva refu kusvikira mwedzi mishanu. Chirwere anotanga zvishoma kumhanya, asi muchikwata yokurarama, izvo unouya endemic nzvimbo, chirwere angatanga nokukurumidza.

Visceral leishmaniasis zviratidzo iwayo akakurumbira. Munenge Muzviitiko zvose ndivo chete: zvakawanda zvive, kusimba muviri wose, lethargy, kwakakwana kushaya kudya. Fever kunotanga nokukurumidza. Chobudira sefungu, tembiricha muviri anogona kusvika madhigirii 40. Kwozouya chirwere ruyamuro shoma iyo zvakare anopa nzira yakakwirira tembiricha, izvo kunze kwakaoma kugogodza.

Unogonawo kuona zviratidzo zvirwere ganda zvakadai visceral leishmaniasis. zviratidzo pamwe zvinotevera: hapana ganda ane grayish tinge uye kazhinji ropa. Nyatsoteerera mari uye nhengo dzinobudisa gadziriro - the node nodes awanda.

Zviratidzo Zvikuru visceral leishmaniasis

The chikuru chepfungwa chirwere ndiye kwokutanga rakaremara, izvo zvinogona chete, uye saka wokutanga rokuongorora haigoni kuonekwa. It sokunge chiduku mburwa Chiso chinopenya zvikamu flake. Richiwanika panzvimbo paakange aita ikaruma ane mutakuri Tupukanana kana chipfuwo canine, muviri ane causative nomumiririri visceral leishmaniasis.

Constant chiratidzo, ayo panzvimbo yokutanga inofanira kuteerera, ndiye akawedzera chirwatata uye chiropa. Kuti chirwatata nokukurumidza kunowedzera, uye pashure vaviri mwedzi pashure utachiona vanogona kutora yose rworuboshwe divi peritoneum. Panguva Kumubata mitumbi kuva gobvu, asi kurwadziwa ikoko. The chiropa ichiwedzerwa kwete kutsanya, asi inogona kuchengetwa dzakakomba zvikuru mhirizhonga iri mabasa anosvika ascites.

Kana akarova ne mwongo chirwere, zviratidzo kunoratidzwa thrombocytopenia uye agranulocytosis, izvo zvinogona pamwe ihosha huro. Chinhu chokutanga kuti kunogona kuonekwawo ari mumuviri womunhu - ndiko kukurumidza kubuda mavara ruvara mavara.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

The Leishmaniasis chirwere chinhu chakajairika zvikuru uye ane dzakawanda, mumwe wavo ndiye cutaneous leishmaniasis. Kubereka vana nayo utachiona rinowanikwa munyama womunhu, apo Leishmania nokukurumidza ripen anochochonya kuita mazana bezzhgutikovyh. Izvi anonzi chikuru nzvimbo chirwere, nokuumbwa granuloma. Inoitwa masero epithelial uye plasma masero, macrophages uye lymphocytes. Kuparara zvinogona kukonzera kuchinja anogumbura anogona kusvika lymphangitis kana lymphadenitis.

Symptomatology kuti cutaneous

Nguva yose incubation nguva cutaneous leishmaniasis ndiwo mwedzi rimwe nehafu. Sarudza zvinogona mumatanho akawanda chikuru chirwere:

1. The pakuonekwa tubercle pamusoro nedehwe rayo nokukurumidza kuwedzera. miganhu yacho vari mukati 2 cm.
2. The urikanwi anooneka pashure mashoma. Chokutanga, vakafukidza nhete goko riri dzakwidzwa zvachose, uye pamusoro penyika sokuti akacheneruka vaaleanpunainen pasi nokuchema, urikanwi akaumba gare gare. Urikanwi micheto zvishoma vanomutswa uye kusazvibata.
3. Tripe. Mazuva mashoma gare gare pasi urikanwi rinocheneswa chose uye yakafukidzwa granulations, mune ramangwana mavanga zvose izvi.

The chikuru Zviratidzo cutaneous

Hakuna chete rudzi kumaruwa asiwo dzomumaguta, uye havasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva mumwe, asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti pane zvimwe zvinokosha zvinhu kubvumira kusiyanisa navo.

Huru uye inokosha zvikuru - iyi ndiyo nhoroondo yakarurama uye kwazvo. Kwenguva yakareba kunokuvadza munzvimbo dzomumaguta kana vokumaruwa mamiriro ezvinhu zvinoratidza vachida muchimiro chacho. Rustic mhando dzose unowanikwa chikuru siyana, asi guta anogona kutora zvose zvipenyu zvose zviripo.

Mucocutaneous chimiro chirwere

Kuwedzera pamusoro apa marudzi chirwere, pane mumwe zvakajairika uye ngozi zvikuru - zviri slimy ganda leishmaniasis (espundia). It kunokonzerwa umhutu.

From zvipembenene ikaruma uye kusvikira nezviratidzo chirwere rokutanga anogona kutora kusvika 3 months. Panzvimbo apo mumwe murume akanga arumwa umhutu, izvozvo vakaumba yakadzika urikanwi. Inosanganisira mucosa, node uye ropa midziyo. izvi zvose zvinotungamirira kunzwisisa chaizvo uye zvakakomba matambudziko, fungidziro hazvikurudziri.

leishmaniasis yevanhu chero zviripo mhando kune ngozi chaizvo, sezvo zvazvinoita zvomukati, izvo zvisina kutsarukana akashanda kurapwa, dzakadai chirwatata uye chiropa. Chikonzero ichi, vanachiremba vanoti pakutanga unonzwa kurwara, enda kuchipatara pakutanga nzendo chirwere chinogona kurapwa nokukurumidza shoma zvikuru.

Other mhando leishmaniasis chirwere

Takatodzidza akarondedzera zvimwe zvinokosha siyana chirwere ichi sezvo leishmaniasis, asi pane imwe mhando mashoma zvingasava zvakadaro kakawanda, asi ngozi vanhu:

1. Sequential leyshmanioma - kuvapo chikuru chacho pamwe kuwedzera yechipiri zvatariswa muchimiro nodules duku.
2. Tuberculoid leishmaniasis. Photo varwere inoratidza kuti zviratidzo chirwere kuonekwa panzvimbo chikuru siyana kana panzvimbo chivara. Panguva iyoyowo chikuru kuremara hunokonzera kuvapo tubercles diki hapana yero, hapana yakakura kupfuura musoro mbambo.
3. Diffuse leishmaniasis. Ichi chimiro chirwere kazhinji inoitika muvanhu vane pasi kutapata uye kunoratidzwa kwakakura maronda maronda ganda uye chisingaperi muitiro.

Chii leishmaniasis, tinonzwisisa uye sei rokuongorora nayo, tsanangura mberi.

Nemarudzi kuongorora chirwere kuti leishmaniasis

Clinical chirwere pamusoro leishmaniasis murwere anoiswa pachishandiswa epidemiological Data uye kunotoda mufananidzo. Zvakarurama kuzosimbisa pamberi chirwere kuchabatsira rabhoritari kuongorora chirwere. Leishmaniasis zvinoratidza zvinotevera nzira:

• Research pamusoro utachiona: atore tichibvisa kubva nemaronda uye tubercles.
• Nemaziso kuongororwa: murwere chinobviswa zodzera kana gobvu donhwe. Nzira iyi inogona kuona pamberi Leishmania akavhiringidzwa Romanovsky-Gimza.

• Akaita munhu biopsy chiropa uye chirwatata, mu wakakura zvikuru kacho kuita mwongo punctate.
• Serological nzira dzakadai RGC, IFA, uye vamwe.

Nzira zvakarurama kuziva pane rakakura mari, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo tigokuzivisai yakarurama kwazvo mashoko uye rinoratidza kuvapo vanhu zvirwere zvakadai leishmaniasis. Chirwere muna pfupi achasarudza kukomba kwechirwere chacho.

mabatiro

Chii leishmaniasis, uye sei rokuongorora izvozvo, isu kare kurondedzerwa. Ngatimbotaura zvishoma pamusoro sei kuitwa kurapwa.

Kana visceral chimiro pentavalent namavara akanaka aishandisa zvinodhaka:

1. "Pentostam". It chinotarisirwa nomutsinga murwere, kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo rakasanganiswa mu shuga 5% mhinduro. The mushonga anogonawo kushandiswa intramuscularly. Yawapiwa kunogara kwemwedzi.
2. "Glyukantim". The mushonga rinoshandiswa zvakafanana se "Pentostam". Kana hosha yakaoma chimiro, kuti dose inogona wakawedzera uye kuwedzera kurapwa mumwe mwedzi, asi zvinogona kuitwa chete mvumo kupinda chiremba.
3. "Solyusurmin". The mushonga anogona kupiwa nomutsinga kana intramuscularly, kurapwa vanofanira kutanga 0.02 g pa makirogiramu muviri uremu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pamazuva 20 dose ichiwedzerwa kusvika 1,6 g / makirogiramu.

Uyewo, kana kwazvo chimiro chirwere anopa kwazvo zvinodhaka kurapwa "Amphotericin B". The kwokutanga dose pamusoro 0.1 MG / makirogiramu. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvinowedzera asi kwete kupfuura 2 g pa zuva. Kusuma mushonga nomutsinga, ayo kare zvazvichanyungudutswa imwe shuga mhinduro.

In dzainge dzakaoma, apo vose zvinodhaka inoshandiswa uye haana kuuya kutsvakwa zvabuda, akarayira kuvhiya - splenectomy. Mushure akadaro kuvhiyiwa, murwere nokukurumidza ikadzoka dzose, asi chete ane mukana nevamwe zvinotapukira.

Kana ganda chirwere chimiro angashandiswa kugadzirira zvose, tine zvinorondedzerwa kumusoro, uye anowedzera kunan'anura kudziyisa uye ultraviolet irradiation.

Zvakaipira leishmaniasis

Fungidziro uye kurapwa zvaizoitika pashure zvirwere zvakadai leishmaniasis, zvakawanda. Pasinei nokuti visceral chimiro Ndakatengesa zvakakomba matambudziko, uye upenyu murwere zviri ngozi chaizvo, kana nenguva kurapwa zvirwere anoenda kucherechedzwa uye haakonzeri kukuvadza zvikuru kune muviri.

Somugumisiro, ganda chimiro, kunyanya diffuse musiyano wezvinyorwa, ganda anogona kuramba mavanga. Zvikurukuru, zvakakwana kwazvo zviitiko angatokwanisa kuchinja marangwanda.

zvinogoneka yematambudziko

Possible yematambudziko chirwere leishmaniasis (mapikicha varwere chirwere ichi chinogona kuwanika munyaya yedu). The Papera maperembudzi dzakaonekwa uye kurapwa iri vakatanga acho, dzakanga mukana chakakomba yematambudziko. Kana leishmaniasis vanogona kutora zvinotevera fomu:

• Chiropa kukundikana, cirrhosis uye ascites makaremerwa.
• Chakakomba kupererwa neropa uye neakangwara intravascular coagulation.
• renal amyloidosis.
• Nemaronda pamusoro lining ari zvomudumbu turakiti.

Kana cutaneous chirwere yematambudziko chokuita zvikurukuru pamwe kuwedzera imwe chirwere yechipiri. It kunoratidzwa vemunzvimbo phlegmon uye abscesses, asi pasina zvakarurama kadikidiki kunokwanisa kuva wakaomarara muchimiro septic.

Chii leishmaniasis? Iyi haisi zvirwere, ine zvakasiyana siyana, imwe neimwe iri yakakwana ngozi vanhu. Asi pane zvishoma nzira yokudzivirira, izvo zvichakubatsira kudzivisa chirwere kana asashandiswe zvakakomba chimiro.

dziviriro chirwere

The musimboti wenyika kudzivirira leishmaniasis ndiyo anodzivirira matanho. Tinofanira kuedza kuzvidzivirira kubva umhutu ikaruma inova vatakuri chirwere. Zvakakosha kuita nguva disinfection urwe nemakonzo, aedze mhuka canines kuti vave akatorwa kurera sango.

A Kudzivirira mushonga kuchabatsira chete pakudzivirira pamusoro cutaneous zvirwere. Saka, munhu akatuma endemic munzvimbo, kubaya.

Leishmaniasis - chaizvo chirwere chakakomba anouraya vanenge hafu yemiriyoni vanhu pauri ose gore, saka kubata iye amire basa zvizere uye pakutanga chiratidzo kumhanyira chiremba. Chete nzendo chirwere mangwanani anogona kurapa pasina zvimwe nemigumisiro.

Asi saka munyika yedu hwakatangwa, kuti vose "ndaraswa nezvirwere" haana mari, saka hapana richava baya yevagari, apo munhu pachake hakuiti kutenga mushonga uye haana kukumbira kwake kupinda. Uye saka zvinoitika kuti hosha iri chaizvo kuzivikanwa, uye zvakakodzera kurapa kurapwa hadzisi mari yakakwana. Naizvozvo zviri nani pane avo kuita zvose zvinobvira hutachiwana.