Chii kuona Tula? Excursions muna Tula. Tula Museum

Tula ndomumwe maguta akawanda ekare Russia. Taundi dzakatangira nyika yaigarwa necheSalvic rudzi Vyatichi. Kwemazana emakore akawanda guta rino raiva inokosha chaizvo yaiona, maindasitiri uye muzinda wezvokutengeserana. Zvinonzi zvakabatana chaizvo nemashoko munhau kwakaguma kubatanidzwa dzose Russian pasi pesimba Moscow.

The misha yokutanga

Musi chaiwo rokuvambwa guta yanyura kupinda yokukanganwa, asi nguva yokutanga zvakazivikanwa kubvira yaMakoronike chokuita 1146. Modern Tula iri chete kumaodzanyemba vokutanga nemisha. Nokufamba kwenguva, vagari vakatamira pedyo munharaunda apo rwizi zvakapinda Tulitsa Upa. Pano Chernigov machinda vakasarudza kuvaka womuoki nhare akaritumidza Tula.

budiriro

Nhare yaikosha chaizvo panzvimbo uye iri kumaodzanyemba pamupendero chete akatanga kuumba Russian mamiriro. Nhare Aigara vakapfuura paruoko kuisa. Akatsungirira nechisimba Batu muna 1237 uye Tokhtamysh muna ra1382, uyewo vakawanda vachirwisa Nogai uye Crimean Tatars. Pane kunyange aiva nenguva kushanyira Lithuanian nechisimba! Tula chete muna 1503 pakupedzisira akaenda Moscow kwavabati.

Muna 1514 Muchinda Moscow Vasily III muna pomuouki nhare akaraira kuti ibwe guta, ndiyo Kremlin. Construction rakapera muna 6 years. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Tula akava kudzivirira, kudzivirira kumaodzanyemba nzira kuMoscow. Gare gare, muna XVII remakore, guta kare rakavakirwa kukamba yakavimbika, nguva dzose vakagadzirira dzinga muvengi kurwiswa.

Tula nhare kwagara zvakarurama dzine kuvakwa uye vanhu vakawanda, uye zvose nokuda rutivi rwokumavirira kwayo kwave riri pamusika, izvo aidzidza ndakawedzera kutengeserana. Kukurumidza kukura Crafts vaifanira nechokwadi zvinodiwa vagari uye kudzivirira zvinodiwa nehurumende. Sezvo pakuvaka ibwe Kremlin Tula akava musimboti inokosha kudzivirira, vakarinda kumaodzanyemba nzira kuna guru Grand Duchy kuMoscow.

excursions

guta rino rakanyatsojeka nevakawanda kuvashanyi, nokuti ane akapfuma munhoroondo kare. Iye anogona kuudza yakawanda dzinonakidza zvinhu kubva Russian ehurumende inotungamirwa uye chinowanikwazve rwokugadzira, saka vaenzi kutarisa ari Thule.

Unogona kungoti famba guta, asi zvingava nani kushandisa kuminamato vatungamiriri ounyanzvi. Travel inopa inonakidza uchimuratidza Thule harisi chete vakuru asiwo vechikoro. Pane zvakawanda mamiziyamu uye kujairika zvinoyangarara namatsime vachaonga iwe nevana vako.

mamiziyamu

Kupiwa vafumi kare muguta, vashanyi uye veko nomufaro mukuru kushanyira Museums Tula wayo nevamwe zvinokwezva. Zvichava zvinonakidza kudzidza nezvenhoroondo kukura maoko, yakakurumbira delicacy, gingerbread yakadhindwa, kana pamusoro reRussia wedangwe fekitari kuti kugadzirwa harmonicas uye accordions.

Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira ndiye Tula Museum of Arts Akanaka. Rine mapazi akawanda: Tula Kremlin, kuratidzwa kuna basa womufananidzo P. N. Krylova, Spassky uye Exhibition Hall.

Tula nhare

Inonyanya kufarirwa pakati vashanyi vakanakidzwa chete ibwe wenhare, izvo hazvishamisi, nokuti haana chete munhoroondo, asiwo aesthetic kukosha kuti guta uye yose nyika.

Tula Kremlin - ndiyo nguva nenhare, inova shongwe yekare Russian kudzivirira mapurani. It rine rectangular nzvimbo ane nzvimbo iri 6 hectares. Akamisa kumativi mukomberedzo kwemasvingo ane kureba anenge 1 km.

Kusvika panguva Tula Kremlin Ensemble rinoumbwa kwete shongwe uye masvingo. Zvinosanganisira machechi maviri - the Epiphany uye Mutsvene kubvuma, uyewo kunotenga Arcade of XIX remakore uye wokutanga simba yemapurisa Russia XX remakore.

Guides kupa zvinoshamisa rwendo kuburikidza mapurani Ensemble: mune inodziya mwaka, unogona kuenda kuburikidza shongwe uye madziro nhare, paunogona kuyemura guru Panorama muguta.

Kubva gore negore pane nemamwe kuratidzira - Tula vagari uye vashanyi kuona zvishandiso yokurangwa kuti iripo kubvira XVI remakore munyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugara chokuita panhare kuvaka kare, nyaya rakakurumbira Tula uye zvakawanda.

Art kuratidza

Residents uye vashanyi havazosiyi hanya hwakawanda Museums Tula. Mumwe wavo rakazvipira mifananidzo Porfiriya Nikiticha Krylova, chizvarwa guta rino. Bazi ane zvuru zviviri nhoroondo magwaro uye zvimwe zvinhu, uyewo mifananidzo anopfuura mazana maviri zvaiva yokudhirowa.

The miziyamu kwamagwaro zvakajeka transmits Danho rimwe nerimwe muupenyu tenzi unyanzvi. Pano musingadi kuwana chero cartoons kana caricatures, kunyange akanga ari nhengo yakakurumbira nevatatu pakati cartoonists "Kukryniksy". mabasa wakadhirowewa akauya pano ine Portraits uye vachiri lifes, kanoda basa rake vakazvipira kwenzvimbo. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti chizvarwa nyika Porfiriya Nikiticha akanga Tula, takaberekwa tine panoram yakaisvonaka uye anoda kupfeka kanivhasi.

kuratidzwa Izvi hazvisi chete inonakidza kuti vakuru. Kana ukasarudza kuenda kushanyira ichi guta rekare, tora vana vavo navo - vachaita. Kwavari, vakabata siyana zvokuita, akadai zvemafaro hurukuro, kusanganisira "Hesi, miziyamu" navarongo mangwanani uye zvichingodaro. N. A anoshamisa okusika chikwata achagara kuwana chinhu kufadza uye vakashamiswa vana nevabereki vavo.

gunsmiths guta

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Tula miziyamu ndiye anonakidza uye anodzidzisa. Vashanyi vakawanda vachiuya guta rino, edza kuvashanyira vakawanda sezvaibvira. Rimwe nemagariro nzvimbo idzi yakakurumbira Tula State Museum of Zvombo, apo kubatsira kunogona kupedza nguva yako kwete chete vakuru asiwo vana. nditende, pane kuona. In Tula yagara mubasa kukura uye kugadzirwa kwezvombo. Excursions Vashanyi aratidze dzinonetsa kukosha zvombo kugadzirwa pakugadzirwa nhoroondo huru Russia.

Somuenzaniso, pazvakava pachena kuti Soviet Union haana kukwanisa kudzivisa hondo pamwe Germany, kuti injiniya gs Shpagin akatanga kuvaka chombo itsva nokuti Red Army mukutanga 1940s. Tula akatanga kuumba uye kugadzira panguva yayo chirimwa submachine pfuti muenzaniso itsva - yakakurumbira PCA.

An zvakawanda kuratidzwa, hwakaratidza panguva vakasununguka kuratidzwa inoita vashanyi ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro zvombo zvoutachiona, kubvira XVI remakore nhasi. The miziyamu zvinosanganisira dzakaunganidzwa kuhondo dulnozaryadnogo ivhu, automatic, mitambo, kunovhima nezvimwe zvombo. Uyezve, kunewo chikuru numismatic muunganidzwa, iyo ine zvaiva nechokuita nechitendero ichi uye kunofanira kuyeukwa Medals, mamiriro mibayiro uye Badges.

Ndirwowo penheyo zvinyorwa uye rinodhindira. Kwete mudukusa zvinoda kuti hwakajeka collection - richiswedera otomatiki zvombo yokunyora nokudhirowa kwayo kushongedzwa. Above pavo vakadaro anozivikanwa vaimbi I. V. Scherbino uye V. P. Gustov. Nokuti anodhinda mabhuku anosanganisira magazini dzawanikwa maoko fekitari pakupera ari XIX remakore: ". Ishe muunganidzwa" "atirari Journal" uye Kunosanganisirawo mabhuku enhoroondo misoro pamusoro zvombo uye siginicha yangu ndichipa vanhu vane gunsmiths nomukurumbira N. F. Tokareva uye M. T. Kalashnikova.

A nhamba chenhau tsika anovhara kuunganidzwa atirari. Rinomiririrwa mu huru pfuti dhiramu ivhu, izvo chinoita kwazvo mubereko uye anoita zvirambe zviri vashanyi kuti miziyamu.

Museum "Necropolis Demidov kuti"

Achitaura kuona Tula, hazvibviri haana kuyeuka Demidov, vanozivikanwa sezvo imba yose maindasitiri makuru. In mhuri dzavo vaiva magweta, masoja, vanyori, vaimbi, gunsmiths, masayendisiti, vanoyamura uye vabatsiri nyore. Demidov akafamba munyika yose uye dzakaunganidza Antiques uye mabasa ounyanzvi.

Pakuyeuka imba youmambo muna 1996, kuchengeta makore 340 kubva pakaberekwa Tula mupfuri uye gunsmith ND Demidov akavaka dzakaitika-chirangaridzo miziyamu "Necropolis Demidov kuti". Its hwaro ndiye guva yemadzitateguru, iri Nicholas-Zaretsky Church.

The miziyamu kwamagwaro ine nemamwe matongo nzvimbo muguva. It akawana yakasiyana mufananidzo vamiririri vemhuri Demidov, mimwe maoko XVI-XVIII emakore, nemidziyo yemhangura uye Forogo, Banga Nechipunu pamusoro XVIII remakore, kujairika chaishandiswa zvinhu lock- Hardware Fisheries uye mumwe mukuru muchadenga zvinhu - the astrolabe. zvinhu zvose izvi vari miziyamu "Necropolis Demidov kuti" uye vakafumura rokuongorora.

Samovar uye nhoroondo yaro kugadzirwa

Rimwe dzinonakidza kwazvo maguta vashanyi kunokonzeresa anoramba Tula. Samovar muRussia nhasi riri chokuita muguta, sezvo pagara achiita mazano akanakisisa. Ndosaka pane miziyamu "Tula samovar". Vavariro yake - kuenzanisira vaenzi nhoroondo iyi, uyewo kuratidza maererano ounyanzvi.

The miziyamu inoratidzirwa inoumbwa dzakaunganidzwa 300 Exhibits dzinotaurwa munhoroondo uye zuva nezuva manyorerwo. Somuenzaniso, imwe samovar hurongwa A. Yu Parichko pamwe bvisika chake Fuel chisingawanzowaniki mu showrooms Russian kana private akaunganidzwa, asi miziyamu "Tula samovar" iwe vakasungwa kuwana kopi. Heino nzwisa yokutanga Most Ancient Tula fekitari Lisitsyns 1800.

Pano vashanyi vachawana vakasiyana samovars kubva isingambofungirwi zvinhu: regirazi, porcelain, nembariro, huni, ivhu, nemakwati uye kunyange shuga. Museum vatungamiriri vachavatumidza kuratidza vaenzi mamwe marudzi vodogreek: samovar-kofi muhari, ari samovar, sbytennyk uye nemamwe mienzaniso Soviet Union. saizi yavo kunokosha. The miziyamu sezvo chihombe retafura semidesyatilitrovye uye tudukuduku samovars akaverenga matatu chete madonhwe emvura.

Tula gingerbread

Achitaura Tula, hazvibviri haana kuyeuka nyika yakakurumbira Tula gingerbread. Vachikudza delicacy ichi muguta akatanga miziyamu zvakafanana zita. Pashure kushanyira pano, vashanyi vachadzidza nhoroondo kwegadziriro rinonaka zvihwitsi, ayo nemakore kutsika. Madziro miziyamu kuchengeta zvakavanzika zvizhinji, kusanganisira sei kuti zvechokwadi, chetsika iyi nharaunda gingerbread. Tula, panzira, kwagara inozivikanwa ayo anoshamisa zvinonaka. Mukuru wavo kuburukira nhasi, zvakanzi rakagadzirirwa muna 1685.

Nemhaka kushanyira miziyamu, uchadzidza pamusoro zviitiko munhoroondo Russia, uye zvikurukuru, pamusoro guta rakanaka zita Tula. Chii kutsvaka vana? Ndipindure mubvunzo uyu nyore chaizvo - the miziyamu "Tula gingerbread". Vachafara vanofarira chaizvo kunzwa pamusoro zvakabikwa iyi yakakurumbira zvinhu, kutarisa whimsical gingerbread mifananidzo.

Kuwedzera, zvikafadza vaduku vashanyi pakupera iri revashanyi vose vakakokwa kuti anoravira twakadai tii. Uyewo pano unogona kutenga mhando dzose dzinonaka zvipo, akadai kwaziso, anokudzwa, kureva, munhoroondo kana yezororo.

zvitubu

Kana uchizopa zororo pamwe nevana vari kupisa mwaka, iva nechokwadi kuti kushanyira Tula matsime. Muguta pane anenge makumi mana. Mapfumbamwe vavo ikozvino vari pasi kuvakwa.

Chinonyanya mukurumbira vari vaviri zvinoyangarara retsime, iri Upa River muna Zarechensky zambuko. Vari riri chinhambwe kubva mumwe kuitira kuti vanogona kuonekwa famba kwete chete pane zambuko kana murwizi, asi nokubva nemahwindo of Tula State Museum of Zvombo. Nechipiriso matsime spew jets mvura kuti kureba mamita matatu kumusoro rwizi pevhu. matsime Similar anogona kuwanikwa Nzvimbo chete muna gumi muna Russian Federation.

Tula - vezera Moscow. Ndokusaka pachava zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza. Saka, chii kuona? Kuwedzera Tula Museum ane nhoroondo Zvivako vakazvitsaurira kuna zvikuru vanhu, temberi dzakawanda dzekare uye kunyange necropolis. Uyezve, iwe uchava mukana kuedza keke chaiyo. Tula anofara nguva dzose kugamuchira vaenzi. Russian ose vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti kuva zororo rakanaka, kwete hazvo enda kugungwa uye dzimwe plesieroorde, nekuti muRussia pane zvinoshamisa nzvimbo vakakodzera dzako.