Kupatsanura, marudzi uye okunze kunayisa. Climate uye mhando kunayisa

Mhando okunze kunayisa dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa muzvinyorwa pedyo chokuita pfungwa "mamiriro okunze". Zviri zvinhu izvi zvinokosha kana tikafunga zvinhu imwe nharaunda.

Shoko rokuti "Mamiriro okunze" chinorehwa ezvinhu zvomumhepo pane imwe nzvimbo. Paumbwe mhando okunze, ndekwechigarire anoenderana zvinhu zvizhinji, vane mitemo rokuratidzwa yavo. The chete zvinhu hazvigoni kuchengetwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mhando okunze kunayisa dzaisiyana mumakondinendi ose apasi.

Okunze dzingave dzawirwa zvinhu zvakadai zuva nemwaranzi, mumhepo kumanikidzwa, mwando tembiricha, kwemvura, mhepo negwara uye simba, cloudiness, zvokuyamura.

Climate

Long-rokuti mamiriro okunze - ndiyo okunze. A chinokosha simba pamusoro payo inoshandura uwandu rezuva kupisa kupinda pepasi. Nhamba iyi zvinoenderana mumhu zuva masikati - Latitude. Mukuru Huwandu rezuva kupisa awakawana neequator kuti mapango, ukoshi ichi kunoderedza.

Ndirwowo chinhu chinokosha kufurira ekunze, ndicho yakawiriranwa zvinoitwa munyika uye gungwa, iyo unokubvumira govera zvomumvura uye Continental marudzi okunze.

Marine (Oceanic) okunze cho mugungwa, zviwi uye kumahombekombe zvikamu kondinendi. Izvi mhando yokusafa duku wepagore nokufamba zuva mumhepo tembiricha uye chinokosha uwandu mumhepo kunayisa.

Continental Climate dzinoratidzwa Continental zvikamu. Chakarurama Continental yakaoma kunoenderana paavhareji pagore mhepo tembiricha nokufamba.

Chimwe chinoita kuti mamiriro okunze, unogona kudana dzomugungwa. kutsamira zvinoonekwa vachinje mhepo vakawanda tembiricha. Vane hunhu yavo sezvo kunonaya uye mamiriro pedyo munyanza.

Ndicho tembiricha mhepo - zvinotevera chinhu, ane simba pamusoro ekunze uye mamiriro haagoni dzakanaka. Kuchinja zvinhu kusika chafariz emuchina mhepo nevezera, achiumba mukuru uye vakaderera mumhepo kumanikidzwa wongoramba. Akati zvikamu zvaive mhepo guru. The siyana hunhu vasangana mhepo gobvu rinoumbwa mumhepo mberi, iyo inozivikanwa cloudiness, kwemvura, mhepo nokukurumidza uye kuwedzera tembiricha shanduko.

A kunzwisisa kusakarongeka ari pamusoro zvinhu rinoumbwa mune zvimwe mundima mhando mamiriro okunze.

Govera izvi okunze mhando: Equatorial, dzinopisa monsoon, dzinopisa yakaoma, Mediterranean, subtropical yakaoma, unozvidzora mugungwa, unozvidzora Continental, mwero monsoon, kunyunguduka uye neArctic kana Antarctic.

Climate mhando. A tsananguro pfupi mhando dzose okunze

Equatorial mhando kunoratidzwa wegore negore avhareji tembiricha mukati 26˚S, + yakawanda kunayisa rose gore, hunodzorwa noushamwari uye nyorovera mhepo vakawanda uye kuparadzirwa munzvimbo ine mudunhu Africa, South America uye Oceania.

Marudzi kunayisa iri zvakananga novimba nharaunda. Below isu funga mhando okunze, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva dzinopisa ezvinhu.

Types inopisa

Weather kupote nyika zvikuru siyana. Tropical monsoon Climate mhando ine zvinotevera unhu: tembiricha muna January - + 20 ° C, muna July - + 30ºC, 2000 mm kunonaya, hunodzorwa monsoons. Hazvina kwakapararira muSouth uye South-East Asia, West uye Central Africa, Northern Australia.

Tropical yakaoma Climate inozivikanwa January tembiricha + 12˚S, July - + 35 ° C, zviduku kunonaya mukati 200 neMM, kutengeserana mhepo achikunda. Akaparadzirwa North Africa, Central Australia.

Mediterranean mhando okunze zvinogona dzinoratidzwa zvinotevera parameters: tembiricha muna January + 7˚S, muna July + 22˚S; 200 mm kunonaya muzhizha apo mukuru mumhepo kumanikidzwa richikunda Anticyclones muchando - madutu. Rakabudiswa muMediterranean okunze muMediterranean, South Africa, Southwest Australia, Western California.

Temperature kuverengwa yakaoma subtropical Climate siyana kubva 0˚S muna January kusvika + 40 ° C muna July, pamwe kwakadai okunze kunonaya hakuiti pfuura 120 mm mu pave yakaoma akatonga Continental mhepo guru. Muganhu kupararira pakati mamiriro ekunze mhando iyi - dzomunyika zvikamu makondinendi.

Unozvidzora mugungwa Climate kunoratidzwa zviratidzi kuti tembiricha kwakadaro kubva + 2 ° C kuti + 17˚S, mumhepo kunayisa pachiyero 1000 neMM, izvozvo kunoratidzwa westerly nemhepo. Iye rinoparadzirwa munharaunda yokumadokero zvikamu Eurasia uye North America.

Mwero Continental okunze inoratidza chinokosha musiyano nemwaka tembiricha: -15˚S - + 20 ° C, kunayisa mukati 400 neMM, uye kuwanda kumadokero mhepo pamusoro kati makondinendi.

Mwero monsoon rinoratidza unopinza zvakasiyana tembiricha -20˚S kubva January kusvika muna July + 23 ° C, kunayisa pa 560 neMM, kuvapo uye hwakapararira monsoon mabvazuva Eurasian.

Kana Sub-kweArctic tembiricha Climate mhando vari kuwanda kubva -25˚S kusvika +8 Distância à ° C, kunayisa - 200 neMM, mune imwe mhepo monsoon predominance nzvimbo - Eurasia uye North America.

Arctic (Antarctic) mhando, umo mune tembiricha yakaderera - -40˚S - 0˚S zviduku kunonaya - 100 mm Anticyclones - richiparadzirwa dziri mapazi Australia uye kweArctic Ocean.

Takurukura mhando, kudzikunda nzvimbo huru, rinorondedzerwa so makro kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuwedzera zvakanaka kudzidza meso- izvi uye microclimates chokuita nzvimbo zviduku pamwe mamiriro yakagadzikana okunze.

Chinonyanya kukosha yokuona nayo mhando okunze ndiyo Qualitative uye quantitative unhu kudonha akapiwa nzvimbo kuti kunayisa.

Precipitation dzavo mhando. Weather uye Climate pfungwa

climate Wenyika haisi yunifomu, uye kwete yokupedzisira basa iri kuridzwa ne quantitative uye Qualitative vanodzishayiwa kwemvura munharaunda. Zvinhu vanovimba iyo, anosarudza redunhu. Marudzi kunayisa kunobva zvinhu zvinotevera: kwomuviri chimiro, nzvimbo dzidzo, hunhu kurasikirwa, nzvimbo mavambo.

Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinhu.

Hunhu kunayisa chaiko

Mhando kunayisa dzinoiswa maererano nezvavanenge Hurumende:

1. Liquid, kusanganisira pfunha uye mvura.
2. Solid - izvi zvinosanganisira chando, bota, chimvuramabwe.

• Rain - mvura mumate. Ndicho mhando kunayisa kuti chinowa cumulonimbus uye Nimbostratus namakore.
• Pfunha rinonzi nemaziso mumate ose mwando kubva dhayamita zvishomanana hundredths ane millimeter, akawira kubva stratus kana gobvu bvungapfunga pane kutonhora pamusoro razero.
• The koshesa chimiro yakasimba residues ndiyo chando, mhando izvo vanoonekwa chando uye chando tsanga akawira kubva panguva yakaderera tembiricha.
• Grad - imwe nzira yakasimba residues muchimiro echando nezvimedu kukura 5-20 mm. Izvi mhando kwemvura, pasinei ayo mamiriro chikawira iri inodziya mwaka.

The matambudziko seasonality pamusoro mamiriro kunayisa chaiko

Zvichienderana nemwaka kunayisa inowira mune mamwe. Nokuti inodziya nguva kunoratidzwa marudzi anotevera: mvura, pfunha, dova, chimvuramabwe. In ekunze chando, chando zvinobvira, grits, chando, chando, chando.

Kupatsanura pakati kunayisa zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzidzo

In okumusoro akaturikidzana zvomumhepo vari kuumbwa mvura, pfunha, chimvuramabwe, bhari, chando.

Pasi kana pedyo pasi - dova, chando, pfunha chando.

The chimiro mumhepo kunayisa

By hunhu mumhepo kunayisa chinogona kukamurwa drizzling mvura uye midzi, zvakapararira. hunhu hwavo kunobva zvinhu zvakawanda.

Drizzling mvura vari refu uye une yakaderera zvikuru, rinorema dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira zvikuru, asi pfupi nguva, tiri midzi, kwakapararira monotonous kuchinyanya pasina kamwe nokufamba.

The hunhu uye yakawanda kwemvura, Chokwadi, sei okunze imwe nharaunda, izvo zvinozoita kunokanganisa zvinonyatsorehwa ekunze. In dzinopisa Somuenzaniso, mvura inogona kuonekwa mwedzi mishoma pagore. The vamwe kubikira zuva.

Climate kunonaya

Climate uye ekunze kunayisa mhando zvine chokuita zvakananga nomumwe. Zvinhu kuti itibatsire kugovera chando uye mvura, ndivo tembiricha, kufamba mhepo makore, zororo uye dzomugungwa.

Equatorial Climate mapazi kunoratidzwa kumusoro kunonaya munyika. Izvi imhaka dzakakwirira tembiricha yakakwirira mhepo mwando.

Akakamurwa mugwenga rakaoma uye nyorovera inopisa marudzi. climate munyika ine avhareji kunonaya, vari mukati 500-5000 mm.

Monsoon mhando kunoratidzwa yakakwirira kunonaya, kuti zvinobva munyanza. The mamiriro ekunze pano vane periodicity yavo.

Arctic ari murombo mune precipitates nokuda pamberi yakaderera ratinoona tembiricha.

Pahwaro inzvimbo yaigara ose okunze kunayisa chinogona kukamurwa:

• convection, iyo vakawanda munzvimbo with hot okunze asi anogona kuva unozvidzora zvikamu;
• mberi, akaumba pamusangano maviri mhepo negurumwandira zvakasiyana tembiricha zvakajairika unozvidzora uye kutonhora kwekunze mhando.

To muchidimbu

The Earth okunze, okunze maitiro uye mhando kunayisa - dzinokosha pfungwa kuti tava akaongororwa. On hwaro ichi tinogona kutaura kuti Pasi - ndiwo hurongwa mukuru, mumwe chinhu chiri zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kuvimba nevamwe. kunzwisisa uyu nyaya yokudzora kushandisa revatema nzira kuti funga okunze uye mhando kunayisa sechinhu zvoupenyu kufarira zvesayenzi. Chete nzwisisika kudzidza izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo yose masayendisiti zvakanaka.

Kwemvura, mhepo, ekunze uye mamiriro okunze - pfungwa izvi zvose zviri pedyo nepedyo. Kudzidza hazvibviri kupotsa kunyange mumwe zvikamu.