Chii kuoma nechando tembiricha iri doro?

Maererano vakawanda tsanangudzo, nechando chemvura pfungwa ndiye tembiricha kuchinja ane fuma kubva mvura ezvinhu kuti yakasimba. mamirire Izvi zvinoenderana chii fuma iri dzaserera (sezvamunoita) uye panguva ipi kumanikidzwa, sezvo hwepamusorosoro muedzo, hwepamusorosoro oma tembiricha. The inozivikanwa zvikuru fuma kuti kakawanda kubva emura kuti hwakasimba ndiEzekieri, ndiyo mvura. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhuwo mvura anova chando pa razero Celsius Zvisinei, ultrapure H ₂ O mumudziyo wakanaka anogona kuva mvura uye zvikuru chando, uyewo gungwa kuitika munhu muzvizhinji kuti munyu.

Other mvura vane yakasiyana siyana maitiro. Somuenzaniso, doro nechando kunongedzera kudzika zvikuru pane zvakafanana arşive vanhuwo mvura. Izvi imhaka yokuti mashoko aya ane yakaderera arambe achirema.

In zvachose mune mapoka inoverengeka alcohols, imwe neimwe ine zvayo mumuviri makemikari zvivako pachake. Nhasi, ndivo zvinotevera zvidzidzo:

- zvichienderana neuwandu mapoka hydroxyl (kubva monohydric kusvika polyhydric alcohols) ;

- zvichienderana sei yakazara yeHydrocarbon substituent (unsaturated, muganhu, inonhuwirira);

- zvichikonzerwa cyclic yeHydrocarbon substituent (alicyclic, cyclic);

- nhamba substituents panguva Arifa kabhoni atomu (chikuru - tertiary).

Somuenzaniso, nechando chemvura pfungwa pamusoro methanol doro, chokuita monohydric iri kubvisa 97 Celsius uye cyclohexanol - pamusoro kubvisa 42 ° ^C. Zvisinei, vakawanda kutsvaka injini rinowanika mubvunzo pamusoro ehupfumi nemvura, chikamu doro. The nechando tembiricha kuti ethyl doro (panyaya iyi) ndiko kubvisa 114 Celsius. pfuma iyi inoshandiswa pamba kusimbisa doro chezvinonhuwira doro rinodhaka kuti "kuwedzera dhigirii", uyewo kugadzirwa yechando "nezamerzayki" kuti motokari. Vamwe vatyairi akawedzera kuti girazi-panyaya iyi zvinogadzirisa pakati muzhizha mhando, kana yakavhenganiswa nemvura zvimwe zvikuru.

Cherechedza kuti havasi vose nemvura mukirasi iyi vari yakasimba ezvinhu chete ane simba kwazvo kutonhora. Somuenzaniso, doro nechando pfungwa phenyl carbinol (benzyl inonhuwirira doro) ndiko kubvisa 15 ° ^C.

Kana nokusingaperi kufarira kupatsanura pakati thermometers unogona kuona kuti pane thermometers, kumhanya pamusoro doro anotsanangura. kureva pachinzvimbo electronic mashandiro kana mudziyo rine nemekiyuri doro. thermometers aya zvinowanzoshandiswa apo zvakakodzera kuyera yakadereresa tembiricha iri mumhuri zvakatipoteredza. Somuenzaniso, kuSiberia, apo kakawanda frosts anosvika 50-60 inegumi. Pano munhuwo thermometers haagoni kushanda nemazvo nokuti nemekiyuri nechando tembiricha iri pamusoro kubvisa 38 ^° C Dzidza pamusoro chii une lämpömittari, unogona Chipendai ari mbiru yacho lämpömittari. Kana sirivha, ari nemekiyuri mukati. Asi tsvuku bhaa anoratidza tinted doro mhinduro. thermometers kwakadaro anowanzoshandiswa kuyera kwokunze tembiricha. Kunyange kana mumugwagwa achava -45 ^{° C,} iyo chikwata hauzokundikani, nekuti doro oma tembiricha dererei zvikuru.