Chii kuhondo kana basa, pamusoro zvatinoziva hapana

Hapana irked matunhu ari serfs sezvo kugara tichitya inotevera kuhondo. Pasina kutarisa ari SWEDERA kururamisira "wakaiswa", pasi nokutyisidzirwa tsamba soldiery zvakazoonekwa kuti mumwe vemunharaunda pakuti jaya pakati 17 uye 32 makore. The chete chinodiwa raiva hutano pinza mumuviri, akatsunga pamusangano zvakanaka kwazvo kuongororwa, anoita kukudza compositors aPetro. Saka, hondo haana kwete chete "zvirema, makakombama uye humpback", asiwo "Chipped" uye une pachena urema chitarisiko.

Kubva munhoroondo kuhondo

Saka chii chiri basa rechiuto zvavo? Kutanga ichi unotyisa asi zvakakodzera kuti yokutambudzika wakaiswa, kureva XVII remakore. Kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo musimboti kuhondo zvakare kubva mubvunzo. Inotungamirwa zvavo Masoja uye aikudzwa, of the dragoon mauto panguva iyoyo akaenda vakaungana kubva Estates zvose "datochnymi vanhu." Kusiyana mufananidzo mijenya yaidzorwa dzakwidzwa kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo Petrine seti havana systemic, uye kusarudzwa chakaitika, Ungangove, maererano zvaiita kuparadzana ayo pamisara munhu, hazvina kudaro zvakakodzera kuti nzanga.

Nenzira, nheyo "gwai dema", haana kusiya kushanda kwavo uye pave paya, kana muna 1705 akaridza shoko idzva - "kuhondo". Zvisinei, mumwe ruramisiro zvokuchinja itsva vachiri kwakanga. Munharaunda ichiri munzvimbo akasiyana mitemo youmambo sezvo uchida, asi ushingise aimbova mhinduro vakanga kuchengetwa. A vaiendeswa zana zvino hapana asingasviki 80% yevanhu vakanga vasina mhuri, uye chete shoma, nekuda hazvitaurwi zvikonzero, uye nechirevo pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda kunokonzeresa akasiya mhuri dzimwe nguva dzakawanda. Asi kururamisira ichi yakaguma muna 1757, apo chinhu pamusoro asingabati nzvimbo vakatamira zvachose pakuda muripo-offs.

General Misimboti kuhondo ungano

Kusvikira 1736 kuhondo kupinda mhinduro wokuRussia kuti zvishoma, asi zvisingashanduki misimboti:

• kuwira makirasi zvose, zvisinei mukirasi kukosha pasi payo;
• vavanakomana kwamachinda pasi kuhondo nezita pamwe Specification pamusoro jaya anenge kunze mukana chemwenje panzvimbo yake mumwe munhu. Asi vanhuwo zvavo, uyewo nguva dzose, zvachose novimba kuda munharaunda, pfungwa murindi vaiendeswa matikiti nounyanzvi zvakadaro kuti "chivharo dzvuku" kunokonzeresa bezloshadniki kana vakaipa vakawa. Kana chete isa mubvunzo uyu kuti General Meeting;
• Service iri hapana nguva yakanga - kusvikira murume aiva panyama kushingaira uye kugona kutakura basa, zvaionekwa somurwi;
• hapana wakaiswa mitemo kuti kana kuti kuisa uye vangani vanhu vane nhamba mhuri (Estates, nharaunda) kuti kusarudza hakuna nokuda default. Mumwe seti akasika ezvinhu matsva, maererano iyo, uye rakapedzwa pamwe nehondo.

With 1736 akauya neropafadzo yokutanga nokuda anokudzwa vana - vane chisarudzo mhuri kanzuru yakaitwa, hama vanoshumira basa, uye anoona munhu purazi guru. Uye basa idzva iri nguva - makore 25, vakanga kudzoka upenyu rehurumende achiri "mu noupwere." Mumwe makore 26 aifanira kutambura vanokudzwa "lightweight" muchiuto mamiriro, akadai Chirevo 1762 mutoro mhosva inochengeterwa chose pamafudzi vanhuwo zvavo. Mugore iroro pane zvishoma nezvishoma zvemari kuti rusununguko kubva pabasa ropafadzo makirasi, uyewo vanhu.

Kumanikidzwa Kupinda Muchiuto pasi Nicholas I

Ushe Nicholas I, zvinokosha kugadziridza mashoko dzebasa, iro anonyanya zvinoratidzwa ya vari mauto - saka, muna 1872, yemauto upenyu hwakanga kare makore 7, pamusoro basa rechiuto pasi Peter 1, vanobvuma kuti yaiva mutero muduku unyanzvi.

Charter kubva 1831 akabvumira zvinenge abhadhare hondo kubhadhara nomumwe zvidikanwi jaya 1000 rubles. Asi zvakanga chete chiduku yamashekeri uchi, sezvo bumbiro pave hurongwa mutsva sezvinotevera:

• Kumanikidzwa Kupinda Muchiuto vanofanira zvino aitwe gore negore;
• varume chiuru kuva pasi zvakafanira gore atore nyore vanhu vashanu pagore hakufaniri kunowedzera - kubva vanhu 7 kusvika 10 uye vanopfuura nhamba iyoyo - pamakore akatambudzika.

The kurwisa uori muchiuto

Pre-guessing mubereko kuti zviremera zvemo acharatidza kuti nuances ari mitemo mutsva, Nicholas Ndakafunga pamusoro kutonga link mufananidzo mumwe munhu. Kusarudza dzakawira mukuru Gendarmerie Corps pakati Count Benkendorf, ane zita ava anenge shoko imba. Count pakarepo pavakatambudzwa nokugadzwa uye vakaratidza isingawanzowanikwi kunyatsoshanda nokupa ose mudonzvo mukuru vanopinza kuvapo.

The risira simba, ndiro Muoni kumeso mukuru aiva nekodzero kushuma chero notupukanana kana pamusoro vanopiwa zano kutyorwa zvakananga mubatsiri wamambo. Nokuda ichi chisingatarisirwi danho, kushumira pamberi kusarudzwa vaiendeswa akanga disadvantageous kwete chete, asiwo ngozi.

Mauto Saka, hondo zvino!

Chii zvino kuhondo, uye zvakabatana sei mamiriro ezvinhu pari? Panguva chii pavaipfuura hondo wokuRussia akapfuurira hurumende yezvisikwa basa, "obyazalovka" sezvo zvino vanoti, zvechiuto uye sei mapiro Kurovedza wamapoka edu?

1874 inogona segwapa sezvo pakuguma nguva kuhondo. makore 169 chakavapo uto simba kupfuura munyika, ndine nguva kuumba panguva ino kunoita Russia inotsigira zvakadaro kure.

Basa rechiuto pasi Peter 1 kusvika kumusoro guru muna 1725 - ipapo dzairinda nzira kuti hurumende 200 zviuru varwi ..

Katatu kupfuura kuti, rakanga raitirwa pavaipinda muNyika ndima yedu Napoleon nemauto - kubva 1805 kusvika 1812.

The Crimean War awana zvikuru kusvikira zvisingaoneki reserves - rimwe uye vanhu miriyoni nechidimbu kubva pakutanga hondo uye varwi 300 zviuru zvakawanda -. To nemagumo. Chii kuhondo kuti nguva, unogona kutaura - nhamba vanotaura pamusoro pavo chikumbiro rave anenge nokudenga.

Kupona kutambura Russia akadaro akanga ari muhondo yeRussia-Turkish - uye zvakare zvakaita inounganidzwa pasi bayonets mumwe nehafu miriyoni-ndinoiitawo masoja uye vatariri.

Zvino uwandu mauto eRussia kuenzaniswa nguva mukupera XIX remakore, kureva, zvinoreva kugara akagadzirira kumeso munhu simba, mumwe millionth akafanana, uye zviri munguva dzorugare uye rinozivikanwa kuvimbika vanopinza masangano, pamusoro izvo aisa munhu munondo Damocles Count Benkendorf.

nzira iyi inotungamirwa mauto - wegore rokumanikidzirwa muchiuto - zviri vakasiyana "kuda mhosva", kuhondo, uye kuti ndiye, munoona, mumwe gore kupinda muuto utsinye ano pamusoro "akabvumira" Makore 25 Petro mhosva uye nomwe basa makore ne "nyoro" Nicholas chemhosva?