Chii chinonzi kurapa genetics chinodzidza

Genetics isayenzi inodzidza zvinhu zvakadaro zvisikwa zvipenyu sehupenyu uye kuchinja. Sezvazvinozivikanwa, iyo nzvimbo huru yehupenyu hupenyu hunoparadzanisa kubva kune husina simba ndeyokugona kwayo kubereka. Chimwe chimiro chinokosha, chinonzi hutano, chinosanganisira kudzokorora, kureva, kukwanisa kubereka rudzi rwavo. Pakati pevamwe, vamiririri vemarudzi ose vari kufanana nemadzitateguru avo kune vamwe vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana.

Zvisinei, mhando imwe neimwe ine unhu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekusiyana, nokuti kunyange vana vomunun'una havakwanisi makopi chaiwo. Zvose zviviri izvi - hutano uye kusiyanana - zvakadzidzwa nesayenzi yezvinyorwa zve genetics, iyo inosanganisira zvikamu zvizere uye zvinyorwa. Kana nyaya yekudzidza zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvema genetics inotsvakurudza pamusoro peshoko rekuzvarwa, kufungidzirwa kweDNA molecules, marongerwo emasikirwo uye kushanduka kwawo, zvikamu zvepachipiri zvakazvipira pakuzivikanwa kwemaitiro akawanda mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa zvipenyu.

Human genetics ndiyo inotungamirira zvikamu zvakavanzika. Nzvimbo idzodzo dzine hanya nehutano hwomunhu uyu dzinodzidzwa nehutano genetics. Basa guru rebazi iri resainzi nderokuzivisa basa rekuberekwa kwemashoko muzviitiko uye maitiro ezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvirwere izvo zvirwere zvechiremba zvinodzidza, zvakakamurwa kuva zvakakodzera nhaka uye maitiro akawanda. Ikutanga inosanganisira chromosomal (inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwenhamba yekromosomes kana mararamiro avo) uye geni (nemhaka yekuchinja kwemajini) chirwere. Kana kushanduka kuripo kune imwe geni, chirwere chakadaro chinonzi monogenic.

Multifactorial inoreva zvirwere, izvo kune zvakagadzirirwa nhaka. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvevanhu. Kuonekwa kwezvirwere zvakadaro kuvanhu, kuwedzera kune zvakaipa zvisingaiti kunze, zvinoshandiswa nemamiriro emajini akawanda, anogona kuverengwa mumakumi nemazana.

Chiremba genetics seSayenzi yakagadzirirwa kuongororwa zvirwere zvekuzvarwa, kuongorora kupararira kwavo mumasangano akasiyana-siyana uye emadzinza, kurayira varwere nemhuri dzavo, kuita zvinodzivirira zvirwere zvesimba, uye kudzidza zvidzidzo zvepathogenesis uye etiology yezvakadaro.

Kuti kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiwana, kliniki yemageneti inoshandisa chikonzero chekuberekwa (kureva,, kubata pamuviri) kuongororwa. Basa revanachiremba nderokuziva nguva yakakwana yezvinhu zvose zvinogoneka zvepathogenic uye kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuitika kune dzimwe zvirwere mumwana anouya, zvichienderana nehutano hwevabereki vanogona. Saka, zvinokosha zvakanyanya kune vakaroorana vachitarisira mwana kana kungoita kuronga pamuviri, kuti vawane ruzivo rwakakwana rwehutano hwavo uye kuziva zvose zvinokonzera ngozi. Kubatanidza zvakakosha kuzivikanwa uye kuzivisa vanachiremba nezverwere dzinotambura mumhuri (zvose munguva yemberi baba naamai), nezvimwewo.

Munyika dzakabudirira, genetics nemishonga inoshanda indissolubly. Kuve nehanya nehutano hwemunguva yemberi (mukaro) uye kuvapo kwezvirwere zvakaberekwa mumhuri nguva refu vasati varoorana. Munyika dzinoverengeka, chiremba chechiremba ibhuku rinofanira kubhadhara muchato.

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, chiremba chinonzi genetics chave chichigadzirisa chaiyo mukugadzirwa kwayo. Kubudirira kukuru kwaiva kugadziriswa kwechimiro chemajeni evanhu, kusarudzwa kwemajeni ose nekugadzirisa kwema molecular maprotestine akawanda. Iye zvino masayendisiti ari kunyatsodzidza hukama hwemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzezvirwere nezvirwere zvakasiyana, izvo munguva yemberi zvinopikira kuve nekugadzirwa kwenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa zvirwere zvechizvarwa uye kudzivirira kubatanidzwa kwezvirwere izvo munhu anogadziriswa.

Basa rechiremba chero ripi zvaro rakakosha ndiyo chirevo chenguva yakakodzera chechiremba ane hutano hwekuzvarwa, kutarisa chimiro chayo uye kutaurira murwere kuchipatara chakakodzera chakakosha.