Chii chinonzi 30 yeAugust zororo muTurkey

Munyika yedu musi waMay 9 - Zuva Rokukunda revarwi veSoviet pamusoro peFascist Germany - inokosha uye iri pedyo nevose. Pazuva iri risingakanganwiki zvakawanda zviitiko zvinotarisirwa, zvakagadzirirwa kumutsidzira zviitiko zvemazuva iwayo muchiyeuchidzo, kukudza chirangaridzo chevakafa. MuTurkey, zvakare, kune zuva rakadaro, rinoremekedzwa navanhu varo, uye nhoroondo yaro inofadza uye inotyisa.

Mazororo eSuzhinji muTurkey

Mukuwedzera kune mazororo ezvitendero zvakadai seRamadan neKurban Bairam, kune hukama husina hanya munyika muno. Saka, musi waJanuary 1, vaTurkey vanopemberera Gore Idzva, uye musi waFebruary 8 - Zuva rekurukuru na vanasekuru; April 23 - Zuva revana, Svondo rese yechipiri muna May vanhu veTurkey vanoremekedza vanaamai. Zuva rekuyeuka kwaMustafa Kemal Ataturk (muvambi wezvinoTurkey nyika) uye Zuva Rokuyaruka neMitambo - May 19. Uye musi waGumiguru 29 - mutambo wakatsaurirwa kugamuchirwa kwehurumende ne republic. Pakupedzisira, musi waAgasti 30, Zuva Rokukunda muTurkey rinochengetwa. Ngatitaurire zvakawanda pamusoro pezvakaitika kare.

Nhoroondo: kutanga kwehondo

Ipapo hutongi hweOttoman hwaive umwe wevatori vechikamu veHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kune rumwe rutivi rweItaly, Germany neAustria-Hungary. Zvisinei, iyo yakaoma yezvematongerwo enyika uye zvematongerwe enyika yakaita kuti hurumende ikwanise kugumisa nharo nenyika dzeEntente.

Chibereko chechibvumirano ichi chaiva kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzeArabia, Syria, Palestine, Armenia neMesopotamiya neumambo. Mukuwedzera, iyo Entente yakavimbisa Girisi kuti iyi yekupedzisira ichazotora nyika yekumadokero yeAsia Minor neEastern Thrace, iyo yaiva nzvimbo yevaGiriki, asi iyo yakanga iri pasi pekutonga kweUtoman Empire.

Nenguva isipi mauto eGreece, Armenia neEntente nyika dzakapinda munharaunda yeramangwana Turkey. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti hondo iyi yakarwiwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakakwirira - kudzorerwa kwe "Greater Greece", kureva, kuwedzera kwenharaunda dzayo kusvika pakukura kweMambo weByzantium - iyi ndiyo yaiva nheyo yezvematongerwo enyika evanhu vechiGiriki kubva pamakore makumi matatu ezana remakore re XIX.

Pakati peMay 1919, uto reGreek rakasvika pedyo neSmirna (Asia Minor), uye vaTurkey vakaramba. Nokudaro ndiko kwakatanga hondo yekutonga kweTurkey, iyo yakaitika muSoviet yakanzi Kemalist Revolution, yakatungamirirwa naMustafa Kemal Ataturk.

Mapoka emuvengi akatora nyika kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo:

• VaGiriki vakapfuura kumavirira;
• Mauto eItaly akauya kuAntalya;
• Mukumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwakanga kuri hondo yeFrance;
• Kumabvazuva - hondo yakabatana yeArmenia neBritish inopindira.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vapambi pavanenge vachinyanyisa kutumira kunze kwenharaunda yeOttoman nyika yekare, yakagadzirwa zvekuchera matongo. Nokudaro, mabasa mazhinji ebasa rekare echiGiriki anokwanisa zvino kuonekwa kwete munyika yavo yekare, asi muBritish kana muGermany museum.

Zvisinei, sangano rekusununguka pasi peutungamiriri hwaMustafa Kemal rakawana simba. Kusiyana nesimba reSultan, munaEpril 1920, Gungano Guru reNyika rakaumbwa. Basa rakanaka rakaitwawo nekutaura kwekuti mauto eFrance neItaly akazobviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kunyika, saka hondo huru dzakaitika pakati pemasoja eGreece neAtaturk.

Muna March 1921, chibvumirano chakagumiswa pa "Kubatana uye Ushamwari" pakati peTurkey neU.SR, vachiratidza kusununguka kwekutengeswa kwezvombo zvakakodzera uye rubatsiro rwemari kuvaTurks kubva kuSoviet Russia.

Hondo yeDumlupinar ndiyo Kuguma kweHondo yeIndamende yeTurkey

Gumiguru 26, 1922 hondo yakatanga kuDumlupinar, iyo yakaguma musi we30 wemwedzi iwoyo. Munguva yehondo, vaGiriki vakakundwa kukunda kukuru: vamwe vavo vakafa, vamwe vakatorwa. Zuva Rokukunda muTurkey ndiro zuva rokupedzisira rehondo iyi. Icho chiratidzo chekusunungurwa kwevanhu veTurkey kubva kune vanoita zvekupindira kune dzimwe nyika. Uye musi waAugust 30 - holide muTurkey mukuyeuka kweizvi.

Mushure mokukundwa kwekudarika paDumpplinar, zvisikwa zveuto rechiGiriki zvakamira kuSyrna. Asi musi waSeptember 9, pakanga pane vatori vese veTurkey. Manheru manheru guta rakatsva moto, vanhu vemauto vakaurayiwa. Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvinotaura pamusoro pehuwandu hwevakafa pazuva rino rakaipa-kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika mazana maviri nezviuru. Uye kusvikira ikozvino, Turkey neGrisi vari kushandurana mumwe wemumwe mutoro wekuuraya uku kwakaipa uye kusina maturo.

Mugumisiro wehondo ndeyekuti hutongi hwehurumende huri munyika hwakaparadzwa, uye sangano rekusununguko rwenyika rakatora simba mumaoko aro uye rakagadzira republic muTurkey. Uyewo muna 1923, chibvumirano cherugare chakasimbiswa, maererano nekutongwa kweTurkey sehurumende yakasununguka, uye iyo Entente yakaramba zvayo kune nyika dzeTurkey.

Mazuva ano anozvimiririra Turkey

Nhasi Turkey ndiyo nyika isina kubatana, mutungamiri wevatungamiri venyika-sachigaro (parliamentary uye mutungamiri wehurumende hurumende dzakabatanidzwa). Mutemo Waro (wechitatu kubva muna 1924) une zvinhu zvitatu zvisingachinji:

1. Nyika yeTurkey ndiyo republic.
2. Inyika, yezvematongerwe enyika, yepamutemo.
3. Rudzi, nyika, nyika inenge isingaoneki.

Mukuru wehurumende ndiye mutungamiri ane masimba makuru. Uye simba rekutonga, uyewo pakutanga kwebato rekusununguka, rinomiririrwa neGenerational National Assembly.

Ungapedza sei zororo muTurkey musi waAugust 30

Zafer Bayrami - Zuva Rokukunda - mutambo mukuru wenyika uye zuva rehurumende rekubuda munyika. Pazuva rino, mapurisa emasondo, makonti nemitambo yakakodzera inoitwa. Kazhinji, August 30 ihozhe muTurkey, apo mutambo weJanischarian unotamba, iyo chiratidzo chokubatanidza chekuyeuka kukunda kwehondo yenyika. Vanhu vanoisa maruva pa mausoleum yeAtatürk. Mapuranga ehurumende nemifananidzo ye Mustafa Kemal inowanikwa kwose kwose.

VaTurkey vanokudza nhoroondo yavo uye mauto-vakasununguka avo vakapa rusununguko kune hurumende, naizvozvo August 30 ihotera muTurkey, inokosha uye inoremekedzwa nevegari vayo.