Chii chinobatanidza kuwirirana? Aina dze flange connections. Flanged connections muzvigadzirwa

Flange connections inowanzoshandiswa mumhizha. Vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye simba rezvivakwa zvakaungana. Basa rekubatana kwehutano zvakakosha, nokuti chisungo chisina kusimba chinogona kutungamirira kune kurasikirwa kukuru uye kutyisidzira vashandi vebasa. Chinhu chikuru chekubatanidza i flange. Ichi chikamu ndechesimbi yesimbi uye inopa hukama hunogara hwakasimba uye hwakasimba . The flange yakawana kushandiswa kwayo mumunda wepayipi yekuendesa, mahofisi emaspala. Pamusana pekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira kwayo, inova inenge inenge yose yezvinhu zvepipeline.

Aina dze flanges

Kune mapaipi emagetsi , nhamba yakawanda yezvigadzirwa zvechikamu ichi zvakasimbiswa. Zvose zvinosanganiswa ne flange zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera - flanges, gaskets, fasteners. Basa guru iro rakapiwa purogiramu iyi ndiko kubatana kwezvikamu zvepipeline kana kuwedzerwa kwemichina yekuwedzera kumipopi. Mafudzi akaparadzaniswa kuva maitiro zvichienderana nemiganhu yakasiyana-siyana. Nekugadzira, ivo vakakamurwa kuva:

• Whole;
• Free.

Misiyano iripo muchokwadi chokuti iyo inobatanidza flanges pamwe chete nemuviri inotarisana nemutoro mumwechete. Izvo zvinobudiswa pamwe chete nesimbi mukugadzira kana kutsika, uyewo kusanganiswa kunogona kuitwa nekugadzira. Kana iri yekusununguka, iyo iyo diski yakabatanidzwa kune welded flange kana flanged pipe. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinokanganisa uye zviremera. Zvipfeko zvakasununguka zviri nyore kuungana, zvigadzirwa zvazvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kusanganisa mabheji emakwenzi. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndiyo simba rakaderera uye kuomesera kudarika iyo yevamwe flanges anokosha.

Kuparadzaniswa kwemafudzi kune zvavakashandisa:

• Nekugadzira uye mapaipi. Flanged kuwirirana kwepipelines yemhando iyi inoshandiswa kumarudzi ose nemapazi emitopi, kutakura uye dzimba nemasangano ehurumende.
• Kune midziyo nemagadzirirwo, makemikisi akadaro anoshandiswa pakuchenesa mafuta, zvigadzirwa zvekushisa zvirongwa, uyewo nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza.

Maitiro

Zvose zvidimbu zvakakamurwa kuva mhando dzakasiyana, zvichienderana neGOST nekushanda:

1. Molded flanges, inogadzirwa sechikamu chimwechete nemuviri. Vanogona kukandirwa kunze kwesimbi kana kutura simbi.
2. Sirasi flanges ine tambo pamutsipa. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvishoma uye zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakaderera pipelines.
3. Collar flanges. Icho chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa nesimbi, icho chinowanikwa nekunamatira kwehutu. Icho chinangwa chekororo flanges ndechokubatanidza mapaipi nemarefu uye mukati masimba. Kubatsira kworudzi urwu ndechokuti zviri nyore kuisa nekugadzirisa. Mukuenzanisa nemapapiro akavharidzirwa akafukidzirwa, ayo atinofunga nemashoko anotevera, anoderedza basa rekushanda kwekugadzira nemavhareji e20% uye muwandu wekushanda basa zvakapetwa kaviri.
4. Flanges yakagadzirwa zvakapfigira. Iyo yakaumbwa nesimbi uye zvakadaro flanged connections zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira mapaipi.
5. Free flanges. Iyi mhuka ine maitiro ayo uye yakakamurwa kuva matatu subspecies:

• Nehuro, vanoshandiswa pombiyuta nemashupiti ane utsinye, kubva pane iyo kirasi inodzivirira flange pachayo;
• Pombi ye flanged;
• Pamaketani eweld, anoshandiswa pamapipiro emidziyo isina-ferrous - mhangura uye zvinyorwa zvayo, aluminium, uye simbi isina tsvina;

Kushamwaridzana Kusarudza Options

1. Chimiro chekubatanidzwa kwe flange. Mafudzi anogona kunge akazara, oval kana rectangular.
2. Zvinyorwa zvitsva. Uhu hwayo hunofananidzwa nechomukati chikamu chegomba, kuburikidza nechomukati chichayerera.
3. Kuvakwa kwekugadzira. Iyi parameter inoronga marangire ekubatanidza, GOST 12815-80 inosanganisira matanho 9 akasiyana-siyana.
4. Kushingaira. Kubatanidza kunogona kumira kumanikidziro wepamusoro-chinetso, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa uye magero ejetometri e flange. Iyi parameter inowanikwawo nehurukuro yakakura yevhidhiyo.
5. Material. Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakaumbwa, carbon, alloy, simbi isina kushandiswa inoshandiswa. Nyaya yacho yakasarudzwa maererano nemamiriro ekushandiswa. Inogonawo kushandiswa uye inodhura masimbi.

Kuvharidza magetsi kuwirirana

Iko kusungirirwa kwekugadzirisa maruva kune zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kune dzimwe mhando uye inotora basa rekudzivirira kutenderera kwemazuva emagetsi, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kunopikisa electrochemical corrosion. Mazhinji emipayipi anoiswa pasi pasi, uko kunogona kwemazamu emvura kunokwanisika . Kazhinji, haisi mungozi kune pipeline yose pagedhi, asi inowanzova nengozi pane nzvimbo yekubuda. Kukonzera kwakadaro kunogona kutungamirira pakuparadzwa kwesimbi, kuumbwa kwekuputsana uye kuputika kwemvura yakatakurwa kana gesi, kusungirirwa kwekutsvaga kwegomba kunochengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera. Inosanganisira flanges, zvakasara zvisikwa gaskets, bushings uye fasteners. Isa chibatano ichi mumatambudziko anotevera:

• Pamuganhu wepayipi uye kuchinja kwayo kubva kumutengesi kumutengi;
• Apo bhanhire rekubatanidza kwemapapu rinoita kuti kuenzaniswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana kubva kwavanoitwa;
• Pamapayipi, ayo akaiswa mumunda wezvitubu zvemvura inoyerera;
• Pamugumo wenzvimbo yegaipi yepipeline, iyo yakabatana neipi yepipeline isina kuiswa;
• Pane zvikamu zvepasi zvegasi rekuisa zvivako.

Dzimwe mhando dzekubatanidza maruva

• Kuyera maruva ekubatanidza. Vanopa kuvhara kwepipeline mitambo nemichina yekuwedzera nemichina yekuyera.
• Mishonga inoshanda pasi pekumanikidzika kukuru. Nodhi dzakadaro dzinotakura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva pakugadzira maitiro. Nokudaro, kuti ave nechokwadi chehuwandu uye simba, pamwe chete nekugara kwenguva refu, huwandu hwakawanda hwemagetsi hunofanira kuonekwa panguva yekugadzirwa. Kurongedza zvidzidzo kunoitwa zvishoma nezvishoma muchitenderera uye mune imwe nzira. Nhengo dzeplange dzinogona kuramba dzakasimba kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwe-lens-type gasket. Kuti ushandise rudzi urwu rwe gaskets, inotanga kudikanwa kuti iite sandwe pasi uye gaskets uye mapaipi zvakananga. Nzira yakanakisisa yerudzi urwu yakasunganidzwa mazano e flange. Uyewo inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete ne lens gasket, flat metal.
  Izvo zvakanyanya kuwanda kwehutano hwe flange zvinosimbiswa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai sepakapfigira gaskets, zvakadai semhangura kana aluminium.

• Flange lock. Uku kuenderana maererano nekwakagadzirirwa zvakakwana kufanana ne flange, musiyano ndeyekuti panzvimbo yezvokugara zvakagadziriswa - mabhoti uye mapfundo, chinhu chinoshandiswa chinoshandiswa sechimiro chechidimbu chinomesa flanges uye chinomisa nemabhoti. Muzvibatanidza zvakadaro hapana mahuni pamwe chete nekukwirira kwemafudzi. Rudzi urwu rwakaratidzwa zvakajeka munharaunda dzinoda kukurumidza nekuvhara-periodic-connection. Shandisai munyaya iyi inogona kunge yakave yakasvibirira feldes flanges kana kupedzisira kugadzirwa kusvika pakupedzisira.

Flange fasteners

Kukwidziridza kwekubatanidzwa kwebhanhire nguva dzose kunokosha kusungirirwa. Nekugadzira mapaipi, fasteners zvakadai sehutti, nuts, mapini uye washers zvinoshandiswa. Sezvo kubatana kwebhanhire yemapipeline kune zvakarongeka zvakagadziriswa, zvinodiwa zvinosungirwa pazvisungo maererano nematafura anotevera:

1. Chitatu. Inogona kuva nehasha uye kwete. Kubva pane iyi nharaunda yechirongwa, kutsanya kunosarudzwa. Pamusana pezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa, zvinoshandiswa zvinowanikwa kusimbi ne-anti-corrosive properties. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kupfeka zvakakosha kudzivirira kupisa.
2. Kupisa. Pano, kutonhora kwemvura kana gesi inotakurwa nenzira iyi pipeline, pamwe nehurumende yekutonhora yezvakatipoteredza, inotora basa. Nyaya imwe neimwe ine ushuhuro hunoshanda hunosangana, maererano nezvakagadzirirwa chigadzirwa. Kana zvikara zvisingapfuuri -30 ° C, zviyero zvesimbi zvinowanikwa zvinogona kuitika , kutonhora kunotonhorera kunoshandiswa kutsika yakadzika.
3. Kushingaira. Iyo yakakosha kukosha kwekushanda kwekushanda, iyo yakakwirira masimeri inoshandiswa inofanira kunge iri mashoko akashandiswa, kubva pane zvidzidzo zvekubatanidza maruva.
4. Zviratidzo zvekutsvaga: thread thread, pitch, urefu.
5. Material. Sirasi iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvokugadzirisa zvigadzirisho zvepandeti zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvina:

• Carbon yesimbi yekushandiswa kwese, kushandiswa kwekushanda hakufaniri kudarika 200 ° C, uye hupamhi hupamhi - 48 mm;
• Dhoni yeCarbon, inoshandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekuwedzera kwakarurama, inotonhorera yekushanda haigoni kukura kupfuura 300 ° C;
• Dhoni yeCarbon ine huwandu hwehuwandu, zvakasimba kubva mubhuku rino zvinogona kushandiswa pamatambo anopfuura 450 ° C;
• Simba reAlloy, iro rinopisa rinopisa uye rinorwisa-corrosion.

Kushandiswa kwekashandiswa kwekusimudza

Chisarudzo chekutsanya chinokonzerwa nemiganhu yepamusoro, asi kune zvimwe zvisingakwanisi:

1. Kutsanya kunoshandiswa pakushanda kwepakati kusvika 25 kgf / cm hazvirevi kune chisarudzo chemhando yemhando. Kana iri kumanikidzika kunopfuura chiyero ichi, zviputi chete zvekubatanidza maruva zvinogona kushandiswa, kushandiswa kwetikiti kunorambidzwa.
2. Ikosi yesimbi ye "nutpin-nut" mbiri inogona kusarudzwa seyoyo, kana yakasiyana. Kana imwe nyaya inoshandiswa, simba remuti rinofanira kunge riri pasi pesimba rechidziro nemayuniti makumi maviri.

Pane pikisi inokosha yeGOST yekubatanidza maruva, maererano nezvinofananidzirwa mazita ekutsanya zvinosarudzwa. Chisarudzo chezviyero chinoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwebasa kune chidziro chichabudiswa pachena.

Gaskets

Iyi chikamu chinouya mune hutachiona hwekudzivirira hutsva kuitira kuti upe huwandu hunodiwa pakati pezvikamu. Gaskets yakakamurwa kuva marudzi akasiyana maererano nemamwe maparamendi. Zvichienderana nezvinobva pane zvavanenge vaitwa, zvinotevera zvinoratidzika:

• Metal;
• Non-metallic;
• Akabatanidzwa.

Kuparadzirwa kwemagetsi nekusimba:

• Elastic;
• Akaoma.

Iyi pfuma inogadzirisa zvinhu kubva pane izvo zvinokonzerwa nehutambo hwekubatanidza hunoitwa. Elastic inowanikwa pakubatanidzwa uye kwete mhando dzesimbi. Dhayi gaskets inonyanya kushandiswa kwesimbi, pamwe chete nedzimwechete, zvinowanikwa pane zvinhu zvakadai sefiber, hard rubber, paronite, nezvimwewo.

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zve gaskets

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, iyo gaskets yekubatanidza maruva inoparadzaniswa ichi:

• Flat (zvinogona kuva zvose zvesimbi, kwete-metallic uye zvakabatanidzwa), zvinoshandiswa mukubatana nepamusoro. Inenge yepakati yepamusoro ye gaskets inofanira kuva yakakura kudarika pombi yakamera ne 1-3 mm.
• Lens gaskets inogadzirwa nemakisi uye mabhazi emagetsi, anogona kunge ari maviri akaoma uye akaoma.
• Oval inopa chisimbiso chakavimbika, asi mutoro uri pamabhoti unenge wakaenzana. Kubatana kwechigadzirwa che gasket kunoitika kunze kwekunze kwemukati uye nechomukati nechomukati. Zvinyorwa zvepa gaskets ibhoni kana kuti isina tsvina.
• Corrugated gaskets inogona kuva yose yesimbi uye isina-metal. Izvo zvakagadzirwa neshinda yakapetwa yemhangura, simbi yakanyorova, sechinhu chisina kushandiswa chesimbi chinoshandiswa sebhasibheni reasbestos kana pepa. Iyo yakapeteredzwa mukati inofananidzwa nehupamhi hwebhanhire, uye hupamhi hwekunze hunorongedzwa nehutano hwehutsani.
• Kuvhura kunoreva kuwedzera gaskets. Iyi gasket ine zvinhu zvitatu-chikamu chepakati uye zvindori zviviri zvinodzivirira.
• Toothed gaskets, iyo zvinhu zve gaskets iyi inotsika-kabhoni kana kuti yakashandiswa. Chimwe chikwangwani chinoputika nemhando iyi ye gaskets inogona kushandiswa pamatambo asingasviki 480 ° C.

Nhamba ye flange connections

Mushure mekutarisa rudzi rwebhanhire, zvichienderana nechinangwa chayo, rudzi rwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa ne gasket, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nemuchina wacho, varimi vanosarudza kudikanwa kwakakosha kwechikamu nematafura chaiwo. Zvinowanikwa muGOST dzakafanana. Pasinei nekuti zvikamu zvacho zvikamu zvikamu, kazhinji pane chido chekugadzirwa kwemunhu. Nhamba yekuverenga inosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:

1. Kuenzanisa kwepurasitiki kuputsika pasi pekasira, izvi zvinoshanda kumakemikari anoshandiswa pamatambo ekudzivirira uye zvinetso.
2. Kubhadharira kwekunze kwekunamatira kwekanguva kunobva pamutoro pazvikwata. Iyi parameter inogadzirisa masimba emasimba e flange.
3. Kuenzanisa kwekushungurudzika kunokonzera, kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zvakasungirirwa.
4. Kusarudzwa kwemuti webhokisi, kusina kururama kunotsanangurwa iyi parameter inogona kukonzera kusarudzwa kwezvindori zvembambo pakati pemakona.

Kuenzanisa kwekubatanidza fungidziro kunofanirwa kutarisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutakura. Pane zvingasarudzwa zviviri - munyaya yokutanga, mutoro kubva pamabhoti unoshandiswa kune gasket, mumutambo wechipiri, mutoro wacho wakaparadzaniswa zvakakodzera pakati pe gasket uye rhete rekutsigira.