ChiConfucian uye chiTao: mativi maviri chete-China

The chitendero mukuru China akaberekwa panguva kuwa Zhou dzinza. Muna 5-3 emakore BC, ane simba uye simba ezvinhu yachinja kuva neboka feudal ukuru, nguva dzose kurwa mumwe nomumwe. The makirasi repasi, akabuda kuteerera, Vachiita sehari kufashaira mvura, uye ichi "kufashaira mvura" vakaberekwa mazana zvitendero uye nedzidziso. Naizvozvo, musangano pfungwa ouzivi pakuzivikanwa so "zvikoro zana." Asi akapona uye akabatwa vaviri chete dzidziso - chiConfucian uye chiTao. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvikoro izvi zviviri vava hwaro mumagariro uye zvechitendero nyika yose China. ChiTao anogona kunzi ane chitendero of China, apo dzidziso Confucius anodzora evanhu upenyu Chinese. Saka, zvikoro izvi kwouzivi mukwanisi mumwe, yave nemakore 2000 hwekutsanangura kuziva uye magariro evanhu vakawanda.

ChiConfucian zita pashure muvambi waro, Kung Fu-tzu. Nemhaka mamishinari echiKristu vakatanga kuridza zita se "Confucius." Confucius akararama mumakore 551-470 BC, kana nzira vokuChina hwachinja pamwe ateteguru bureaucratic. ChiConfucian uye chiTao, kunotsigira nyikadzimu, akabatsira kudzivirira mhirizhonga uye achaponesa Chinese hurumende pokuwa zvachose. Dzidziso Confucius 'anobva chokubudirira zvinoenderana pakati nyika uye vanhu. Confucius haazairangarira chitendero, kuongorora upenyu hwevanhu. It aidzora mhando shanu ukama kwakavakirwa nheyo "somwanakomana umwari", iro nhasi ndiyo hwaro Chinese tsika.

A nzvimbo nokukudzwa chiConfucian rakapiwa tsika dzakasiyana-siyana. Vakanga vakaungana rudzi "mitemo", waiva kutevera ose Chinese. Pasina kuomerera nenhungamiro chiConfucian munhu aigona kuita basa iri rinoitirwa. Asi vafundisi Mhemberero muna chiConfucian vakaitwa musoro wemhuri, machinda mambo, uye kunamatwa ehurumende yakanga yakaenzana Kudenga chitendero. Saka, chiConfucia, uye chiTao kudzora upenyu Chinese vanhu.

ChiTao akaberekwa kubva Semi-kunozivikanwa dzidziso Lao Tzu. Kunyatsogona padzidziso yake akavadudzira chakavanzika bhuku "Tao Te Ching". Chinangwa choupenyu hwevanhu Lao Tzu akaona kusafa, iyo runowanikwa vazviomesere uye introversion. Hwokuzvinyima, kurarama upenyu hwakarurama, inova munhu Tao - husingaperi chokwadi, Mwari uye zvinhu pakutanga. A nokuratidzwa Tao muupenyu chaihwo, hunhu zvinhu anonzi Vakafa. Taoist haana kuzvirega zvichikanganisa De uye haaedzi kuzvishandura. ChiTao, pfungwa huru iyo ndiyo pfungwa nhatu - rudo, kuzvininipisa uye nomwero - achiparidza "pfungwa dzisiri kupindira." Kungopeta maoko - ndiwo mutemo mukuru uye hwaro Taoist upenyu. Iye anoramba chero kuedza kushandura nyika uye kwako upenyu uye akatsaurira zvizere disengagement.

Sezvakaitika chiConfucian, chiTao, zvakare, pane yakanaka mamiriro. Muna Taoist iri nyika duku, kwete pane hondo, regai kuchinjanisa nevavakidzani vayo, uye magariro, uye upenyu hwomudzimu iyo inobva pana asiri chiito. In China, zvaanonzwisisa izvi zvave kukonzera dzakakurumbira yokumukira uye kumukira. munhu akakwana chiTao runoonekwa kuva munamati, uyo akazvipira kuita kusafa. Nokufamba kwenguva, chiTao iri huviri kwakajairika zvikamu - the kwouzivi uye zvechitendero, vane pakati pavo vari Misiyano. Religious dzinosanganisira mashura siyana uye Kudavira mashiripiti. Kuti akarisiya mirayiridzo akadai hwenyeredzi uye Feng Shui. nzvimbo Pamweya chiTao ndivo vakawanda dzemamongi.

Kwemazana emakore, chiConfucian uye chiTao, chiBhudha akaikunda. Kutsigira uye kureva mumwe, dzidziso idzi vakaumba risingazivikanwi uye inscrutable China, hwaponeswa nanhasi.