Bourgeois kuchinja 60-70 makore XIX remakore muRussia

Kubva rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore muEurope rinotanga kwemaindasitiri. It inoenda kudiwa kuvandudza nharaunda dzakawanda. Nokukurumidza "rinovakwazve" nenzira itsva nzira, nyika dzokuEurope zvakati outstripped Russia. Izvi zvaizoitawo, mumapoka Crimean War, kamwe zvakare akaona kusava nesimba tsarist hurumende uye Imperial negwaro zvarwo. Pane akaturikwa rinorema ezvinhu nokumirira.

Alexander II ainyatsoziva kuti achafanira kuita zvinhu makore 60-70 - nguva ino vakakumbira mutsva, nokukurumidza akasiya shure Russia muna Europe. Cherechedza kuti mambo aida wandei kutsungirira uye ushingi kuenda vasingadzikurudzire danho vamwe makirasi. Panguva iyo kwakanga kusina mumwe sarudzo. Bourgeois Kuchinja makore 60-70 remakore rechi19 dzaifanira.

Kugadzirira aiva nemakore matanhatu refu. pfungwa yokutanga vakasimuka kare 1855, asi haana kugamuchira kuchikosha kukura nokuda yekupindurwa mambo (mugore Nicholas ndakabudirira Alexander II). Mugumo ari Crimean War akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kutora epamba negwaro zvakawanda zvakananga. Zvino Bourgeois kuchinja makore 60-70 vave achishingaira nekambani chepamusoro madenderedzwa. Wokutanga uye kukosha kuchinja - "Manifesto of abolition kuti serfdom" muna 1861 gwaro rino unotara wechitanhatu raiyeukwa kugara pachigaro choumambo, Alexander II akapa vanhuwo zvavo pachavo rusununguko. Kutama kwakaita akasunda Mamwe Bourgeois zvinhu makore 60-70, akaita kuti zvibvire kuti tiite zvimwe kuchinja inokosha. Zvisinei, izvi zvinobatsira akanga kupendwa zvakaipa mumvuri. Pamwe vakasununguka vanhuwo zvavo vakagamuchira pachavo ... Hazvina chinhu. Land - mukoti yavo huru, akasara ngoni muridzi. Nokuti naye, murimi aifanira kubhadhara mari chorudzikinuro, izvo haana. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vave kusiyiwa mugumo wavo. Kazhinji rikarova kuchinja uye muridzi upfumi, nekuti nemhomho vanhuwo zvavo vakatamira kumaguta basa.

nokuchinja kukuru kwakadaro munyika kwakakonzera vamwe Bourgeois kuchinja makore 60-70. Izvi zvinosanganisira yokumaruwa, zvaakatonga, mauto, matunhu neminisiparati uye dzidzo.

On rokutonga kuchinja akasuma muchuchisi uye gweta. Zvino dare yaita nharo. Chinhu chikuru sarudzo yaiva vatongi, iyo mumaoko pasi mutongo pamusoro womunhu mhosva. Vatongi basa ravakapiwa chete kuongorora kururama kwemutemo kwacho.

Zemstvo nadzurudzo zvaisanganisira pakatanga kuzvitonga mumunda. Zvino zemstvos zvaisanganisira vamiririri makirasi zvose. Pakati zvemashoko Zemstvos kucherechedza pokugadzwa nomumbure dzadzidza uye zvokurapa masangano.

Military kuchinja kunosanganisira paumbwe uto dzose nokuda nokudenga basa basa. Zvisinei, nguva ichaitika ayo zvakati ipfupi. Panzvimbo makore 25 zvino kusvika vaifanira makore matanhatu zvimwe matavi zvechiuto. At basa vakadaidzwa ikodzere nezvikonzero zvoutano varume vakasvika makore maviri chete.

Ndaiva abatsirike uye dzidzo kuchinja. Maererano naye, mwana wose aifanira kuwana dzidzo, kuwana dzidzo yepamusorosoro iri pamutemo akasvinudzwa kuti vanhu vose munzanga, kumayunivhesiti kugamuchira zvikuru kuzvionera.

Bourgeois Kuchinja makore 60-70 Chokwadi, akanga nemigumisiro yakanaka. Nemhaka kwaari Russia kubva agrarian nyika yakanga akatendeukira kupinda muindasitiri, kunyange zvazvo zvokurima nemauto ichiri anopindura guru vhoriyamu iri upfumi. Zvisinei, maindasitiri kukura mberi nokukurumidza. Kuchinja kwakadaro haritsigiri zvose. Against Alexander II akatendeukira kutambudzwa nokuda populists, avo kakawanda vakaedza pamusoro hwake. Muna 1881, kuedza ichi chaiva kubudirira, asi motokari yakanga kare raparurwa kuchinja uye nyika Akazopinda mutsva Danho okukura.