Chakaomesesa simbi munyika - zvatinoziva nezvazvo?

Kuti kusarudza inova chakaomesesa simbi munyika, unofanira kufunga maviri Vakwikwidzi huru nokuda rokuti - kureva, osmium uye iridium. Vaviri kupfuura gobvu periodic table chinhu anopindura mairi, ukuwo, nzvimbo vaverenga 76 uye 77. arambe achirema chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi izvi ndiyo hwaro zvivako zvavo 22.6 magiramu muzana cubic sendimita.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri rinorema kwazvo simbi, inogona kuenzaniswa zvake koko chimiso akaita chero munhu anoti chinhu ndechake kusvikira musoro "The chakaoma simbi munyika." Saka kuti pakuenzanisa yokufudza, vachada zvishoma kupfuura nevakawanda kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa, apo vachafanira yokufudza chete rakagadzirwa osmium kana iridium.

nesimbi Vose dzakafukurwa kumavambo XIX remakore. Yawanika rwunoverengerwa musayendisiti S. Tennant, iyo yaiitirwa 1804 kunayisa kuongorora yaunganidzwa processing ari Platinum zvinokosha "aqua regia" (mumwe mugove nitric asidhi uye zvikamu zvitatu hydrochloric acid). Ari kudzidzwa emadhaka uye yaakawana zviviri namakemikari kuti basa nezita osmium uye iridium. Iridium vakagamuchira zita rayo kubva pashoko rechiGiriki muraraungu. Izvi imhaka yokuti munyu chinhu kushandura ruvara zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Studies vakaramba nokuda Russian kemisiti Karl Klaus, uyo, kubvira 1841, akagamuchira mari yokutsvakurudza kuti chizvarwa Platinum kubudiswa residues kuti vawane zvikamu mamwe izvi simbi anokosha. Chinangwa haana kubudirira, asi nzira basa masayendisiti dzakasarudza kuitisa kunyatsodzidza residual zvinhu.

Chikonzero nei zvakaoma kusarudza chii weheavy metal ine zvinhu izvi zviviri ndechokuti kusiyana arambe achirema mumwe-ramazana ane giremu. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akabatanidza nokuti zvizvarwa zvinhu havapo.

Kusvina dzakawanda weheavy metal zvinokosha izvo remubatanidzwa wenyika ruthenium, osmium, Platinum, palladium uye iridium pacharo. The zvichiguma chaikosha iri powdery fuma, izvo zvinogona ndokugadzira panguva kumusoro chaizvo tembiricha. Panguva iyoyowo, iridium ndiye vanonzi "Platinum nesimbi" kuti rinotsanangura vamwe zvivako zvayo, kusanganisira yakazara kutapata kuti asidhi wemisanganiswa dzaro. Somuenzaniso, kubata pamwe "aqua regia" haitungamiriri chero yakaipa. Iridium urwa chete vamwe wemisanganiswa pamusoro alkali, semuenzaniso, potassium disulfate.

Nokuti kushandiswa ndiye rinorema simbi? Crucibles akaita kwazviri, izvo rakanakira kushandiswa ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai, uyewo uchafira chinokosha, iro rinoshandiswa kuti pave refractory girazi. Rinogonawo kuwanikwa mukuru-kuguma tsime matanga uye ballpoint matanga maari. Kunze, nokuda yakaderera cost, iridium simbi kushandiswa motokari indasitiri, apo chichiri kushandiswa mune zvaAtemisi chimvari plugs. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti makenduru aya aidhura, asi kugadzirwa wavo unoruramiswa, sezvo Zvinoguma rakasimba zvikuru uye yakavimbika zvinoriumba.

mutengo Today nokuda panonyanyisa simbi iri 35 US madhora por giremu kuti iridium.