Chakaita "Beech": mapikicha, vachiridzira siyana. The waivako zvinoitwa SAM "MABHUKU"

Nhasi tichakurukura zvombo dzakadai se chombo hurongwa "MABHUKU". Nyaya ino ine chokuita nezvematongerwe enyika, saka tichakurukura setsikawo hwokugadzira divi nyaya. Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa zvishoma kuti chii chinoumba okuzvifunga propelled Army chombo Anti-ndege hurongwa, tinyatsoziva zvayo tactical uye michina maitiro, vachiridzira chikuva, muna pfupi, zvose mano ayo. Saka, isu kudyara "MABHUKU".

nhoroondo

First unofanira kusarudza pamusoro wemapoka installation. Ndicho kuparadzwa aerodynamic vanonangwa kubhururuka panguva svikiro uye yakaderera altitudes dzimwe aimhanya anosvika 830 m / chik, achifambisa pamwe overloads kuroora 12 uye vari chinhambwe 30 makiromita. Maererano zvisarudzo pamusoro USSR uye ari CPSU Central Committee musi waJanuary 13, 1972, uye akatanga kukura kwayo. Anobatanidzwa kubatana uku Developers uye vagadziri, uyo aimbotaurawo pakusikwa kwokutanga SAM "Cube". Panguva iyoyo isu vakagadzwa kukudziridza zvakaoma M-22, anonzi "Hurricane" nokuti Navy achishandisa zvitundumuseremusere, zvakazara Inoenderana "MABHUKU".

Developers

Sezvo Developers vave kuzivikanwa: Research Institute of zvishandiso uye Research uye Design Association, iro rine zita "Fazotron". Rastov A. A. akagadzwa mukuru Mugadziri zvakaoma. Pre-vachizvitakudza chokugadza zvakasikwa zviri ouinjiniya KB "Start", apo Mutungamiri Yaskin A. I. Crawler, yakabatanidzwa nokuda kunzwisisa michina, akakurukura Mytishchi muchina-kuvaka chirimwa, yakanga ichitungamirirwa Astrov N. A. 9M38 zvombo tasked kukudziridza Sverdlovsk ICD "Innovator". kuonekwa yemapurisa Chokwadi, kukanganiswa "Musigg" akasikwa ari Institute kuyera uye zvakarurama zvokuridzira Bazi Radio. Kuti "MABHUKU" aigona kuva woshanda zvizere, yava akakudziridza pasuru zvivako uye michina rutsigiro pamusoro chassis. Okuguma regadziriro danho rave aronga kuti chechipiri chikamu 1975.

kuchinja zvirongwa

Resolution of USSR uye CPSU Central Committee 22 May 1974, tichifunga kudiwa kunokurumidza unosimbisa mhepo kudzivirira warrior mapoka pamwe zvakawedzera pasherefu "Cube", izvo zviri chikamu weboka, akarayira kuti asike kunzwisisa "Beech" mumatanho maviri. Chekutanga zvakanga zvakafanira kuti nokukurumidza kuva dzinodzorwa zvombo Anti-ndege uye moto kuzvidzora propelled yakaoma, izvo zvinogona kumhanya 9M38 zvombo, uyewo 3M9M3 huripo yakaoma "Kub-M3". Zvadaro musi nemhaka iyi takanga kusika munhu "MABHUKU" - chombo mamiriro chizvarwa chitsva. Uye muna September 1974 kuitira kutaurawo kwayo vagari miedzo. Asi zvisinei ichi, kuti kare yakatarwa waakapedza akabvumirana.

Fire kuzvidzora propelled pfuti 9A38

Zvakange akatasva ari chassis of GM-569, uye chiri chimwe chikwata anosanganisa mashandiro ari kuzvipira propelled Pu I Surnov wakashandiswa "Kub-M3". Created kugadzwa 9A38 zvinopa unhu kutsvaka mune zvekutepfenyura wakapiwa, anoita kuonekwa uye haizopereri kubatwa ose anoshandisa otomatiki Tracking. uyewo anopedza dambudziko risati ratanga, kutanga uye homing zvombo zvitatu, vakange riri pamusoro payo, uye mumwe 3M9M3-akatungamirira zvombo zvitatu kubva iyo boka richitora mazamu naye 2P25M3 PU. Fire midziyo inogona kushandiswa kana Surnov uye autonomously. Its uremu - matani 34. Chaiva SAM "MABHUKU" pamusoro: Radar 9s35; Digital kadambari hurongwa; optically paterevhizheni reticle; Starter nesimba servo Zvifambiso; radar pasi Aindibvunzurudza, uyo anoshanda mune "Password"; midziyo pamwe SPU uye Surnov; gasi turbine jenareta; midziyo dzidziso, topographical zvibatiso wekushandisa; upenyu-rutsigiro enyika.

Shanda Radar 9S35

Kutsanangura nguva yakawanda mberi kusikwa Goldstone uye zvokuimba Sefa yave asvika, microwave mano, digitaalinen kadambari michina, izvo akabvumira ari radar 9S35, chikamu kunzwisisa "Beech", nokubatanidza mashandiro okuvhenekesa pazviteshi, kuonekwa uye chipfuro Tracking. Richishandiswa zvinotakura maviri - kupomba uye chinoramba wave, iye pachake aishanda sendimita wavelength siyana. Imwe wokutepfenyurisa kuziva uye chamber nangananga, mumwe - backlit zvinangwa uye kudzora zvombo Anti-ndege. Kanyanga maitiro anonzvera sectors electromechanical anonongedzera yaunganidzwa processing akaita nechepakati kombiyuta. 9S35 Kuchinja nguva, chikamu SAM "MABHUKU" kubva standby muoti muhondo yaiva mumasekonzi asingasviki maviri. zvinangwa velocity akanga akatsunga ane kururama 10 -20 m / s, nokudaro kuona sarudzo yavo inonakidza mamiriro. .. Error: RMS sezvo akayera chisina kutsetseka batanidza akanga 0.5 d pane vaifanira mu siyana - 175 metres. The chiteshi yave kudzivirirwa kubva zvose zvinoshingaira, yaisanganisa uye marara.

Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa 9M38

chitundumuseremusere ichi, inova chikamu SAM "Buck" rakashandiswa yakasimba-Dual-rudzi injini. Nokuda kunzwisisa mugodhi vakasiya kushandisa gondohwe. Uyezve, ine mukuru nemishonga kune vamwe, kunyanya kungogara mativi trajectory uye panguva yakakwirira pakona kurwisa rakanga kusagadzikana ichishanda. Nezvikonzero izvi, pakusikwa upenyu hwakavhiringidzwa SAM "Cube". chombo zano rakanga kuipa, mureza, X-zvakaumbwa, kuva pasi chinoumba reshiyo bapiro. Pakutanga kuaona rwayo akafanana chikepe zvombo Anti-ndege mhuri "tartar" uye "Standard" kugadzirwa muna USA zvizere zvaidiwa miganho kukura nokuda Soviet Navy. Pamberi 9M38 akaisa nhumbi autopilot, semiactive GMN, warhead uye kudya kunovaka. Pakanga pasina chitundumuseremusere zvikamu dzakaparadzana Anotiza, kureba - 5.5 metres, dhayamita - 400 neMM, gozvo kutsvaira - 860 millimeters. Rakanga akashongedzerwa ane homing musoro aiva utariri hurongwa pamwe nokushandiswa Proportional wekushandisa. "Beech" - chombo ezvinhu ane chitundumuseremusere yakadaro - aigona rova huru dzichibhururuka akasvibira padaro rinenge kubva 25 metres kusvika 20,000 uye siyana kubva matatu 32 nehafu makiromita kure, ayo kumhanya - 1000 m / chik. The chombo aiva uremu 685 makirogiramu, kusanganisira 70 makirogiramu warhead.

kugadzwa bvunzo "Beech"

Chakaita "MABHUKU" kubva August 1975 kusvika kumagumo October rinouya, muna 1976, vakapfuura hurumende nemiedzo. Akavafambisa Bimbash PS, uye vakatakurirwa pamusoro munharaunda Emba polygon. Sezvaunogona kuona, kugadzwa "MABHUKU" (mufananidzo wake anomirirwa vari kuongorora) kwaisanganisira: Surnov 1S91M3, moto chokugadza 9A38, pose-to-mhepo chombo 3M9M3 uye 9M38, kuzvicheka-propelled PU 2P25M3 uye kugadzira michina. Somugumisiro, mimwe yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita takaitwa: zvakawanda helicopters vasabatwa raiva 21-35 makiromita yakaderera altitudes, ndege - 32-41? Km. Time chombo pakuparurwa kubvira panguva chipfuro vasabatwa raiva 24-27 seconds. Ndinorova nguva uye zvaikosha - maminitsi mapfumbamwe. Kukundwa ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa 9M38 akanga akapa: pane chinhambwe 3,5-20,5? Km - panguva imwe kukwira vanopfuura 3000 metres, 5-15,5? Km - ari kukwirira mamita 30. Munzvimbo iyi iri kosi parameter aiva 18.5? Km kureba - kubva 30 M kusvika 14.5? Km. Mukana kukuvara moto - 0,70-0,93 kana kutanga motokari. Muna 1978, kuti chirimwa "MABHUKU-1" ( "Cube-M4") akaiswa basa.

Features "Buck", murayiro romukova

We Pari kuziva zvakawanda chokuita vaiona zvombo. Ndiyo nguva yokuti boka inokosha panzvimbo imwe. Saka, tine "Beech" kunzwisisa. Zvinoitwa kuhondo kuita ayo zvinotevera. 9S470 - murayiro pambiru akatasva ari GM-579 - inopa chiratidzwa, mabiko uye kubudiswa nemashoko ose kubva nhepfenyuro kukanganiswa uye kuonekwa, uyewo 9A310 nhanhatu - moto kuzvidzora propelled dzakabatana. Anopa munhu pakusarudza akakodzera ngozi nhovo dzavo kuparadzira wakakodzera Chinyorwa uye otomatiki modes pakati vachiridzira kuzvidzora propelled zviyero, akaita basa vane mutoro sectors vazhinji zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha. Complex "Beech", nemhaka manual, anoshanda yakanaka kana kushandisa zvombo pamusoro radar uye kukanganiswa. Team chinhu 46 anogona kubata nhovo huru pane imwe kukwira pamusoro 20,000 metres imwe mapazi ane nharaunda 100 000 m. To nhanhatu chipfuro zvairatidza rakapa paminiti kutenderera ongororo chechitima. matani 28 - kurema KP, vakapiwa vashandi matanhatu.

kukanganiswa uye kuonekwa chiteshi "Dome"

Tinoramba kutaura chii chirimwa "MABHUKU". Features "Dome" - inotevera padariro kwayo nezvawo. chiteshi ichi ane wemagetsi danda kushanda pakuvheneka mu pakukwirira 30-40 madhigirii kwemauto ane zvokuimba vachishandisa kutenderera kanyanga kuti kupiwa azimuth. Chinangwa 9S18 - kuonekwa uye kuziva nhovo huru mudenga panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro mamita 30 kusvika 45,5 km kure 120 makiromita. Zvadaro, musi ezvinhu mudenga mashoko chakasvitswa kuti gearbox 9S470. Zvichienderana yakatarwa-nemauto chipingaidzo uye Kuwanikwa kuona exchange zvakaenzana 5-18 masekonzi panguva circumferential ongororo uye 2.5-4.5 nemasekonzi apo nemauto ongororo rworwendo 30. Akaunza vakawana mashoko telecode mutsetse munguva review, ndiye 4,5 masekonzi, mu uwandu 75 zvinoratidza. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa uye kudzivirirwa kwechirwere, akapindura, asynchronous kufamba kweropa chipingaidzo. Uyewo, zvisinei kuvapo runodzivirira ruzha kuti anoona rakamiswa pagungano kukwira pamusoro 5000 mamita murwi. "Dome", chikamu Anti-ndege yakaoma "Beech", akavapindurawo, raiva rotator, kanyanga chiteshi, kanyanga club mudziyo, mumwe kugamuchirwa zano, kuti achitumira mudziyo nezvimwe nehurongwa. Ari kutumirwa nzvimbo kuchiteshi maminitsi mashanu akapfuura nevatariri kubva basa - mumasekonzi 20.

Kusiyana vachiridzira zvivako 9A310 uye 9A38

Initial kugadzwa rechipiri ( "Beech-1"), inozivikanwa kuti kukurukura telecode mitsetse havasi kuzvidzora propelled uye PU 2P25M3 Surnov 1S91M3, uye pamwe ROM 9A39 uye murayiro romukova 9S470. 9A310 aivawo mana 9M38 dzinodzorwa zvombo Anti-ndege waro pokutangira mudziyo, pane vatatu. uchiraira Its akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kwemaminitsi 12 nehafu kubva ROM uye maminitsi 16 - kubva motokari senga logistics. Weight - matani 32,4, kusanganisira vanhu mana achirwa rakarira. Upamhi moto self propelled - 3.25 metres, urefu - 9.3 m, nekukwirira - 3.8 metres. Ngationei zvimwe chii chinoumba chisinganzwisisiki "Beech". In Mufananidzo uyu, isu hatingazvirumbidzi, sezvo nguva dzose.

9A39 - kutanga-vachizvitakudza chokugadza

ROM ichi kwave yakaiswa pamusoro chassis of GM-577. Its chinangwa - okuchengetera uye kutakurwa aidzora zvombo Anti-ndege - zvidimbu sere, vana vacho vaiva wakaiswa housings, vana - pamusoro pokutangira mudziyo. zviri aiendeswa kushanda zvombo mana, mamwe kuzvidzora rokukwidza navo lodgements, unozotevera kuzvidzora mhosva zvitundumuseremusere sere kubva motokari senga zvokudya. Saka, "Beech" - chombo hurongwa, iyo anosanganisa mabasa ane ROM kuzvidzora propelled PU ambotaurwa kunzwisisa "Cube" uye TPM. Raisanganisira: triggering mudziyo ane Tracking actuator, lodgements, pombi digitaalinen kadambari muchina telecode kukurukurirana zvokushandisa, navigation, ndichisunga kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, simba dzakabatana uye simba zvitengeswa. Unit uremu - matani 35,5, kusanganisira kuverenga zvitatu, kukura: upamhi - 3.316 metres, urefu - 9,96 metres, uye kukwirira - 3.8 metres.

Mikana SAM "MABHUKU"

kunzwisisa uku aiva yepamusoro kurwisa, kwokunze uye chokupika kufananidzwa "kuutio-M4" uye "Cube-M3" zvivako. Kana kunyange chete kutarisa zvinhu kugadzwa "Buck" Photo wake maoko, munhu vachanzwisisa zvose simba rayo, iro rakapa:

1. Good Kuvimbika chipfuro vasabatwa nokuti yaitungamirira Joint uongororwe dzakapoteredza nzvimbo pamwe nhanhatu nokuzvidzora propelled vachiridzira uye kukanganiswa uye vasabatwa chechitima.
2. Mawa kuti zvinangwa matanhatu, vachiridzira rechiuto, uye, kana zvakakodzera, uye kushandiswa pasina moto kuzvidzora propelled zviumbu - waivako kusvika matanhatu akazvimirira kurwisana mishoni.
3. kudzivirirwa zvakasimba kukanganiswa kuburikidza nokushandisa onboard kombiyuta homing musoro uye rinokosha mhando jekeso chiratidzo.
4. Nokuda zvakawedzera simba SAM (ayo warhead) - yakakwirira chaizvo kunyatsoshanda kuparadzwa ndege huru.

mhedziso

By Modelling uye pakuongororwa kwakati kwatemwa kuti kuwanda marongero vachipfura "Buck" - kubva 3 kusvika 25 makiromita ari kukwirira kusvika 18 makiromita uye rikurumidze kusvika 800 m / s. Muchiitiko ichi rinotipa qualitatively kurwisa huru kuti havasi achifambisa. Ndingangokuvara kukundwa raiva 0.7-0.8 apo vachiridzira munhu anotungamirirwa chombo uye mararamiro akagara kusvika 18 makiromita. Kana chinangwa achifambisa, ari kubaya mukana uri 0,6. On maoko mhepo kudzivirira mauto dzakaoma "Beech" wokurera muna 1980. Kubvira ipapo, kakawanda aiita mazuvaano yayo, kuti dzikurukure muhondo nezvaanogona uye kuchengeteka.