IALA (International Association of Lighthouse Hurumende): zvinoyangarara, lateral, mufundisi zviratidzo

Nhasi, sangano motokari rinoitwa zvakasiyana-siyana munharaunda: nyika, mhepo uye gungwa. Kana nyika chokufambisa uye zvomumvura unoshanda kwegadziriro mitemo uye nezviratidzo inodzora kufamba kwavo uye nechokwadi dzakachengeteka kumhanya mvura pamusoro penyika migero.

Chii chinonzi hurongwa IALA?

IALA (International Association of Marine Aids uye Lighthouse Hurumende) - rakabatana hurongwa njodzi fence, yakavambwa muna 1957 kuti tibu- yakachengeteka kufamba midziyo pamatunhu makungwa. Rine Mhando anoverengeka pamutemo nezviratidzo mvura, uye vamwe kufamba mugungwa zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira tsaona mu nepagungwa nzvimbo uye ndichengetedze pfuma zvinokambaira midziyo.

Misimboti IALA

Inokosha iri IALA spatial kupatsanurwa mumakungwa notional akabatana - huru gwara (mugero). Kuruboshwe pamusoro Fairway mugungwa nzvimbo inonzi nharaunda A, uye kodzero - nharaunda B. Countries mavari zvakasiyana mazita ruvara nokuda kufamba mugungwa zvinooneka (Cho). Somuenzaniso, nharaunda A inopiwa mutsvuku, uye B kuti nharaunda - green. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe bhuku pfungwa zvomumvura nzvimbo rinotanga mirayiridzo huru inoshandiswa (kunze zvimwe zviitiko).

IALA maitiro iri papfungwa inotevera pamutemo musimboti:

• Shoma Nhamba Cho zvinodiwa yakachengeteka kufamba mugungwa kuenda motokari.
• IALA Floating zviratidzo zviri nyore kuona murima ruvara vezviedza pamusoro pavo, uye kakawanda zviri kupenya, uye masikati - ari muchimiro uye Ruvara pamusoro nenhamba.
• Color zviedza (chena, girini uye tsvuku) zvichisiyana kuti rakasiyana-siyana wekushandisa mavanga uye anoreva zvakasiyana.
• Pamwe chete kufamba mugungwa ngozi, akapa zviratidzo akakombwa zvakanaka uye vakapinda mutsaona uye kunotambudza.

International Association of Lighthouse Hurumende pakutevedzera mutemo zvahwaiita mugungwa kufamba achibatsirwa mhando shanu zvinoyangarara zviratidzo:

1. Lateral.
2. Cardinal.
3. Special.
4. Akabatana.
5. Signs fence nomumwe ngozi.

lateral zvinoratidza

Kusiyana mhando dzairamba dzichiitika mavanga, lateral vane maitiro ruvara, wakakwana nokuda kumatunhu A uye B. Nokudaro, lateral nharaunda uye zviratidzo zviri zvitsvuku, uye nharaunda B inopendwa girini.

Chinangwa zvinotiyamura izvi wekushandisa - wokupemberera miganhu yacho inofamba munzira. Hwakaratidza achitevedza longitudinal yaNire, waterways nezvimwe zvomumvura uye rwizi inofamba (izvo dzava miganhu) anomiririra ngozi motokari.

Lateral hurongwa nemasaisai zviratidzo nhamba ane cylindrical kana conical chimiro.

Lateral Fairway zviratidzo zviri kuitwa maererano nheyo rworudyi uye rworuboshwe divi. Saka, kana isu kufamba nenzira dzegungwa, kurudyi takazviwana buoys kana varipo pamwe mitema riri pamusoro ane pamusoro mufananidzo - Triangle (dzimwe nguva kugadzira iri nechimwe munhu rinovaima munyoro moto). Kurutivi rworuboshwe zvinoratidzwa mukufambisira dzvuku rectangle uye moto mutsvuku pamusoro.

Lateral zvinoratidza anechekuita kwete chete kusimbisa miganhu gungwa uye rwizi makosi, asiwo kuparadzana mvura chiteshi kuti tizive kukoshesa. Saka, tsvuku zviratidzo yakafarikana mitema mutsetse pasi nepakati, uye pazvinobvira mamwe topmark (humburumbira) uye tsvuku moto chaizoreva kuti huru Fairway kurudyi. Asiwo, girini yechiitiko / Buoy ane dzvuku mutsetse uye munyoro, triangle pamusoro moto uye zviri akadudzira sechiratidzo chokuti huru Fairway - kuruboshwe.

mufundisi zviratidzo

gadziriro iyi wekushandisa mavanga rinoshandiswa kureva nezvengozi uye zvipingamupinyi kuti kufamba mugungwa kana rwizi chokufambisa, uye rinoratidzawo idivi yokunzvenga ngozi.

Signs vane columnar chimiro nhema yellow nezvimwe zvokuridza maviri dema uye dzimwe nguva chena moto kumusoro. Embodiments urongwa mitsetse vatema yellow, zvokuridza uyewo akasiyana zvichienderana norudzi yakakura chiratidzo.

Pavanopfuta nokuda zvaonekwa ngozi zvichienderana mufundisi pfungwa. Nokudaro, mufundisi zviratidzo akakamurwa 4 mhando: kuchamhembe (iri kuchamhembe ngozi), kumaodzanyemba (kubva South), West (kumavirira), kumabvazuva (kumabvazuva). Akaona mumwe wavo, mutyairi mudziyo anofanira kuwana mukana kurutivi chiedza uko ndeye kubatsira wekushandisa. Kureva, kana pane rwezasi mufundisi chiratidzo, zvinokosha yokunzvenga ngozi kubva kurutivi rwezasi.

Zviratidzo chinangwa chinokosha

Kusimbisa zvatichakurukura kana zvinhu kushandisa zvinoyangarara chaiwo zviratidzo. Mienzaniso kushanda anokosha kutaurwa: panzvimbo kuparadzana sangano kunorasirwa marara pasi Mapaipi kana waya kubatana, rechiuto mapazi, polygon, nzvimbo hove giya, anchorages, etc ...

Zvinoyangarara zviratidzo zvinogona chero chimiro, akapa rakabatana kufamba wemuTesitamende hwemvura zvakatipoteredza. Mamirire zviratidzo boka iri ruvara - yellow, semashandisirwo topmark muchinjikwa munyonga kana tsamba "X". In pamberi chiratidzo chiedza pamusoro pavo unogona kuona yeyero chiedza.

Nhamba hwakaratidza zviratidzo kunobva kukosha uye kukura kwenzvimbo kana chinhu. Nokuti muduku chinhu rakaiswa chaiyo chiratidzo pakati chinhu, uye kana uchida kusarudza imwe nzvimbo nokururamisira chinokosha nzvimbo dzinokosha vatambi nemhaka pamusoro mukomberedzo chero.

axial zviratidzo

Axial chiratidzo, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, yakachena mvura chiratidzo zvapinda aidzidzisa kuti riri kumativi chinhu mvura nzvimbo, wakachengeteka wekushandisa, mune mamwe manzwi, zvinoreva kuti Fairway akabatana uye rinoratidza akachengeteka.

Rwendo Hurongwa zvinosanganisira 3 IALA chimiro axial zviratidzo: bhora, humburumbira, uye vaita chinhu chinokosha. Bemhapemha iri rave kurongwa kutwasuka micheka yakatsemurwa matsvuku mavara. Pamusoro chinhu pamusoro mufananidzo - red bhora uye vakapfeka chiedza chena ruvara.

Signs fence nomumwe ngozi

Kunan'anura zvimwe zvinhu pasi pemvura kuti vari ngozi chikepe kubvongodzwa, akashandisa achidzivirira akayangarara zviratidzo. Izvi wekushandisa Ezvemutauro zvinoreva kuti akasiyana siyana nezvipingamupinyi vari chete zvakananga pasi chiratidzo, uye kumativi muviri mvura yakachengeteka nokuda kufamba mugungwa uye rwizi zvifambiso. To muchikwata ngozi vakasarudzwa zvinosanganisira: pemvura pamatombo, zvisaririra zviri aparara, mvura shoma.

navaid boka aimiririra nhamba columnar kana conical chimiro pamwe navanopinda chawo (kwawakabva), makara rikasviba mumwe kana kupfuura chinjikira mitsetse tsvuku. The pamusoro mufananidzo - maviri dema, akaronga chimwe pamusoro mumwe.