Carbon fiber: dzimba, photo, risiti, kushandiswa

Makambani ekufambisa mberi uye kuvaka mumakore achangobva kupfuura akawana hutano hwakawanda hutsva hunoshandiswa, huzhinji hwahwo hwakabatana nezvinhu zvitsva. Mumwe munhu anoshandiswa angashandura kuratidzwa kwegadziriro iyi achishandisa muenzaniso wezvivakwa zvekuvaka nekubatanidzwa kwezvikwata. Uyewo mumakambani emotokari, kabhoni zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinowedzera kushanda kwemitambo yemitambo. Uye iyi haisi iyo nzira iyo makerubhi epurasitiki anobatanidzwa nawo. Chikonzero chechikamu ichi ndi carbon fibers, iyo mapikicha ayo anoratidzwa pasi apa. Chaizvoizvo, mune zvisingatauriki zvehutano uye humwe hunodiwa, kuparadzaniswa kwakasiyana uye kushingaira kwezvikamu zvechizvarwa chitsva kunoitwa.

Teknolojia yekutambira

Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwemashoko acho, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvinoshandiswa nenzira yemasikirwo emasikirwo kana emakemikari ezvakabva. Uyezve, semugumisiro wekugadzirwa kwakakosha, chete maatomu eakoni anoramba ari kubva pakutanga kwekutanga. Iyo huru yekukurudzira simba ndiyo kutonhora. Iyo nzira yehutengi inosanganisira kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupisa kwekupisa. Mutsara wokutanga, sarudzo yekutanga inogadziriswa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kusvika 250 ° C. Munhanho inotevera, kugadzirirwa kweakabhoni yakashandurwa kunoshandiswa pakugadzira mafuta, zvichibva pane izvo zvinhu zvinopisa mumhepo ine nitrogen pamasikati makuru kusvikira 1500 ° C. Nokudaro, chimiro chegrafu-chakafanana chinoumbwa. Kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira nenzira yekubata mafirimu pa3000 ° C kunopedza iyo yose yekugadzira. Panguva ino, zvinyorwa zvekabhoni yakachena mumatafura zvinosvika 99%.

Ndeipi iyo carbon fiber inoshandiswa?

Kana mumakore ekutanga ekuwanda kwemashoko aya akashandiswa chete munzvimbo dzakanyanya kuzivikanwa, nhasi kune kuwedzera kwemaindasitiri umo ichi chemakemikiramu inoshandiswa. Nyaya yacho iri epurasitiki uye yakasiyana-siyana mumashoko ekushandisa kushandiswa. Nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwebasa rekushandiswa kweiyo michina inowedzera, asi nhasi mhando dzemhando dzekutaura mumusika dzakasikwa. Kunyanya, tinogona kuona nzvimbo yekuvaka, mishonga, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, midziyo yemumba, nezvimwewo. Sezvo kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kushandiswa kwemakabati emakonhi achiri kushandiswa kune vanogadzira ndege, magetsi uye magetsi.

Mafomu ekugadzirwa

Chokutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha, izvi zvinopisa kushandiswa kwemavara emishonga, pakati pedu tinogona kusiyanisa micheka, mbatya, maziso, kunzwa, nezvimwe. Zvichida, ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru, umo carbon fiber inoratidzirwa sechinhu chezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira sarudzo. Kunyanya, izvi zvizere, zvinopisa zvinopisa, zvikamu uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ane utsinye. Zvinonyanya kuumbwa zvinotarirwa kumusika wemotokari, zvisinei, mhizha yekuvaka inodawo kutarisa zvitsva zvinobva kune vakugadziri vemakemikari ino.

Material properties

Izvo zvakasikwa zvehutoriki hwekuwana izvo zvakasara zvakasimbiswa pakuitwa kweiyo fiber. Somugumisiro, kukwirira kwekutsvaira kwekushisa kwave kuchiva chinhu chikuru chekusiyanisa kwechimiro chemiti yakadaro. Mukuwedzera kune zvinokonzera zvinotyisa, mashoko acho haagadziri kumakemikari ane utsinye. Ichokwadi, kana okisijeni iripo muhutano hwehujiji panguva yekupisa, izvi zvinokanganisa mafi. Asi iyo inyanzvi yekbon fiber inogona kukwikwidzana nemhando dzakawanda dzechigadzirwa dzinoonekwa sedzakasimba uye dzisingagone kukuvadza. Iyi hutano inonyanya kutaurwa mumakoni maitiro. Chimwe chivako chine chido pakati pe teknolojia yezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana inyanzvi yekuita. Pamusana pekushanda kwepamusoro, iyi fiber inogona kufungwa seyo inobudirira inogadzirisa hurongwa.

Varikuita

Vatungamiri vari muchikamu ndivo makambani eAmerica, eJapan neGermany. Kodhizimusi yeRussia munharaunda iyi haisati yave yakagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura uye ichiri kubva pakuvandudzwa kwemazuva eU.SR. Kusvika iye zvino, hafu yenyika yakagadzirwa nemafuta ine chikamu chemakambani echiJapane Mitsubishi, Kureha, Teijin, nezvimwewo. VaJalimane neAmerica vanogovera chimwe chikamu pakati pavo. Saka, kubva kuU.SA kambani Cytec mabasa, uye muGermany carbon fiber inogadzirwa nemasimba SGL. Kwete kare kare, sangano reTaiwanese Formosa Plastics rakanyora muhedheni yevatungamiri venyaya iyi. Kana zviri zvekugadzirwa kwemhuri, makambani maviri chete anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvikamu: Argon naKhimvolokno. Panguva imwe chete, kubudirira kwakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura kwave kuchiitwa neveBelarusian uye veUkraine vashandi vanove vachigadzira niches itsva yekutengeserana kwekodhoni plastiki.

Ramangwana reMafuta eKarbon

Sezvo dzimwe mhando dzekasa plastiki dziripo mune ramangwana rekare dzichabvumira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokwanisa kuchengetedza chigadzirwa chepakutanga kwemamiriyoni emakore, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofanotaura kupererwa kwezvinhu zvakadai. Pasinei neizvi, makambani anofarira anoenderera mberi achityaira mutambo wezvigadzirwa zvemichina. Uye nenzira dzakawanda zvinonzwisisika, sezvo zvinhu zve carbon carriers zvakanyanya kudarika maitiro akafanana ezvakagadzirwa nemaitiro nehutano hwehukuru. Unotadza kuti uyeuke simba nesimba nekudzivirira. Kubudirira kubva kunezvikomborero izvi, vakukudziri vanovandudza mazano matsva ekubudirira. Kushandiswa kwemashoko acho hazvizoiti nezvezvinhu zvakasarudzwa chete, asiwo nzvimbo dziri pedo nehuwandu hwevatengi. Semuenzaniso, mapurasitiki anozivikanwa, aluminium uye matanda zvinogona kuchinjwa ne carbon carbon fiber reinforced plastic, iyo yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushanda ichapfuura zvigadzirwa zvekugara.

Mhedziso

Kuparadzirwa kwakakura kwemakemikari emakemikari kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha ndeyebhadharo yakakwirira. Sezvo carbon fiber inoda kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvekugadzira, hazvigone kuwanikwa nekambani yese. Asi iyi haisi chinhu chakakosha zvikuru. Ichokwadi ndechekuti havasi vese vanogadzirisa vanofarira kuchinja kwakanyanya kwakadai muhutano hwezvigadzirwa. Nokudaro, kuwedzera hupenyu hurefu hwechimwe chinhu chezvivako zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, muiti haagoni kuita nguva dzose kuvandudza kwakafanana kune zvimwe zvakafanana. Somugumisiro, kusagadzikana kunowanikwa, izvo zvinoderedza zvose zvinobudirira zvehutano hutsva kusvika zero.