Biography Butlerova Aleksandra uye mupiro wake sayenzi

Biography Butlerova yamuchakwanisa kudzidza munyaya ino, tichicherechedza pokugadzwa dzidziso kwemakemikari mamiriro. dzidziso iyi nhasi ndiyo hwaro sayenzi nehunhu makemikari.

Butlerova Biography inotanga muna 1828, apo mumwe musha muduku Butlerovke iri kure Kazan, akaberekwa Alexander. chiitiko ichi chakaitika muzita rababa vake.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: pauduku

Alexander haana kurangarira mai vake sezvo iye akafa mazuva 11 mushure kuberekwa mwanakomana wake. baba vake aiva munhu akadzidza, uye musayendisiti yemberi vaida zvakamupoteredza akafanana. Pakutanga, mukomana akaenda kuchikoro chebhodhingi, uye akatanga kudzidza panguva First Kazan jimunasiyamu. In chikoro ichi vaiva vadzidzisi ruzivo chaizvo vakakwanisa vaunze kufarira vavanotonga. Alexander kudzidza yakanga nyore, kunyanya kutorwa sainzi ake.

Makirasi paYunivhesiti Kazan, kutamira Kazan

Kusiyana chikumbiro baba vake, pashure pokupedza chikoro chesekondari, Alexander akasarudza kuva mudzidzi sciences zvakasikwa wedhipatimendi paUniversity of Kazan. Kwapera gore, muna 1845-m, akanga akabvuma wekutanga gore. Panguva iyi, mukomana aiva nemakore 17 okuberekwa.

Biography Butlerova paakavapa muna 1846 chiitiko chisingafadzi - iye akarwara typhus. chishamiso Man akapona, asi baba vangu, uyo akanga utachiona naye, akafa. Butlerof Mumatsutso Zvaaifamba namainini vake Kazan. At yunivhesiti akadzidza nokushingaira, asi nokukurumidza akaona kuti vakawanda zvose zvaanoda hurukuro pamusoro kemisitiri. Hazvina kugutsa hurukuro pamusoro Professor Claus, saka akatanga kupinda makirasi, izvo zvakazoita Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin. Last vakatarisa panguva murabhoritari basa Alexander akaona kuti chipo.

Kudzivirirwa kandidheti basa

Nokuti dhigirii yatenzi Alexander ainge kudzidza payunivhesiti kuzviisa pasi kunyora nhoroondo. Zinin nguva ino vakaenda St. Petersburg kubva Kazan. Naizvozvo, Alexander aifanira kukurira sayenzi yepanyama. Aigadzirira ake basa miteva imwe nyaya yaiva nomusoro waiti "kungozvifunga of Volga-Ural fauna of". Asi pashure pechinguva mamiriro ezvinhu vari vakadaro kuti Butlerof achiri akadzokera kemisitiri.

Kushanda University of Kazan

Pashure kuwana dhigirii, Alexander ainge kushanda Kazan University. Klaus, chete purofesa wekemisitiri vasingagoni pacharo tiite zvinhu zvose uye vaida mubatsiri akazova Alexander. Butlerof mumatsutso 1850 vakapfuura bvunzo uye akava tenzi wekemisitiri. Akabva akatanga kushanda kwake doctorate dissertation pamusoro nyaya zvinokosha anonhuwirira. Butlerov akadzivirira basa pakutanga kwegore rinouya. Pamwe pakugadzirira hurukuro Alexander riitwe kunyatsodzidza ari nhoroondo kemisitiri.

Butlerof Nerd

Biography Butlerova hanya kwete chete mishonga, asiwo botanists. Alexander vakaperekedza kuedza zviri greenhouses dzavo vaiva Butlerovke muna Kazan. Akanyorawo nyaya floriculture, horticulture uye kurima Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Photos shongwe Alexander, iri Kazan, pedyo yunivhesiti, rinotaurwa pazasi.

Doctorate, rwendo kumwe, mipiro kemisitiri

Butlerof June 4, 1854 akagamuchira doctorate mu wefizikisi uye kemisitiri. Pakarepo zvichangoitika, iye akagadzwa nokuita purofesa wekemisitiri yake yaakaberekerwa Kazan University. Butlerof pakutanga 1857, akanga atova purofesa. Zvegore, muzhizha, akapiwa mvumo kuenda rwendo kunze.

In Berlin Alexander akasvika mukupera muzhizha. Pashure pechinguvana akaenda parwendo kuburikidza Germany, Italy, Switzerland uye France. Paris rakanga chinangwa chikuru rwacho. Panguva iyoyo yaiva muzinda nyika chidzidzo wekemisitiri. Butlerova akakwezva ainyanya uchisangana Adolf Wurtz. Murabhoritari yake, akashanda 2 months Aleksandr Butlerov. Kemisiti, akatanga kuitisa kuedza zvavo pano. Kwapera nguva, tsvakurudzo yake akabvuma michero yokutanga. Mumakore akatevera 20 makore, akazarura dzakawanda wanda uye zvinhu Alexander Butlerov. Mupiro ayo kemisitiri kwave yakakura. Uyezve, havana yaiitisa nomuenzaniso wakanaka Syntheses ose ethylene uye panyaya iyi, tertiary alcohols, dinzobutilena, trioxymethylene, hexamine vari kwakabva wandei maindasitiri. Vane kunobatsira zvikuru pamusoro wayo kukura. Sezvaunogona kuona, yakawanda sayenzi nemaindasitiri akaita Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Kugona zvakaoma kuona. Zvino udza pamusoro dzidziso akasikwa kemisiti ichi.

pfungwa Butlerova

Butlerof kudzidza Mahydrocarbon, ndakaziva kuti ndiyo yoga boka makemikari. Scientist kuongorora zvivako zvavo uye mamiriro, vakachengeta vaitofanira mutemo, izvo akaumba hwaro dzidziso kwemakemikari mamiriro, akasikwa kubudikidza naye.

Butlerova mushumo Paris Academy of Sciences, akanga kukwaziswa mubereko. Rakatanga zvine gakava. Makore mashomanana gare gare, munguva 2nd yenzendo kunze, Alexander akapa dzidziso yake. Akapa mharidzo pamusoro 36 Congress of vanachiremba uye masayendisiti Homan, yakaitirwa September 1861 Butlerov verenga gwaro rake "Pane pamusoro makemikari maumbirwo miviri." Scientist akasuma vateereri yaakasika mutsva dzidziso sechivako Organic yeimwe. Akati kuti atomu ose kuti ndiyo chikamu muviri avepo kwayo inotungamirwa uye anoita namapoka zvainanga maatomu rakapoteredzwa. Imhaka dzokuteerera ichi maatomu kusungira kune morekuru makemikari marudzi. Akadana makemikari nemamiriro Kuparadzirwa kushanda mauto aya, zvinoita kuti munhu coupling pakati maatomu. Saka, chinoumbwa nezvimedu vane makemikari hwaro iyo kunoenderana hunhu zvinoriumba, avo makemikari bumbiro uye uwandu.

Cherechedza kuti Butlerova asati asangana mumabhuku, shoko rokuti "makemikari mamiriro". Zvisinei, musayendisiti akatanga uongorore zvakare kushandiswa kwayo kuti kutsanangura pfungwa itsva. Dzidziso namakemikari mamiriro ndiyo hwaro zvose mapazi ano chakaita zvokugadzirwa kemisitiri.

Kuwana trimethyl carbinol

Mufaro gore muupenyu zvinogona kunzi Butlerova 1863rd aiita pamusoro acetyl chloride dimethylzinc, musayendisiti kokutanga munhoroondo Akagamuchira tertiary butyl doro, zvimwe aizivikanwa trimethyl. Mumabhuku, nguva pfupi pashure vakaudza kubatana kwetunhu butyl alcohols, nesekondari. Isobutyl doro yave kuzivikanwa kuti masayendisiti kubvira 1852. Zvino pakutanga kure mafuta muriwo. Zvino, mubvunzo chingava pamusoro chero nharo, nekuti paiva 4 butyl doro, rimwe nerimwe raiva isomer. Yaiva kukunda chaiyo STRUCTURAL dzidziso.

dzidziso tautomerism

Nokuti nguva kubva 1862 kusvika 1865 chokuita inokosha nzvimbo akaratidza Butlerov matsva zvino reversible isomerization tautomerism. munyori wayo vaifunga kuti mashandiro kuti cleavage ari muchiva maumbirwo mamorekuru uye vanosanganisa navo vakasara nokuumbwa mamorekuru itsva zvakasiyana marongerwo. The musayendisiti akataura tinofanira kushandisa makemikari pezvakaitwa simba kusvika. Nemamwe mashoko, vanofanira kunzi sezvo zvakanyatsoenzana. kutendeseka Alexander sechinhu munyori tautomerism dzidziso vakaziva kunyange Peter Laar, mumwe kemisiti wokuGermany, uyo akaumba mashoko okuti shoko "tautomerism".

Tutorial mu Chemistry

Zvino Butlerova basa raiva kushandisa ake STRUCTURAL dzidziso ane pachinhu yeimwe zvose uye zvinoitwa makemikari kemisitiri, uyewo kusika bhuku idzva iri makemikari kemisitiri. In bhuku zvose zvakavapo dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa kubudikidza prism iri dzidziso zvaakasika. Anenge 2 Makore Butlerov akashanda yawo zvisikwa. zvabudiswa nhatu (munguva kubvira 1864 kusvika 1866), bhuku rakanyorwa naAlexander M. "Nhanganyaya kudzidza makemikari kemisitiri zvakakwana." Zviri nokure chero kuzivikanwa panguva mabhuku. Butlerova basa kwakaita kumukira sayenzi. Nechekare muna 1867 takatanga kugadzirira kushandura uye bhuku zvebhuku rino muna German. Paivawo shanduro mune mimwe mitauro mikuru Europe.

Rest muna Butlerovke basa St. Petersburg University

Ndapedza basa iri bhuku kakawanda akanga ari kuchamuka yake Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. mhuri nguva yake yakawanda pavhiki, uyai pano. Mwanakomana muduku, Volodya, uyo 2 namakore, aida kutamba pamusoro wemarudzi, yaiva pedyo neimba. Ndaifarira kuzorora pano uye Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Interesting zvinhu nezvake zvinosanganisira chido ruva kurimwa uye kusikwa muunganidzwa nezvipembenene.

Zvisinei, zvino Butlerov inopedzwa shoma nguva ari yezvirwere, akatevera Zvakawanikwa masayendisiti. At kutanga pamusoro Mendeleev, yakakurumbira kemisiti, muchirimo 1868 Alexander kuti ndishande pahofisi St. Petersburg University. Pano akatanga kutsoropodza, uyewo kurongwa kwayo namakemikari murabhoritari. Masayendisiti akasikwa nzira itsva pakudzidzisa. Iye zvinganaka rabhoritari tsika, zvino vakagamuchira zvikuru. Students mukirasi kudzidzira makemikari michina.

Kuwana isobutylene

Butlerof akaramba tsvakurudzo kuti akakurukura STRUCTURAL dzidziso. Aida kuratidza kuti twasu uye mapazi kabhoni cheni inogona marudzi ose Organic yeimwe. kubvuma uku kunobva dzidziso yake. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuzviratidza uchidzidzira. Pakupedzisira, zvinoitwa aAlexander kubudirira. Iye akapiwa-refu akamirirwa isobutylene. Saka, kuvapo mapazi-chain yeHydrocarbon kare nekusimba.

Kubatanidzwa munzanga muupenyu St. Petersburg

Butlerov, kuwedzera kutsvakurudza mabasa, zviri kuitika mumagakava muupenyu guru reRussia. Progressive munharaunda nguva kunyanya kunetseka nyaya kwevanhukadzi dzidzo. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vakadzi vave kuwana dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Kuti aite izvi, zvokurapa uye kuvhiya chikoro rakavambwa paYunivhesiti kuti Women. Uyezve, pane dzakarongwa Bestuzhev vanhukadzi makosi, iro Alexander akapa hurukuro yake pamusoro kemisitiri.

Nhengo Academy of Sciences

The mabasa musayendisiti iyi paakavapa neDare Academy of Sciences. Butlerov akasarudzwa muna 1871 zvinoshamisa academician, uye pashure 3 years - uye zvavo. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, akamuka mufurati muchivako muridzi ne chikoro. Pano aigara uye Zinin Nikolai Nikolaevich. Long-vamire ushamwari naye ave mberi akasimbisa pedyo napedyo.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Life uye basa Aleksandra Butlerova kusvikira achangopfuura makore vakasonganira nesayenzi. Asi makore akapfuura uye kirasi vadzidzi vakava chinokuremera Butlerova. The musayendisiti vakasarudza kusiya kuyunivhesiti. Akaverenga vachimuoneka hurukuro 4 April 1880 sarudzo uyu akasangana yakadzika mwoyo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti dare zvesayenzi akabvunza aAlexander mutsigiri. Iye akasarudzwa kwemamwe makore 5.

Butlerov kushomeka mabasa kuyunivhesiti. Akaverenga chete huru Chokwadi, uye nguva shoma pavhiki mubasa yezvirwere muzvirongwa. August 5, 1886 akafa vascular occlusions Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Photos chapel pamusoro guva Butlerova akapa pamusoro.