Inonyanya mufananidzo zvinogona uye mhando zvinogona

Mumwe nomumwe wedu, rimwe nzira kana mumwe, atarisana nezvifananidzo. Ngatimboonai mubvunzo anonzwisisa iri izwi iri zvishoma yakakura. Pashure pezvose mufananidzo zvinogona dzinosanganisira kwete chete Graphics (mifananidzo, mapikicha, akachangamuka, cartoons, etc.), asiwo mavhidhiyo. Yoga vanogara faira kutendeuka nyaya, uyewo kuchengetera imwe mhando mashoko.

Ndezvipi mufananidzo zvinogona?

ruzivo Izvi inochengetwa faira, iro rakagadzirirwa Data Visualization (kuuratidza pamusoro playback mudziyo akadai tarisisa, TV, aidhinda, mobile mano, etc.).

Kana zvikuru mashoko ari faira, kazhinji kacho zvinoita rinotsanangura kuri nzira, iyo nzira rakasikwa chimedu kunofambira mberi kana guru mufananidzo, saizi yayo (kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa kukura faira), nhamba nokudzika mavara uye noruvara, uye zvichingodaro.

Pfungwa Vector uye Raster Graphics

Kutanga, funga kuti mufananidzo zvinogona anoshandiswa bedzi mune mwero kunzwisisa Graphics. Zvinofanira kuva pachena kusiyana Vector uye bitmap Graphics. nezvemarudzi maviri Ava chawo.

Vector Graphics rinobvumira Visualization ari chinhu kwakavakirwa kwemasvomhu rondedzero yakatarwa pakati uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. zvinhu anoumba mufananidzo, makatumidzwa primitives. Ava nyore pfungwa avanoziva zvose vachiri pachikoro. Izvi pfungwa, mitsetse, makakombama, madenderedzwa, polygons, etc.

Kunakisa nzira iri kukwanisa kurondedzera mune imwe kwemasvomhu muenzaniso ane pamadiro vakawanda nomumwe zvinhu pasina yekudyidzana kuwedzera kukura rokupedzisira faira. Uyezve, pane raidudzwa chaizvo scalability unokubvumira kushandura kukura mumwe nomumwe maatomu akafanana kana zvakakwana yakatarwa pasina kurasikirwa kunaka mufananidzo. anorondedzera algorithm kwakadaro yakakodzera zvikurukuru Graphics vakasikwa manually Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe Graphics mupepeti. For mapikicha nzira iyi haisi kushanda.

Raster Graphics kunosanganisira kushandisa grid chaiyo rinosanganisira rectangular zvinhu (pixels) mavara akasiyana, inonzi pixels. Pano, mufananidzo unhu vagara vandifungira pajira riya saizi (more pixels pakureba uye upamhi, kana avo zvachose kuita, nani mufananidzo), nhamba mavara vavo nokudzika, ari Zvakarurama ruvara gamut (ruvara nzvimbo) uye chisarudzo (nhamba pixels por chikwata nharaunda). Saka, nzira iyi inogona kugadzirisa zvinhu chero kunzwisisa uye kumbira kuchinja chete kumeso kubva ruvara kune mumwe, kuti asipo ari vector girafu. Asi mufananidzo nyore kazhinji vane saizi guru kwazvo faira uye mukana chaiwo scaling ipfupi kusvika razero.

The emhando dzakawanda zvinowanzovapo kwakajeka mifananidzo

Zvino uzvione faira zvinogona zvifananidzo zvinoshandiswa zvemichina kombiyuta kakawanda.

BMP - nyore musiyano wezvinyorwa, inobva RGB ruvara zano (tsvuku, mutema, nezvakarukwa zvitema) uye kuva zvakarurama simba compression algorithm pasina kurasikirwa unhu. Kubatsirwa haana, kunyange mafaira yakakura chaizvo.

Jpg (jpeg) - vakawanda zvinowanika rinonyanya kushandiswa chitoro mapikicha. Compression kunokosha, asi unhu kurasikirwa guru chaizvo. Pashure simba marwadzo kudzorera yepakutanga Data havagoni kuva, asi kana iwe kurerutsa nayo, misiyano hadzisi kuoneka, asi faira saizi achava duku zvikuru.

PNG - mumwe dzinonakidza zvikuru zvinogona, izvo zvinogona compressed pasina kurasikirwa yepamusoro. Animation haritsigiri youduku ichi (kwakafanana rapfuura maviri), asi kana uchishandisa vanonzi Alpha mugero nechimwe Pixel, unogona kutaridzwa nenhanho pachena, izvo zvinoita zvishoma yakafanana zvinotevera mhando Graphics.

GIF - nemanyorerwo hunotsigira akachangamuka uye simba compression algorithms pasina kurasikirwa yepamusoro. chikuru mukana wayo kuti unogona kusika nhevedzano mifananidzo ine cyclical kudzokororwa kana kuchinja mumwe. Pasinei simba kudzika ruvara, zvikurukuru kushandiswa "kurarama" Wallpaper, wakagara smileys uye vomukombiyuta.

Tiff - a pamanyorerwo kuti kakawanda kushandiswa nenyanzvi padandemutande vagadziri nokuti kuti ane mukuru ruvara kudzika (192 matomu). Compression rinoitwa pasina kurasikirwa, asi kuti vashande pamwe youduku ichi pasina kurovedza chinokosha zvakaoma chaizvo. Browsers mifananidzo iri mhando kushanda havatsigiri.

ICO - nemanyorerwo nokuda kuvake zvakasikwa nokuti anobvumira kushandiswa kwazvo duku miganhu vanodhirowa. Zvisinei, maererano mamiriro, zviri zvishoma nowenyika BMP, vachitsigirwa GIF uye PNG mhando pachena nzira.

EPS - nemanyorerwo ari mhando mbiri: Vector uye Raster Graphics. Ainyanya kushandiswa kutsikisa kana pakusikwa fonts kana mberi kunosanganisira kushandisa mufananidzo goho mano PostScript.

PICT - Macintosh ndicho format. pakawanda Its iri yokuti rimwe mufananidzo faira anogona zvine Vector uye bitmap Graphics, ruzha, mune ruvara kudzika, uye anoshandisawo kunoramba nzira RLE-compression.

PCX - nemanyorerwo kuchengetera Raster mifananidzo ine ruvara kudzama 24 matomu. Compression ndiko kutsanya chaizvo, asi kwete yakakodzera kuchinja zvakawanda Graphics, zvakadai nemifananidzo.

Raw - yezvisikwa Manyorerwo yaishandiswa mifananidzo kuuya zvakananga kubva digitaalinen Camera. Nezvake tinogona kutaura kuti izvi ndizvo zvakanaka mufananidzo format. Inogona kuva mbishi mashoko kubudiswa kwete chete mifananidzo asiwo kurira. Uyezve, kutsigira Meta-mashoko rinopa mukana chaizvo kushanda kubudiswa uye compression algorithms lossless kana lossy chero chechetere. Format zvikuru chaizvo uye kunoda vamwe ruzivo kana tichishanda naye.

Formats vane unyanzvi Graphics faira mupepeti

Kunze mureza marudzi zvinogona kupatsanurwa yoga Graphics zvinogona kushandiswa unyanzvi vapepeti.

PDF - a pamanyorerwo kuti anogona dzine mavara uye mufananidzo Data. Dzakagadzirirwa dzesangano Adobe. nemanyorerwo Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa dzakasiyana compression dzokubvisa nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana huri chipfuro faira. Nhasi, chinhu zvakasikwa zvikurukuru hwokugadzira mapepa mune zvemagetsi chimiro.

CDR - vector youduku hwakajeka mupepeti Corel raSwedera. Process zvinokwanisika chete iyi yekombiyuta. Other vapepeti zvisina anotsigirwa, asi ari nyore aivigirwa kune dzimwe zvinogona.

AI - pamanyorerwo yepurogiramu Adobe Illustrator, vachitsigirwa nedzimwe vapepeti dzakawanda. The chikuru chepfungwa - inonyanya mufananidzo kudzikama uye azere kugarisana pamwe PostScript rwokugadzira. Rinogona kushandiswa zvenguva Manyorerwo kuti kutamira kubva mumwe.

PSD - yakanakisisa mufananidzo pamanyorerwo yekombiyuta Adobe Photoshop kuti Editing yakaoma zvenguva mifananidzo. Anobvumira kushandiswa akaturikidzana nokusanganisira modes, asi ane yepamusoro chisarudzo zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe zvinogona. Sezvo rokupedzisira zvinowanika kuti pakuponesa mafaira rinoshandiswa chete mune chirongwa.

Larger urongwa

Kana isu kutaura kubudiswa guru-youduku zvifananidzo, apo uchida kufungawo mukuru akadzama, unofanira kushandisa mbishi, tiff kana PSD.

Zvisinei, zhinji nyanzvi pikicha nemavhidhiyo makamera, une arrays pamusoro 20-25 M, vane zvavanoda. Vazhinji vavo dzakashandisa vakawanda marudzi zvinogona. Zvose zvinoenderana pazviruva ari kamera pachayo. Izvi zvinoshandawo Mobile namano.

The Mhando chikuru mavhidhiyo uye Animations

Zvino muchidimbu vhidhiyo, nokuti, zvakare, unogona mune dzimwe pfungwa kududzirwa sezvo mufananidzo, kana kutoti kutaridza rakatumbuka mifananidzo (mapuranga). Pano, kuti kutituma inhamba emadziro por wechipiri (the) uye mufananidzo kukura mune pixels.

Pakutanga, ava mambakwedza digitaalinen video, yaiva aizivikanwa AVI format, iro rinoshandiswa, uye saka kure, nokuti rudzi mudziyo mashoko kupatsanurwa kana compressed zvakasiyana zvachose nzira (codecs). Kutamba kunoda chinokosha decoder.

Papera chinguva pakanga anozivikanwa zvinogona zvakadai, akadai WMV, MPG, mkv, MP4, vob, TS, uye vamwe vazhinji, ekupedzisira anogona kunzi kunyange somunhu mukuru-chisarudzo mifananidzo TV zvinogona runovabvumira kutamba mafaira vane HD unhu mitemo, Full HD (2K) kana Ultra HD (4k).

Kana akachangamuka, zvino kupfuura akakurumbira ndiye Flash kwemichina. Pakutanga, zvakanga pave Macromedia, Inc. asi zvino atenga kubudikidza Adobe uye yekudyidzana upgraded. Pamanyorerwo mafaira izvi - SWF. Rinoshandiswa zvikurukuru kusika Animations diki, kombiyuta Animations, mireza kana vane mwero mitambo.

Mobile hurongwa

Kana isu kutaura Mobile gadziriro (smartphones uye mahwendefa kwakavakirwa Android, iOS, Blackberry, etc.), ari kushandiswa mufananidzo zvinogona vari apo neapo. Zvikurukuru, mureza mufananidzo zvinogona uye kombiyuta Graphics, uye mavhidhiyo. Zvisinei, hapana akagadzirwa codecs uye decoders zvevamwe mhando mavhidhiyo hazvigoni kuridzwa. naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko rokutendeutsa yakatsvuka acho kuva zvakasiyana mhando.

Somuenzaniso, kwakajairika nhare chete kubvuma 3GP format. Android kana iOS vanokurudzira kushandisa MP4. Asi sezvo yose haina kuita.

Changing dzinokosha parameters mifananidzo

Zvichida vose vanonyatsoziva kuti fora rinofanira kuitwa panorongwa.

Basic mashandiro nokuti resizing, kufungisisa, tenderera, skew, uye vamwe kunogona kuitwa kunyange zvikuru chinyakare Paint mupepeti, yaisanganisira ani "OSes» Windows.

Kana, zvisinei, zvinoda matanho zvikuru kunzwisisa Somuenzaniso, kushandura ruvara, saturation, Asi fora, akaitwa nhurikidzwa, akatsemura mufananidzo kupinda yoga zvinoriumba, nezvimwewo, unofanira kushandisa nyanzvi pasuru akafanana pamusoro sezvo Corel raSwedera kana Adobe Photoshop.

Video fora ane utility yayo Somuenzaniso, Vegas Pro. Kuwedzera mwero features, vanogona kushandisa chaiwo migumisiro, uye simulation hurongwa anobvumira kuchinjirwa kune mumwe pre-akavaka kwemasvomhu wakanaka mufananidzo chaiye mhando kuitwa filmed hondo Morpheus uye Neo ari chikamu chokutanga "The Matrix."

urongwa Conversion

Kushandurwa (kutendeuka) chinoitwa pachishandiswa zvokushandisa anonzi converters. Imwe dzepamusorosoro vamiririri - Xilisoft Video Converter, izvo zvinogona kutendeutsa uye Graphics, uye mavhidhiyo.

Nokuti Graphics unogona kusarudza Somuenzaniso, ACDSee Ashampoo Photo Wehondo, Free Image Exchange Uye Resize kana zvimwewo. Nhasi, zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinogona kuwanikwa kwazvo.

Chinhu choga unofanira kuteerera ndeyekupedzisira zvinowanika uye zvinoita kurasikirwa yepamusoro (mufananidzo compression urongwa). Kana kuona mufananidzo kana vhidhiyo iri pafoni yako kana piritsi, hazvizovi zvakadaro kuoneka, asi nomusi TV Panel richava kuoneka chaizvo musiyano.

Chii nemanyorerwo vanosarudza pandingaunganidzira mashoko?

Photo pamusoro kombiyuta inogona kuchengetwa mune yezvisikwa jpg-format. Paunoongorora navo uri tarisisa mumwe yakajeka chinokosha chinodiwa. Chimwe chinhu, kana uchida kudhinda mifananidzo. Pano zviri nani kushandisa pakutanga zvinowanika Camera.

Kana kushandura rimwe pamanyorerwo mumwe kudzorera "tsime bumbiro" dzimwe nguva hazvitomboiti, saka kupa mafaira kuti Studio, avo pakutanga chitarisiko hakufaniri kushandurwa. Kunze iri kana uine zvakakodzera ruzivo uye zvibereko aongorore pachako kushandisa Software nenyanzvi.

Izvozvo zvinongofanana nokushandura mazuva pavhidhiyo. Zvose zvinoenderana sei zvichakanganisa kuonekwa chero mudziyo.

mhedziso

Image Formats zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana, kunogona Graphics, uye mavhidhiyo. Nyaya akaongorora zvikuru nevanhu zvinogona. Mibvunzo kuti kugadzira yavo uye kuchinja, pakusarudza software, pamanyorerwo rinoshandiswa kuchengetera data, nezvimwewo, mumwe User anosarudza pacharo.