Bretton Woods maitiro

The Bretton Woods maitiro yakatangwa muna 1944. zita raro rinobva kunzvimbo musangano yakaitwa, guta Bretton Woods. Vamiririri kunyika dzakasiyana vakagumisa kuti zvakakodzera kuti zvimwe zvinhu kuti huripo nzira youpenyu. Pane zvakare sangano reInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) somunhu pamutemo muviri mhosva Implementation anokosha urongwa wegadziriro.

The International mari Hurongwa - kuva ukama izvo zvave somugumisiro zvikwereti, kugarwa nevamwe kwema pamusoro kutengwa uye kutengeswa kwenhumbi pakati kunyika dzakasiyana. Kutanga itsva yakaitwa kuti asimbise inogona kuenderera Gengi, zvakanzi akaronga kugovera elasticity ayo shanduko Akaroromesawo kukosha mureza goridhe.

The Bretton Woods mari hurongwa kunoratidzwa zvinotevera dzinokosha:

• Kuomerera yegoridhe Exchange mureza, ndiko kuti, sezvo mari nokuda vachibhadhara pakati inoti akapfuura US American dhora, uye kuda kwaari pondo wounhu uye muchiso.
• Vakapona ndarama parity kuti mari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti goridhe kunogona kuwanikwa mukutsinhana bepa mari panguva yakatarwa unodiwa.
• Kutanga wakaiswa Gengi norudzi bvumidzwa kutsauka pane uwandu rimwe muzana.
• Kuona kutsiga kosi. Shandisa nzira dzakadai revaluation uye kuderedza inoitiswa neHurumende, kana zvichidikanwa.
• Uye Zvechokwadi, pakusikwa IMF uye World Bank kuti aivabatsira chirongwa pamwe pakati penyika uye kutsigirana kune mumwe.

Rakanga vaifungidzira kuti munyika kuchinja Gengi ndiyo musimboti bhengi. In zvinoitirwawo zvisingafadzi. ezvinhu Somuenzaniso, kukwidza mwero kukarukureta chikwata kuti saregerereka dhigirii, iye akasunungura kumusika vakawanda mari, nokudaro achidzikisa kudiwa payo. Uye maererano, zvinopesana neizvi mamiriro ezvinhu akanga aona kana rikawira.

Kana vakaita Bretton Woods Conference, nepfungwa huru yaiva kupa neHurumende mukana anozvipira kuchinja ari kukurumidza kuchinja mapoka. basa iri achinyanya vakashumira goridhe mureza. Zvisinei, zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti kubudirira munhu akapiwa chinzvimbo kwenguva duku, nokuti kubvira 1950, zvinoshingaira kukura matambudziko pamusoro renyika.

Saka, kana pamusika zvemari nehasha kwakawedzera zvazvingava, hurumende anosarudza mumwe maviri dzinoshanda kusarudza kugadzirisa izvi: kana kuti kuvimba kubudirira mari mutemo, kana kupinda itsva wakaiswa zvazvingava. Kana zvinodiwa kuti nzira yechipiri, panodikanwa kuti kushandura mutemo zvemari kuti vaizotadzisa kudzokororwa rwakashata zviitiko mune ramangwana. Kazhinji, patinotarisana dambudziko rakadai, hurumende haina kuda kuita chaizvo kusarudza vachida kana kuita. Pashure pezvose, chero chinhu kungaita kuti kuwedzera nhamba havashande munyika, kuti izvo hurumende yakanga isina kugadzirira.

The Bretton Woods mari hurongwa kwaibva kuchinja mararamiro mari inokwana, ukuwo Gengi nendarama akasara chete pamwero munguva yose nguva kushanda wegadziriro. It anotaura pamusoro safunga kushandiswa zviripo simba, sezvo kuchengeterwa goridhe anoonekwa kuva mutsigiri akavimbika, nekuti mutengo wayo hauna akarasika pamusoro nguva.

Nokudaro, Bretton Woods maitiro aishanda IMF kuti nhengo nyika kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu uye inotarisirwa zvabuda havana kuuya. Izvi imhaka chinokosha gakava, wakange akaiswa panguva sangano rayo. The nyika yose yakavakwa pamusoro nheyo nhare US dhora uye Kudzikamiswa dzimwe mari pazvinhu kwairi. Zvisinei, inogona kuenderera Gengi aigona chete kuitwa Akaroromesawo nechigadziko mari, kureva US dhora. Pokuwa hurongwa yakaitika nokuda tichishingaira kukura mitengo panguva dzakawanda chechetere.