"Boko Haram" isangano guru reNigerian Islamist. Misa inopisa vana neVaIslam muNigeria

Parizvino, kutyisidzirwa kwekutambudzwa kwegandanga kune chikamu chevamiririri vemiganhu yakawanda yeIslam kuri kuwana zviyero zvakakura, zvave kutova dambudziko renyika yose. Uyezve, masangano ezvimhosva anozviti uye anoparidzira Salafi Islam, haangoshanda chete kuMiddle East. Ivo varipo muAfrica yeAfrica. Kuwedzera kune anonzi "Al-Shabaab", "Al-Qaeda", boka guru re "Boko Haram", iro rave richizivikanwa nokuda kwezvakaipa zvaro zvinotyisa uye zvinotyisa, zviri pakati pavo. Chero zvakadaro, asi zvirongwa zvevatungamiri vekugadzirisa kwechitendero ichi zvakakura kwazvo, kuitira kuti vabudirire "chinangwa" chavo vacharamba vachiuraya vanhu vasina mhosva. Zviremera zveAfrica zviri kuedza kurwisana nemagandanga eIslam, asi izvi hazviiti nguva dzose. Chii chinonyanya kushandiswa kweBhoko Haram? Ngationgororei nyaya ino muchidimbu.

Historical background

Muvambi uye ideologist wesangano iri pamusoro apa munhu anonzi Mohammed Yusuf. Ndiye iye uyo muna 2002 akagadzira nzvimbo yekudzidzisa muguta reMaiduguri (Nigeria).

Bhuku rake re brain brain rakanzi "Boko Haram", zvinoreva kuti "Western - sin" muchiRussia. Nheyo yekurambwa kwekuMadokero kweEuropean Europe yakashandiswa zvakare sechikonzero chekutaura kweboka rake. Nenguva isipi, "Boko Haram" yakashandurwa ikava shanduko huru yekupikisana nehurumende dzeNigeria, uye chirevo chevanhu vezvematongerwo enyika vakapomera hurumende yekuve chiputi mumaoko emaWest.

Dzidziso

Chii chakange chaitwa na Mohammed Yusuf nevateveri vake? Nenzira, nyika yake yekuzvarwa yaigara pasi pemitemo ye Sharia, uye zvose zvakazadziswa zveMadokero yeEurope tsika, sayenzi, unyanzvi zvakarambwa kamwechete uye zvachose. Kunyange kupfeka suti uye tayi yakanga yakasarudzwa sechinhu chisingazivikanwi. Chinokosha ndechekuti sangano "Boko Haram" harina hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika. Zvose izvo zvinokanganisa zvinogona kuita ndezvekupara mhosva: kubata vakuru vakuru, mabasa ekupandukira uye kuuraya vanhu. Sangano rinobhadharwa nembavha, rudzikinuro rwevakabatwa uye hupfumi hwemari.

Kuedza kubata simba

Saka, nemubvunzo we "Boko Haram" muNigeria nhasi, zvakawanda zvakajeka. Uye chii chaive kuunganidza makore mashoma apfuura?

Akanga achiri kuwana simba nesimba. Pakupera kweZero, Mohammed Yusuf akaedza kubata simba munyika yacho nesimba, asi chiito chacho chakanyanyiswa, uye iye pachake akatumirwa kujeri, kwaakaurayiwa. Asi pasina nguva "Boko Haram" yakanga ine mutungamiri mutsva - mumwe munhu Abubakar Shekau, uyo akaenderera mberi nemutemo wekutya.

Maitiro emabasa

Pari zvino, nhengo dzeNigerian dzinotaura nezvayo se "West African Province of the Islamic State." Sangano rinodzora nyika yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweNigeria ndeyema 5-6 zviuru zvevarwi. Asi nzvimbo yezvemhosva inopfuurira mberi kwenyika: magandanga anotengeswa kuCameroon, Chad nedzimwe nyika dzeAfrica. Maiwe, asi zviremera hazvigoni kungoita matambudziko nemagandanga: vanoda rubatsiro kubva kunze. Nokuti ikozvino, mazana nemazana evanhu vasina mhosva vanotambudzika.

Kwete kare kare, mutungamiriri wemagandanga akakura akapikira kuvimbika kune sangano rezvemhosva "Islamic State". Sehuchapupu hwekuzvitsaurira kweG, boka reBhoko Haram rakatuma vanhu vanenge mazana maviri kuRibhiya kuti vaite hondo.

Mass terror

Mhosva dzeNigerian radicals dzinoita zvinotyisa mukutsinyeka kwavo, nokudaro zvichiita kuti vanhu varege kutya. Kuurayiwa kwemapurisa, kutambudzwa kwegandanga uye kuparadzwa kwekereke dzechiKristu - izvi ndezvimwe zvezvakaipa zvemagandanga.

Muna 2015 chete, varwi ve "Boko Haram" muCameroon vakabata vanhu, panguva yegungwa remuguta Fotokol akauraya vanhu vanopfuura zana, vakatanga hurumende kurwiswa muAbadam. Mukuwedzera, vakauraya vanhu vemuNzhaba, uye vakadzi nevana vakadzingwa muDhamasiko.

Mumusi wegore ra2014, UN Security Council yakashuma kuti sangano guru reNigerian Islamist Boko Haram raizivikanwa seboka remagandanga.

Chimwe chigumbuso chinokanganisa chakaitwa nemagandanga mumusha weChibok. Ikoko vakatora vanasikana vanopfuura 270 vechikoro. Nhau iyi yakabva yawana rusununguko rukuru rwevanhu. Nhengo dzezvemitemo dzakanyatsofungisisa pamusoro pebasa racho kuti vasunungure vatapwa. Asi, tarisai, vashomanana chete ndivo vakakwanisa kuchengetedza. Vazhinji vevasikana vakatendeukira kuIslam, mushure mezvo vakamanikidzwa kuroorwa.

Kuuraya vana

Uipi hutsinye uye hunotyisa hwakaitika mumusha weDalory, uri pedyo neguta reMaidahuri (kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kwenyika).

Yakawanikwa kuti nhengo dzeboka reBhoko Haram dzakapisa vana 86. Maererano nezviitiko zvezviitiko zvakashamisika zvakakwanisa kupukunyuka, varwi vaiva pamotokari nemotokari vakapinda mumusha, vakazarura moto kune vagari vevanhu ndokukandira mabhenji pamisha yavo. Mitumbi yevana yakatsva mhenyu yakachinja ikava murwi wemadota. Asi vanyengeri chete vakatsamwisa. Vapambi vakaparadza mapoka maviri evapoteri.

Kudzora zviyero

Zvinonzwisisika, zviremera hazvigoni kukundikana kuita zvese zvakatevedzana zvekugandirwa kwegandanga nemasimba. Uye havana kurangwa muNigeria chete, asiwo kuCameroon, Niger neBenin. Kukurukurirana kwakaitwa pane dambudziko rekupikisana nevanyengeri rakakurukurwa zvakadzama. Somugumisiro, hurongwa hwakagadzirwa nokuda kwekuendeswa kweMixed Multinational Forces (SMS), iyo yaifanira kubvisa varwi. Maererano nekufungidzira kwekutanga, simba reuto rezvemitemo rinofanira kuva mauto anenge 9 000, kwete chete mauto asiwo mapurisa akabatanidzwa mukushanda.

Operation plan

Nharaunda yekuita zviito kuparadza varwi yakanga yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu, chimwe nechimwe chayo chakavakirwa nehurumende. Imwe iri muBaga (pamahombekombe eLake Chad), imwe iri muGambor (pedyo nemuganhu neCameroon), uye chechitatu mumuganhu wekumabvazuva weMora (kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweNigeria).

Kana iri komusoro-soro weMarudzi Akasiyana-siyana, iye achava muNeDjamena. Basa racho raitungamirirwa neNigerian general Illya Abakh, uyo aiva nehupenyu hwekuparadza varwi.

Vane hurumende vemunyika vanotarisira kuti boka re "Boko Haram" richakwanisa kupedza kusvika pakupera kwegore rino, tichifunga kuti hondo nevanorambidza hurumende haizotora nguva yakawanda.

Ndezvipi zvinogona kuderedza dambudziko racho?

Zvisinei, haisi zvinhu zvose zvakajeka sezvatingada. Kuti basa ribudirire, hurumende dzeSMS dzinoda kugadzirisa matambudziko emagariro evanhu nekukurumidza. Vashandi vanoshandisa zvinangwa zvavo pachavo kusagutsikana kwevagari veIslami vane tsika shoma yekurarama, huori uye hurumende inotonga nehurumende. MuNigeria, hafu yevagari vemuMuslim.

Mumwe haagoni kukonzera imwezve mamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvingakanganisa kukurumidza kwekushanda. Ichokwadi ndechokuti zviremera zvehurumende dzakawanda dzeAfrica yeAfrica zvakaderedzwa nehondo dzevagari vemo, izvo zvakagara kwenguva inopfuura gore.

Hurumende inongorasikirwa kutonga pane imwe nzvimbo yenharaunda dzayo, uko kutonga kwechokwadi kunotonga. Izvi ndizvo zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa, maSulumamu anozvipira kune rumwe rutivi, izvo zvisingachinji mukusarudza kwavo mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Chero zvakadaro, asi siloviki inokwanisa kukwanisa kutungamirira mashoma emabasa ekubudirira kuparadza magandanga. Somuenzaniso, varwi vakaurayiwa musango, pedyo neguta reMaiduguri. Uyewo kumadokero kweguta reKuseri (kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweCameroon), hondo ye CMC yakavhara nhengo dzinenge makumi mana dzeBhoko Haram.

Zvinosuruvarisa, vhidhiyo veMadokero nhasi havasati vatarisira zvinyorwa zvinopesana nevanhu vanoitwa nesangano "Boko Haram" munharaunda yeAfrica yeAfrica. Zvose zvinotarisirwa ku "Islamic state", kunyange zvazvo kutyisidzirwa kunoitwa neboka reNigeria kunewo zvakakomba zvikuru. Magazini nemagazini muNigeria havane simba rekuudza nyika nezvezvinetso zvavo. Inoramba ichitarisirwa kuti mamiriro acho ezuva rimwe nerimwe achachinja, uye West haichazovi pachena kubva mumatambudziko ehugandanga muSouth Africa.