Biological pfuma Gungwa Barents: unhu, zvinhu uye rondedzero

The Sea Barents iri munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa zvikamu Arctic Ocean uye anogeza Norway uye Russia. zita kwayo wakagamuchira 1853 kubudikidza Willem Barents, uyo akanga Dutch aidzidzisa. Kudzidza uku mvura muviri yakatanga muna 1821, asi chokutanga characterization wakakwana yaiumbwa chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Asi chii chinokosha pamusoro payo uye chii vari zvipenyu pfuma Gungwa Barents?

nzvimbo

Sezvambotaurwa, kune Barents Sea - weChicago duku gungwa munyika, izvo zviri akaparadzaniswa chitsuwa (Spitsbergen, Vaigach, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya uye dzeAkituro). Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa bordered nokuda makungwa maviri - White uye Kara. Southwest Waterfront doro inotangira nechomukati, ane zvakawanda yakakwirira mawere uye bays Fjord, soro iyo anonzi Varangian, Porsangerfjord, Kola uye Motovsky. Asi kumabvazuva ezvinhu anosiyana-siyana kwazvo: mhenderekedzo kunova rezasi uye zvishoma inotangira nechomukati. Kudzika bays, chikuru vavo - Khaipudyrskaya, Czech uye Pechora muromo. The Sea Barents haasi akafuma kwazvo pachitsuwa. Chikuru chacho chitsuwa Kolguev.

hydrology

Water pfuma muGungwa Barents vari kuramba kukasawedzerwa nenzizi huru mbiri - ndiko indigo uye Pechora. The mvura mugungwa, kureva, ayo pamusoro achigara munyika zvitange. Inoyerera vari denderedzwa counterclockwise. Nechepakati chikamu gungwa, masayendisiti akawana nyika dzenzvimbo. Kuchinja vachivavhiringidza izvi zvinogona kuitika pasi pokudzora mvura Exchange nemamwe makungwa, uye kubva nokuchinja mhepo negwara. Mukuru kuchinja romumhenderekedzo yegungwa chikamu vari vachikanda-naTidhari dzenzvimbo. Zviyero muGungwa Barents uye rinotsigirwa kuburikidza mvura akapoteredza yamakungwa. The zvachose Vhoriyamu mvura iri Kutamiswa pakati pagore, akaenzana ¼ yose mvura mu Dam ichi.

Geological date

The Sea Barents riri Continental pasherufu. Chinosiyanisa kubva zvakafanana reservoirs kuti vano- chakajairika kudzika 300-400 metres, asi avhareji anonzi - 222 m, uye kufadza - 600 M pasi kwenzvimbo iri zvakasiyana-siyana :. Pano unogona kuona bani (Central Plateau), uye kuora mwoyo (Central, kunonyanyisa udzamu - 386 m) uye kwakadzikira (naPerseus kunonyanyisa udzamu - 63 m), uye muchimwiro (West, 600 M zvakadzama, uye Franz-Victoria - 430 m). Kufukidza pasi kumaodzanyemba chikamu vakawanda jecha, neapo unogona kuwana mavhu uye hurungudo. In hwokumusoro uye nechepakati zvikamu nevakariri madhaka uye jecha. Kumativi ose uye pane admixture marara, nekuti pane zvakafanana yekare glacial deposits.

mamiriro okunze

Okunze munharaunda iyi kufurirwa mbiri pakatarisana kupisa zvemupiro penyanza - kuAtlantic uye kweArctic. Kakawanda chinjana inodziya madutu runoyerera mhepo inotonhora, iyo inotungamirira kusagadzikana okunze. Inotsanangurawo kuti yemadutu vari Kazhinji pano. Avhareji tembiricha iri chaizvo yakasiyana siyana pamigumo yegungwa, somuenzaniso, muna February, kuchamhembe zvinogona inowira -25, uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kungova -4 inegumi. Izvozvo ndizvo zvazvakaita muna August - kuchamhembe - kubva 0 kusvika +1 dhigirii, kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva - kusvika 10. Mamiriro okunze ari inenge nguva ramakore, zuva unogona kubuda chete kashoma, uye ipapo chete kuti maawa mashoma. okunze uyu migumisiro iciness yakakwirira Barents. Chete rwezasi-dzokumadokero chikamu nokusingaperi vakabatikana chando zvinogumbura. Muna April, chando Nhongonya, kureva 75% of dura inogarwa zvinoyangarara chando.

Biological pfuma Gungwa Barents

Kusiyana kasvisto uye fauna of mu dura ichi guru kwazvo, izvi zvose anopa upenyu kuna benthos uye plankton. Benthos - zvipenyu zviduku duku kuti kurarama mujecha nemuGungwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose mhuka uye zvinomera. By zoobenthos zvinosanganisira Starfish, stingrays, scallops, magakanje, oysters uye nezvimwewo. By Phytobenthos zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana siyana algae kuti dzakashandisa kurarama pasina chiedza chezuva. Plankton - siyana zvipenyu zviduku kuti kuyangarara takasununguka mumvura uye havagoni kuratidza vamwe kuramba kuyerera. Izvi zvinosanganisira utachiona, zviduku mhando matope, dzemugungwa, hove mazana uye invertebrates. Dyarai pfuma Gungwa Barents zvavo murombo chaizvo, sezvo riri kuchamhembe kweArctic. Rare kana pangozi kuwanikwa. Macroalgae muzvizhinji nezvezvikwata (194) vanogara egungwa Murmansk. Masayendisiti akawana pano 75 tsvuku, 39 girini uye 80 subspecies dzebhurauni.

zvomugungwa

Hove kweGungwa Barents mari yakakura zvakakwana. Naizvozvo, pane zvakanaka dzakabudirira hove. Kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti vaverenga 114 marudzi, asi chinonyanya kukosha pachinhu Fisheries vanoonekwa 20 navo. Izvi herring, haddock, Catfish, halibut, cod, redfish, seflounder, uye vamwe, asi hove idzi vanoumba 80% of zvachose hove yeko "vavhimi". Kuti kuita kuti pave, vanoenda mhenderekedzo Norway, uye yakura furaya kushambira mugungwa nzvimbo. hove Arctic muzadze zviwanikwa yeGungwa Barents. Izvi nesafironi cod, herring malopozvonochnaya polar seflounder, Zimbabwe halibut, polar rehove uye tsvina. Asi dzinokosha havasi hove.

Mhuka neshiri

Biological pfuma Gungwa Barents uye zvimba mhuka. Ivo vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu: pinnipeds, cetaceans uye nezvavakatapa. Aimbova zvinosanganisira mbira chisimbiso kana rudimbwa chisimbiso, gungwa tsuro, walrus iwo chisimbiso, etc. To rechipiri - .. Beluga, Belobokov Dolphin chitsiga, rudimbwa shato huru muurayi shato huru, etc. By wechitatu -. Bheya rakamira pachando kuti muchiRussia akanyorwa muna Red bhuku. Resources muGungwa Barents pakati mhuka dzinonakidza kuti hove, kureva mubati nemicherechedzo. Mahombekombe dura yakazara shiri misha, kureva guru dzayaitonga nesting. Pano unogona kuwana tii, kittiwake, Guillemot dema Guillemot.

ikoroji

Sea Barents pfuma uye zvinetso zvemhoteredzo zviri zvikuru chokuita, sezvo kunyanya kupindira kwevanhu mune zvakatipoteredza nguva dzose kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa. Dzezvakatipoteredza tenda nzvimbo iyi akasiyana, nekuti zvakawanda zvakadaro gungwa yakajeka kumativi Europe uye hamuzondiwani. Asi zvakadaro pane chaizvo dambudziko guru - poaching. Overfishing inotungamirira kunyangarika kwemarudzi uye kuvhiringidza waifarirwa nomwero. Norway uye Russia kunge zvikuru kudzvinyirira kutyora mitemo inobereka zvibereko. Another kweGungwa Barents ndiwo akawanda mafuta negasi. Uye havashandisi uyu vasingagoni vanhu. Naizvozvo, kazhinji pane choutsi kuti "ndarama dema" mumvura makore, izvo nezvakwakaipira chaizvo mhuka dzose.

Uyewo nedzimwe ndiye vaiongorora kwegungwa. Naizvozvo, International Fund for Nature akanyevera kuti kuchangotanga chikanganiso panguva kugadzirwa kana chokufambisa kuti Tourism kungaita kuti kwezvakatipoteredza njodzi. Kana paine dambudziko rakadaro, makore kunyange 30 nebasa rakaoma hazvigoni kubvisa zvachose zvose zvaitika. Pashure pezvose, zvinhu zviri akabatanidza nokuti tembiricha pasi hatibvumiri utachiona kuti muwande, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvakasikwa rokuchenesa mashandiro haushande. Ichi chinhu chakakodzera achifunga.

Saka, muGungwa Barents - dzakasiyana mvura muviri, izvo zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa. Iyi inzvimbo akapfuma hove uye zviwanikwa, uyewo mamwe zviwanikwa, izvo anohupa kunyanya kukosha.