Bhomba Northrop B-2. Bhomba B-2: zvinhu uye pikicha

Mystery B-2 (bhomba) kunokonzera akawandisa kwezvamakatonga, ngano mashoko. Chii Ndege ichi, kana isu kutaura pamusoro wechokwadi maidi? American ndege wakashanda kubudikidza chizvarwa chechitatu Kusaoneka kwemakore anopfuura 15 uye, pasinei vheiri pachivande ari pose mashoko munda Data ikaonekwa kwesayenzi mano uye zvechadenga mapapiro chitundumusere-musere.

tsananguro mukuru

Bhomba B-2, inova chigadzirwa US vemauto maindasitiri, yakagadzirirwa somunhu ndege ane kwakaderedza mukana vasabatwa antiaircraft muvengi mauto. Chose asingaoneki, hazvina kuva, somunhu chaiye Tracking gadziriro kuona kwayo radar sefa, asi vanhuwo kudzivirira zviri asingaoneki, zvichireva kupona yaro ezvinhu enyika kubhomba.

Runoshamisa pakuonekwa ndege, iyo afanane ndege kubva Sci-Fi kufirimu. B-2 bhomba Mweya anozviratidza mudenga se achitiza kurova-rova dema mativi Profile maonero iri rinopa kubhururuka cakes on the, flattened pasina muswe uye fuselage.

Kuti vave nechokwadi mashandiro namano anoshandisa yemhando namano Michina:

• chokunze pose ane ndege akafuka zvinhu rurefu mwero Absorção de Água redhiyo nemafungu;
• Zvakarurama STRUCTURAL dhayagiramu aerodynamics "ichibhururuka bapiro";
• Kudzivirirwa rinoshandiswa ndege injini ndege, kuti ESR mutengo iri kuwanda kubva 0,0015 kusvika 0.1 mativi mamita. m.

Huru zviri ndege mamiriro

Yakabudiswa B-2 bhomba "Mudzimu" iri muchimiro bapiro, zano kunosanganisira kusavapo yakakwana kutwasuka zvinoumba plumage. Sezvo muperekedzi ndiro muchinamatira zvidzoreso yakaiswa apera mugove wamapapiro. Vazhinji Hull uye dzinokosha zvikamu zviri yakagadzirwa titanium uye aruminiyamu alloys. Zvimwe zvinhu zviri polyamides, uye kabhoni chinoumbwa dzakakwirira kupisa kuramba coefficient.

Bhomba B-2 Mweya une chokuita chinhu muchimiro titanium caisson, dzinongoda pamberi hafu dzimba uye kuvakoka mu zvenguva zvikamu. Ndege mapapiro wakaumbwa kabhoni faibha. Monolithic Panel titanium caisson rakagadzirwa 23 mm paukobvu. Remubatanidzwa zvikamu pamwe nomoto kana diffusion yakabereka nani epurasitiki Kuumbwa.

shepi

Hwaro paumbwe nechitarisiko kwegadziriro petals mana, uye chimiro nendege akasika 12 mitsetse. Izvi inonyanya kuratidzwa mune chinjikira ndege uye vashomanana nechepakati sectors. Zveshure uye mberi puranga zvaivapowo mumwe housings, rinotaura, injini mupanda kuvhura nebhanhire yakaronga kusika chassis 4 sectors huru kuratidzwa. With pamberi uye neshure hemispheres yaunganidzwa 2 sectors.

Negore frontal uye divi maonero ane mapapiro webasa haana ndege uye ngaatarire nemitsetse. Mujinga bapiro mamiriro anoiswa, redhiyo chinozunguzirwa absorbent. The pamberi kumucheto chikamu ndege rinoitwa pagungano rikwanise pakona yorusvingo kusvikira 33º, uye shure unoitwa muchimiro mutsamba Chirungu W. In pakati bapiro semispan yakajeka pfungwa pakakuvara rokumusoro, B-2 bhomba Northrop ane supercritical bapiro profile.

The ndege iri vakapakata 4 michini, riri pamusoro kana divi bhomba bay. Kuti pave nechokwadi imperceptible hurumende zvakavakwa sandara iri rokunze pemvura ndege haina slits ari kamwene denga injini uye Motors uye maoko dziri mukati muchina.

zvikanganiso magadzirirwo

Chokwadi chokuti mapapiro chikepe hakusi muswe, haana kumutadzisa achipinda kuita kuti mudenga, namano Ndege, B-2 chitoro zvakaipa mudenga chemashoko kusarudzwa nokuda kusavapo hunyambiri zenze. Chete kufambisa ndege rwakapetwa, izvo zvinoderedza simba pamusoro rezasi bapiro uye pamusoro anotora kuwedzera simba Nokusimudzwa, iyo inosvitsa kutogadziriswa mudziyo iri achida mirayiridzo. In avhiyesheni, pane pfungwa "bapiro vachizvitakudza", chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha parameters ari mudziyo. Pasati churu kunokanganisa mumwe mativi sendimita zviri bapiro, zvinova nyore kuti ndege anotendeuka mudenga. Saka kwakawedzera maneuverability bhomba.

Bhomba havagoni kubata pasina kugadzwa yemagetsi kure kuzvidzora maitiro uye otomatiki namano, takatarisa ndege rikurumidze uye akadzika murayiro pulses pamusoro zvemaziso zvikamu mapapiro.

kabhini mudziyo

Ndege piloted nenhengo mbiri vashandi, B-2 (bhomba), mufananidzo iyo chinopiwa pazasi, zvinonzi vakagadzirira ichi pressurized kabhini, riri pamberi chikamu ndege.

Pinda kubasa vezvikepe kuburikidza kamuri pamberi chassis uri Kumbofungatira pamanera. Nokuti mumwe mutyairi wendege ari kubasa ane zvizere vanochengeta kudzora mano. Panzvimbo imwe, akapa onboard midziyo injini kutanga bhatani uye enyika ndege. mabhatani aya kuisa kana nerechiratidzo.

Kudzivirirwa läpinäkyvä chikamu kabhini rine ukomba mana sangweji mamiriro, vachibvumira kuita kudzokorora chinjikira panguva necheparutivi pakati 200º. In zvinoitirwawo ndege pedyo pakuputika kwenyukireya pamusoro magirazi zvemapuranga pamwe Kuronga zvinoumba goridhe, kuva opaque uye asingauyi nekufambisa nemwaranzi. Flight vezvikepe inoitwa protivolazernyh magirazi.

Kudzorwa mamiriro mundege

B-2 bhomba iri vakapakata kweimwe electrically dzinodzorwa kure, riri digital maitiro ane nokukurumidza norudaviro kvadradupleksnuyu zvinhu. Automatic kuzvidzora rine ayo mamiriro mana kubudiswa chikwata uye ari kushanda ezvinhu kana kuti kukundikana vaviri. Aerial chiratidzo Hurongwa 20 unotora munhu vachisimudza Switch kufurirwa kuverenga, izvo zvinoita unobtrusive.

American bhomba B-2 avionics dzakaoma ane NSS kirasi wekushandisa subsystem. Mheni zvakasimba Kupindura ezvinhu anochinja akatizira zviviri interconnected yemagetsi zvinoriumba: IMU (inertial) uye AIU (astroinertial). Imwe neimwe vezvikepe anovandira 4 zviratidzi ose multifunctional chiito.

History chokusika

MuHondo Yemashoko pakati USSR uye US muna 1979, Ronald Reagan panguva yake musarudzo chipikirwa kudzorera zvombo US Army. pashure pegore, hurumende US kuda kumisa zvinoverengeka vaizotibata aircrafts pamusoro nokukurumidza chokuendesa ordnance Munzvimbo, uye pakutanga ari pamazita ndiyo namano bhomba B-2. Pragmatic America vachivhura pamusoro chiedza dhora ose vasati wouisa kuzvidzosera. Fantastic ndege pamwe wakawedzera kugona uye kuderedzwa maonero chirongwa sokunge kururamiswa tarisiro uye ari pasi chaiyo kudzora hurumende US.

Company Northrop Grumman yakatanga unobtrusive inokosha bhomba, iyo yakagadzirirwa kupaza rizere hurongwa Anti-Tracking uye chokuendesa enyukireya uye nezvimwe zvombo. It hunovapo pahwaro ATV chirongwa maindasitiri.

Chirongwa vakagamuchira bumbiro zita B-2 pamwe chiratidzo noMweya. Yakabuda muna 1987 yaiva sunga nokuda kwokushayiwa zvakagadzirwa Mutongo postpones pakutanga bvunzo kusvikira 1989 uye anowedzera mari nokuda chirongwa nomumwe mabhiriyoni emadhora. Mari 1989 kuona kukosha mutengo rakasikwa itsva ndege kuti mabhiriyoni 23.1 emadhora.

kopi Wokutanga awana kutanga muupenyu pane imwe fekitari zvechiuto muna California, apo achisimudzira ndege yake yokutanga uye kuratidzwa vanhu hanya akaturikidzana. Nokuda kwemitengo okuvaka bhomba 21 chete B-2 Mweya Stealts. All motokari rwisana ndiwo mazita kuti panguo mazita States of America. Pakupedzisira munhu mapapiro chikepe rinonzi "Mweya America" anoiswa nemauto muna July 2000.

mazuvaano ndege

Muna 2008, ivo Congress of America iri mari purogiramu ndiwedzere kuti B-2 (bhomba). Control Hurongwa lesion chinofamba pasi nhovo radar nomumbure vanosangana nokuchinja zvakanaka. 2009 Kunowedzera kutakura pamusoro ndege, riri matani 27, akaparadzaniswa nehafu zvakarurama uye akasiya nezvikamu. Muna 2010, mashoko ari nani ndege Panel kuti haikwani kunyange ichangopfuura Cracking ari chikamu.

Pemapuranga riri pakati Motors kutyora kwayo pamusoro Rinobatanidzwa ne chokwadi kuti zvishoma nezvishoma vaunganidza simbi kuneta, zvichiguma makatsemuka. Iye rwunopera rinoumba marangwanda ane inopisa reactive ndege uye ari pasi kumusoro tembiricha haisi yekupedzisira basa uye vibration panguva nokushanda kwesimba zvinomera. Chekambani mainjiniya kutsungirira basa kuchinja kuti muswe magadzirirwo uye kushandiswa yakagozha steels.

Muna April 2010, ivo bhomba akaora akavandudzika software, kufamba itsva uye mberi kutaurirana gadziriro. Uye muna September 2012 iri kudzorwa ndege dzakachinjwa kubudikidza kugadzwa upgraded radar AN / APQ-181 pamwe chete iripo AESA radar. mbatya itsva vari nechimwe yakawanda yemhando nokukurukurirana gadziriro uye yaitsiva midziyo iri ndege munhare.

Technical zvechadenga muhondo motokari

Aigarira bhomba ane kwazvo rwokugadzira maitiro. B-2 (bhomba) vakagadzirira pamwe avhiyesheni Electronics. Michini FLIR maitiro zvinowanisa chaizvo review, imwe redhiyo chinozunguzirwa HANIUAL altimeter yakagadzirwa kuitira kuti chiratidzo chacho haina kuona panguva ubanguranyika pedyo muvengi.

Nokuti sangano iri kupiwa Coordonatele ari inertial wekushandisa ezvinhu akagadzawo zviito vane mukoto kupanana umboo noungwaru satellites. Chaiyo JDAM anotungamirirwa munitions ejection gadziriro inopiwa muna akafanorongerwa siyana kubaya kushandisa zvigunwe mudziyo. The ndege ine chokuita gadziriro sensors kuti kwokupa umboo kuti kudzora mamiriro kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu kunze ngarava.

The ndege iri vakapakata AESA radar, asi ichi hachisi chaiwo zano nokuda namano ndege, zvakakodzera kuti ape chiratidzo uye muvengi mhepo kuzvidavirira zasekut ndege. Somuenzaniso, imwe ndege chikepe yekare F-117 ane chete nzira pusa pamusoro date muunganidzwa. Technical zvechadenga ndege:

• akasununguka ari nzvimbo yemutekenyi ndivo mutyairi wendege maviri;
• urefu ndege kreysernogo mudziyo uri 20.9 M;
• kuti midziyo ine mapapiro 52,1 M;
• Ndege kukwirira - 5.1 M;
• bapiro pamusoro nzvimbo - 460 mamita ^2;
• ngarawa unfilled amboita anoyera 71,7 M;
• kuipa uye kunonyanyisa yasimuka kurema 152,6 uye 171 m, ukuwo;
• huni refueling midziyo yose nguva ndege anoyera matani 73;
• payload kusvika mazuvaano uye pashure - 22.7 uye 27 matani azvaitwa;
• Ndege yokunzvenga turbojet injini, anoyera 1,452 M;
• kufadza zvaibvira kumhanya kutiza - 860 km / h;
• avhareji nokukurumidza ngarawa - 776 km / h, kurwa nzvimbo rinoburitsa nharaunda 5310? km;
• Flight distance ndiyo 11110 km nguva akaenderei - 6,5 H, B-2 (bhomba) achisimuka vaifanira kubva 15,000 m.

kushandiswa zvombo

Nokuti kuparadza chipfuro anoshandiswa zvombo zvenyukireya 340 / tani, 1.1 m / tani. Onboard takura kwakajairika mabhomba 16 X 84, 36 X 80 sumbu bhomba zvombo 82. Kushandisa yakakwirira nemazvo, sezvo zvombo vaishandisa rwendo zvombo.

Pane vakawanda yenhema kuti B-2 Ndege kushandisa rwendo zvombo asingagoni. Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi, sezvo iri nyaya mutakuri kunodiwa misa nhare mupanda mabhomba uye kutamira kune akafanorongerwa Reset pfungwa nako midziyo inogona kukunda nyore.

payakaipira asingaoneki

Broad strata of US zvechiuto uye congressmen vari nyore kunyengedzwa nenzira yakanakisisa tarisiro. Havasi vanhu vose vane ruzivo mune redhiyo, uye kunyange zvakawanda saizvozvo remagetsi diffraction chinonakidza. Pamberi pavo vakanga lecturers nepfungwa Ndege asingaoneki, masayendisiti kukwikwidzirana akavimbisa pakusikwa akadaro ndege kare utachiona uye kuti vakafunga vazhinji.

Asi pfungwa kunyatsoshanda ndiyo yaita mubvunzo vakawana nounzenza nzvimbo ndege anoramba ari kuwanda 0,0015 kusvika 0.1 mamita ^2. Nyaya iyi iri kure kupfuura kuverenga Somuenzaniso, mumwe murwi ane ESR ari 3-4 mamita ^2. Pakutanga, bongozozo nzvimbo iri yakanaka siyana.

Asi neb ESR bhomba rava dzinonetsa chokukomborerwa kwayo Kusaoneka. Akaderedza akapararira unoshanda chete rakapedza zvisingachashandi yemashoko mhepo kudzivirira. Modern Radar okunatsiridza vanogona kunzwisisa ndege aine kuputsanya nzvimbo kure gumi kusvika makumi maviri makiromita.

Flat maumbirwo, kushaya kutwasuka mitsetse uye muswe haikwani kugara kosi akasarudzwa, uye zvinoda kugadzwa dzakavakwa zvemagetsi chidhiraivho.

dzinoshanda matambudziko Chero vane chiedza michini, pasinei vagari kuitwa zvemainjiniya uye masayendisiti. Vari kuedza kutsvaka injini yacho ndege kubva pamusoro, kushandura goho kamwene mawindo kuti nokukurumidza kutonhora chipiriso mafuta. Kunobereka zvabuda, asi munhu akakwana yokuvanda reactive inopisa chiutsi haashandi.

Akaona dzakasiyana-siyana panguva kuratidzira vanoti kuti kuburikidza mboni Ndege chafariz imager riri kuoneka chaizvo ari zvakavhenekerwa uye chinooneka. Mudziyo anogona kuona muvengi, ipapo B-2 (bhomba) zvinofanira kuparadzwa.

The chaienderana guru revanhu ndege

Maererano Masvomhu masayendisiti muchiuto kuita kukuvadzwa kudzika nzvimbo muvengi bhomba F-16 iri mari 32 michina vane zvakarurama zvombo zvinoda muzvizhinji kuti mharidzo ichitsigira unyanzvi. The perekedza umbwa 16s, 4-mukuru ndege ruzha, 8 aircrafts nokuti kudzvanyirira radar uye refueling rongedza rose (15 zvidimbu) izvo zvinopa chambotaurwa nezvacho ngoro mafuta.

Absolutely kufanana simba akapfura hunokonzera boka kusingaoneki F-117 ndege 8 pamwe vaviri vakaisvoipa kwematangi. Asi ane American bhomba B-2 kubuda ichi okufananidza kuongorora vaikudzwa nzvimbo - zvakafanana emabasa kuvapo mudenga maviri chete namano gadziriro uye haatarisiri kushandisa mafuta kwematangi, sezvo kunonyanyisa siyana hakurevi refueling mudenga. Sezvaunogona kuona, mumari ikoko.

Accident namano bhomba

The tsaona yakaitika pachitsuwa Guam. Aerodrome siya zvina ndege iwayo kuti yakareba 4 months inobva chitsuwa. Bhomba anonzi "Mweya Kansas" zvinotora kure wechipiri. Sounds unonyanyoitwa donje, pane hutema chiutsi chinhambwe kubva pashongwe controller. Kunokonzerwa nemoto uye zvoutsanana basa, asi iwe usingagoni kuponesa ndege, izvozvo rinoparadzwa zvachose.

Vabviswe vashandi kuti ndege yokutanga akarayira kudzoka pakarepo kunzvimbo nekutumirwa kwemauto, zvose Flights ose Ndege kwaiita yakaturikwa dzakamirira kujekeswa pehonzeri tsaona. The vezvikepe akakwanisa buritsa uye havana zvakaipisisa kukuvaradzwa, mumwe akanga asunungurwa pazuva rechipiri, uye mumwe nguva zvakanzi kurapwa muchipatara.

Zvinofungirwa kuti tsaona yakanga kunokonzerwa kukundikana mashandiro kana chiito womunhu chinhu. Zvichitevera muenzaniso Ongororo achishandisa basa raikosha mhedziso vakaitwa kuti namano bhomba B-2 kuputika kwakaitika somugumisiro injini kukundikana.

Career rwisana bhomba

Kokutanga rokukunda NATO bhomba kushandiswa muhondo muYugoslavia, uko munitions zvakarurama-akatungamirira 600 vakanga dumped. Characteristically, kubhomba ndege akaita pasina nokuisazve, vakatumirwa kubva nechigadziko muna Missouri, mabhomba kuKosovo uye Akakukurwa shure.

The Iraq hondo inopa hwaro itsva nokuda kurwa. Namano bhomba B-2 anotora kure kubva Atoll Diego Garsiya uye mumwe chawo chakavanzika pasina kundizivisa mazita. ndege Total kuita about 22 mishoni. Whiteman Air Base akaita asunungurwa 27 makazara zvombo ndege, iyo pamwe chete kubhombiwa wokutanga akadonha kuna Iraq matani anopfuura 300 mabhomba. Paavhareji vari mhepo yakanga maawa 30, apo tikacherechedza kuti kufadza rekodhi pakureba mumwe vashandi nhengo ari mudenga pamusoro 50 maawa.

A yakawanda ruzivo kurwisa basa anowedzera rutivi mune kubhomba reRibhiya muna 2011, apo munitions dzaiuya 45 pasi kunangwa. Nokuti nyaya duku akatevedzana 21 chikwata Ndege akacherekedza yakanaka chaizvo yetsiva ruzivo.

Achiratidza

Combat B-2 bhomba Spirit namano nhoroondo yacho zvisikwa zvinoratidza sei kwete kubereka ndege. Pasinei zhinji hype, untwisted kumativi pfungwa pakusika ndege risingaoneki kusunungura rakanakira rokutengesa airship haana kubudirira. Sverhdorogie Ndege konzera wanyanya kuti US Congress kupfuura vavengi vake. Attachment billionths mari haaruramiswi, panova kunyatsoshanda nokuda kukura michina mitsva kuzviona mhepo huru.

On chinosuruvarisa chitsamba nhoroondo namano bhomba hazvirevi kuguma, zvinova netariro yokuti nyika dzakawanda dziri kushandisa imwe rwokugadzira. Zviri pachena, ndicho pfungwa kushandiswa, uye chimwe chinhu, sei asingachinji mubhizimisi zvabuda yapihwa.