Barberry musango: tsanangudzo, kudyara uye kutarisira

Yakanaka shrub yakashongedza - barberry - ichapa purogiramu yako yega yemashiripiti uye maonero akasiyana-siyana kubva mutsime apo maruva ayo echando inotumbuka nekunhuhwirira kwakashata, uye kusvika pakuvhurwa kwemazuva, apo bhenekeri michero yakajeka yemichero inonyatsobatanidzwa nemashizha emarangi. Uye kana iwe ukawedzera pane izvi, uye pamusoro pemishonga yemishonga, zvino usima bar bar bar - mubvunzo unogadziriswa. Kuchengetedza iyi simiti iri nyore, uye ruzho rwuri rutsva.

Tsanangudzo yemiti

Zita iri rekushongedzwa shrub rakabva kuArabic beriberi, iro rinoreva - shell. Miti yemaruva inoyeuchidza chaizvoizvo. Rinosiyaniswa nekusvava, mhinzwa uye bark yemwenje mutsvuku mutema bhinzi barberry. Urefu hwegwenzi hunogona kusvika pakakwirira mamita 3.5 m.Rhizomes - kurerutsa, kunokambaira. Inobhururuka nezviso - yakarurama, yakasviba, gare gare ichava nemachena-chena. Shorter yakasvava kubva kumapfudze inooneka mashizha kusvika 4 cm, yakaonda, elliptical kana obovate. Pakupedzisira mashizha anowedzera kubva pamatatu kusvika ku mashanu anotarisa kusvika 2 cm murefu.

Muchirimo, pakupera kwaApril uye kutanga kwaMay, mabhuna anonhuhwirira emaruva machena anoonekwa pachirimwa. Nhamba yavo inokwanisa kusvika kusvika kumapande makumi maviri. Pakupera kwaSeptember, fruiting michero yakajeka kana yepepuru yomuti wakavhara wegwenzi. Barberry ine mbeu kusvika 7 mm yakareba, yakapeteredzwa uye yakanyatsorongedzwa mukati mayo.

Kuparadzirwa uye zvechikafu

Pamberi pacho, mabhaberries aigona kuwanika muEurope chete, Caucasus uye Near East. Akasarudza nzvimbo yakasango yemasango nekunaka kwakakwana uye ivhu rakaoma. Iwe unogona kumusangana naye mumakomo, pakakwirira 2 km. Ko bhabberry rinokura sei musango? Chimiro chinenge chichioneka chisingaoneki. Nhasi, nokuda kwekuti nhamba huru yemhando dzakasikwa, shrub yekushongedza yebrigberry haigone kunze kweActictic kana Antarctica.

Inobatsira zvinhu

Mukuwedzera kune yakabikwa majiroji, dzimwe dzose zvikamu zvemuti zvine zvinyorwa zvealkaloid berberine. Mumidzi kune dzimwewo alkaloids: hydroxyacanthine, yatrorricin, palmatin, columbamin. Mumakungwa kune matanin akawanda uye zvinonhuwira zvakasviba, mumashizha kune vitamin K. Ripe michero ine carotenoids - lutein, flavoxanthin, xanthophyll, nezvimwewo, pamwe neshuga, malic acid, pectins.

Kunyangwe muRussia yekare, mweya, matavi uye mabhesi zvakasimbirira pane doro kunomisa kubuda kweropa kubva pamaronda uye kubvisa kutuka. Barberry ndiyo mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, ine zvipo zvakasikwa, iyo yakarapwa nemaperembudzi akasiyana-siyana. Kuvharirwa kwezvibereko kwakasimbisa kusagadzikana, kwakatsigira chiropa. Uye muRoma yekare, yakatendwa kuti barberry inounza mufaro uye nhanho, saka akadzivirirwa munzira dzose.

Mumazuva ano mushonga wepamutemo, tincture pane doro kubva pamashizha inoshandiswa muhutano hwemagetsi kuti usiye uterine kubuda ropa uye kudzivisa kupisa kwemakemikari. Berberine anobata zvinetso zvepachiropa uye gallbladder. Kushungurudzwa kwemvura kwezvibereko kunoshandiswa nekurwiswa kwemalaria, nokuda kwechimba chakasimba che diaphoretic. Ne rheumatism, inogadzirisa marwadzo.

Kushandiswa kwebarberry

Chirongwa chikuru kwazvo chakawanikwa muzvikoroti mukugadzirira kwezvokudya: jisi nemichero yemichero, jams uye jellies. Uye uwedzere hupfu kubva kumakrochisi akaomeswa mumucheka kusvika kune nyama, uye hama dzako kune nzeve hadzizobudiswa kubva mubateti. MuMiddle Asia, pilaf haina kubikwa pasina barberry, uye vanhu veCaucasus vanoiwedzera kune horseradish.

Pamusana pemukakavira webriberry rinokwanisa kuchinja vhiniga. Uye michero isina kuibva yemarinated inogona kunyatsoshandura chesepi. Tincture uye decoction muzvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvinoshandiswa sehemostatic kune maronda akasiyana mhuka.

Barberry uye pamuviri

Zvinosuruvarisa, pamwe nemamiriro ezvinhu anofadza, iwe unofanirwa kurega kudya zvose majiki uye maruva akasiyana-siyana. Nemhaka yea alkaloids iri mumiti, kusununguka pamuviri kunobvira. Uyewo, mumadzimai ane pamuviri, michero inogona kukuvadza kuumbwa kwemazimbe eropa.

Zvisinei, shoma shou yekudya ne barberry zvakagadzikana hazvizokonzeri kukuvadza, saka kana iwe uchida chaizvo, zvino idya utano hwakanaka. Ingo usakanganwa kuti zvinhu zvose zvinofanira kuva zvishoma.

Nzira uye kupiko yekudyara barberry

Kudyara musango barberry kunotanga nekusarudza nzvimbo. Iyi simiti inoda nzvimbo yakazaruka, yakarongedzwa nezuva. Uye nokuda kwezvipenyu zveCentral Asia, unoda kusarudza nzvimbo kuitira kuti pave pasina mabhidhiyo. Zvinotarisirwa kuti ivhu ribhurwe bherberry rinotevera zvinotevera: loams kana ivhu rakaoma, nekuti simiti haifariri mvuralogging.

Kudyara gorosi barberry pane yaakagoverwa kuti nzvimbo yekukura iitwe mumwaka wegore, zvisati zvaitika mazai asati atanga kubuda, asi zvinokwanisika kudyara muvhuvhu, apo mashizha anotanga kupera nesimba. Usati wasvika mugomba, wedzera musanganiswa we humus, pasi nejecha (zvakaenzana zvakaenzana). Kudzika kunofanirwa kuva 25-30 cm kwema 2-3-year-old seed and 40-50 for 5-7-year-olds. Kana ukaronga kuita ruzhowa, unofanira kudyara mabhasi mumugero. Kana munharaunda yako ivhu rakaoma, somuenzaniso peat, uye pasi pemakwenzi, 200 gramu yehuni, limu kana hupfu hwe dolomite - 300-400 gm, inofanira kushandiswa.Imumanyorera, 100 g kuphela superphosphate ichadiwa.

Nzira yekuchengetedza barberry bush

Kana iwe wakasima bhiriberry bushes, kutarisira kwavari hakuzove kwakaoma. Kana nzvimbo yekudyara yakasarudzwa pakutanga, uye ivhu rakapiwa neruzhinji, saka midzi ichave ine utano uye inokwanisa kufema. Dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva unoda kusunungura ivhu uye kunatsa masora.

Muchirimo, pakutanga kwemwaka wacho kana pakarepo mushure memvura, unofanira kutema barberry. Kugadzirisa kunoitwa gore negore. Ichi chiito chinangwa chekugadzira korona yakasvibiswa uye kubvisa tsvina dzisina simba uye dzine chirwere. Uye usakanganwa nezvemhinzwa inopinza yebarberry munguva yekutarisira. Gore rakatevera, mushure mekudyara mukati megore, unofanira kufudza bhaberry yako ne nitrogen fertilizer. Ukuru hwegwenzi uye ruvara raro ruchava nerutendo rwekutarisira kwakadaro. Iwe unoda kudzokorora kudyisa kwemakore ose matatu.

Iyo nzira huru yekuberekwa kwebarberry

Kune nzira ina huru dzekuparidzira mubhaberry yako nzvimbo: kugovera gwenzi, kudyara nematanda, cuttings yezhizha uye mbeu.

• Mbeu dzinofanira kudyarwa muvhu. Dzorerai zvitsva zvakasarudzwa, simesa nemvura inoyerera uye yakaoma. Ivaise pane zvakadzika kwete masentimita rimwe chete. Iyo ivhu rinofanira kusununguka panguva imwechete, uye nzvimbo yekugara inofanirwa kupisa zvakanaka nezuva. Nezhizha simiti ichakufadza iwe nemafuta anogadzikana. Asi zviri nani kuisa bhaberry mushure mushure megore.
• Miti yacho inobereka nyore nyore kuburikidza nekuchekwa kwezhizha. Ingoisa chiyero chavo muvhu munaJune, uye mumakore mashomanana iwe uchava nezvinhu zvakakwana zvokudyara.
• Kuparadzaniswa kwegwenzi ndeimwe nzira yekuberekwa. Muchiitiko ichi, gwenzi guru rinotsvaga zvakanyatsogadzirwa kuitira kuti risakanganise midzi, uye kudhonza muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Kana midzi yakakura kwazvo, inongodzingwa pamwe chete uye zvikamu zvinowanikwa zvakasimwa mumiti mitsva, zvichiita kuti vanyorove vasati vadyara.
• Kunyora kunoitwa mutsime kubva kumatavi mashoma uye ane utano. Pasi pemuganhu wegorosi inosungirirwa, umo masarudzo akasarudzwa akaiswa. Ikoko ivo vakagadzirirwa uye vakadururirwa nepasi kuitira kuti imwe chete yepamusoro isara. Nguva yose yakanyanyiswa zvakanaka, uye mukutonga uchave wakagadzirira-kusima miti.

Zvirwere nezvirwere

Kunyange zvazvo ganda rekushongedza barberry rakanyanya kusagadzikana kune zvirwere zvose zvinokonzera fungal uye zvirwere, zvinowanikwawo kwavari. Anthracnose uye powdery mildew inowanzowanzoitika kubva kune fungal zilonda. Muchiitiko chekutanga, chirwere chinoratidzika sepakati pemavara machena pane mashizha, mune wechipiri-machena, sekunge akasaswa neupfu, maranda pamatavi, mashizha nemaruva. Fungal kurwisa chiratidzo chokutanga chemvura redundancy. Fungicides inoshandiswa pakurapa, nekuchekererwa kwezvikamu zvakagadzirirwa zvinoitwa, izvo zvinofanira kupiswa.

Barberry isirimwa iyo inenge iri mumiriri wemugove wakadaro wekurima, semhashu fungus, iyo inokanganisa zviyo. Ndicho chikonzero kusimwa kwayo pedyo neminda ye rye uye gorosi hazvigamuchirwi. Izvo chete ndeye barberry yeTanberga, iyo isingasviki nehutu yakasvibiswa. Apo chirwere pamashizha chinenge chichioneka chemasango nemapadhi pasi pepasi, umo kubereka kwe spores muhuwandu hwakawanda. Dzinopararira kune zviyo, zvose zviri mumasango uye zvigadzirwa, nekubatsirwa nemhepo.

Chimwe chirwere chinokonzera fungus ye genus Fusarium. Utachiona hunovapo mumidzi, iyo inowira, uye fungus iri pedyo nemidziyo inokwira pamatavi, zvichiita kupisa kwegwenzi. Kana iwe ukachera bazi, unogona kuona zvindori zvemidziyo yevaravara tsvuku.

Nezvipembenene, iyo inowanzosvibisa dambudziko ndiro barberry aphid. Kuvapo kwaro kunogona kuonekwa neakakombama uye mashizha akaomeswa. Kubvisa mafivhi kunobvira nekubatsirwa kwegadziriro yekusuka mbatya (pane bhakiti remvura 300 g). Caterpillar of flower moth inodya michero. Kana zvikaonekwa zvayo, bata barberry ne "Chlorophos" kana "Decis".

Mhando dzakawanda dzebarberry

Kunyanya kuzvikudza mukutarisira kwaBerberis vulgaris, kana barberry chaiyo, iyo yakakwirira inogona kusvika maviri kana kupfuura mamita. Mashizha aya akavezwa muvara wakaita ruvara, uye maruva - mumucheka wakachena. Michero yacho inodywa, yakasviba, ine sourish girafu, yakagadzirwa muhuni mutsvuku.

Kana munzvimbo yako yakaoma frosts, ipapo rudzi urwu nderwe. Anonyatsotsungirira maruva uye anowanikwa zvakanaka nekusanaya kwemvura. Inogona kuwedzerwa nembeu, nekuparadzanisa gwenzi nekucheka. Unoda ruzhowa, zvokuti hapana munhu akapfuura? Barberrywo kawaida achabatsira mune izvi. Zvisinei, chengetedza matsiro ako kubva pane unyoro hwakanyanya, iyi mhuka inowanikwa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nefungi.

Miti yacho ine marudzi akawanda:

• Atropurpurea igwenzi rebarberry, iyo iyo iyo inoratidzwa pasi apa, ine mashizha matsvuku.
• Aureomarginata - chimiro chakasanganiswa negoridhe.
• Iyo albovariagate nemashizha akasiyana-siyana.

Paunenge uchibudisa zvisikwa zvepakutanga, zvinofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti kana kudyara mbeu chete chikamu chemuti uchachengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana.

Berberis canadensis, kana barberry, Canada, sezvinoreva zita, yakabva kuNorth America. Icho chinopesana neshamwari yeEurope nekupararira kukuru. Kurwisana nechando nekuoma. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira nyika paAmerican continent, saka muRussia inonyanya kushandiswa.

Berberis thunbergii, kana barberry Tunberga, kubva kuChina neJapan. Iyo duku shrub yakareba kusvika pamamita, asi muhupamhi inogona kusvika kune imwe mamita nehafu. Mafuro akafukidzwa neminzwa minuku zvikuru kwazvo. Maruva matsvuku-ruvara rwemutsvuku anounganidzwa pa 2-4 zvidimbu mudiki ma inflorescences. Asi majikiri ezvokudya haafaniri kukodzera nekuda kwekuravira kwavo kunorwadza, kunyange shiri dzichizvidya nemufaro mukuru.

Kusiyana nehama dzeEurope neAmerica, Barberry Tunberg Zvinenge zvisingatamburi nezvirwere zvefungal, kusanganisira dziya. Kuzviparidzira sembeu, nekuparadzanisa gwenzi, zviri nyore kupfuura uye kugura. Iyi mhuka ine marudzi anopfuura makumi mashanu, ayo akasiyana nemuvara wepakutanga wemashizha, chimiro chavo uye ukuru. Kana ukasangana nemuvara usina kujairika webarberry bush, mufananidzo waunofarira, zvichida, ndiwo Tungberg.

Berberis x ottawiensis, kana Ottawa barberry, inonzi hybrid inowanikwa nokuyambuka bhabheri tsvuku uye Tunberga. Mhedzisiro yakakura ndeyemasvizha epepuru yakave obovate. Apo kupera kunouya, ivo vakavezwa muhupfumi hwakatsvuka. Mabhururu akanaka echhizha nemumvuri wakatsvuka wemaruva, ayo anounganidza kwezvikamu 8-10, anotsvaira pakupera kwaMay. Kubva "kuvabereki" vavo muti wacho wakawana zvose zvakanakisisa - kunaka kwemavara, kusazvimirira uye kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvefungal.

Berberis koreana, kana korean barberry, kureba kwegwenzi rinosvika mamita maviri, rine mashizha makuru obovate, ane chigamba kusvika kune. Muchikwata ivo vakagadzirwa muhupuru-ruvara rwekundu. Miti yacho inobva kuKorea peninsula. Maruva anounganidzwa mumapurasitiki akareba e15-20, uye kunhuwa kunesimba. Barberry inonyanyisa mukutarisira uye kusagadzikana nechando. Chero bedzi mumhepo inotonhora inotonhorera mawere ayo anogona kuoma. Asi mhanje haazofadzi kwaari, panguva ino nokuda kwake mhepo yakakwirira kwazvo, uye ichi chomera, sezvinozivikanwa, chinonyanya kukonzerwa nemarara.

Berberis integerrima, Kana barberry yose-kuguma, akauya kumhuri yedu zvikwata kubva kuCentral Asia, apo inokura pakakwirira mamita 2500 pamusoro pegungwa. Kureba kwe shrub kunogona kusvika kumamita maviri nehafu. Mipanga yacho iduku, imwe nehafu hafu mamita masere, uye mashizha ane rutivi rwakasimba anoputirwa nekutema kwemavara. Mu inflorescence, kusvika kumaruva makumi maviri emucheka wakaoma unogona kuunganidzwa, uye michero maroon yakaoma nekunzwa kwemavara akajeka. Zvose-gwenzi chitsva barberry hachidi muvhu weasiti. Kudyara uye kumuchengeta zviri nyore. Zvitsva zvevanhu vakuru zvinopona zvakakwana kunyange nguva yakaoma yechando, asi vaduku vanogona uye nechando, asi nyore nyore kubvarura uye kukurumidza kukura.

Berberis sphaerocarpa, kana barberry sharoblodny (mune imwe nzira iyo inonzi bipartite), yakauya kwatiri mumiganhu yenyika kubva kumakomo eCentral Asia. Iyo shrub inogona kusvika 2,5 mamita pakureba, ichipararira kwazvo, nemakona maduku-akaiswa grey-ruvara ruvara. Kuunganidza pa 5-10 maruva e inflorescence inonhuwira kwazvo. Chibereko chine bluish bloom chine mavara machena machena.

Vagari veKyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan neTajikistan vanoshandisa mabriji nguva dzose mukugadzirira, kuwedzera kune muto we shish kebab uye shurpa. Zvibereko inzira yakanakisisa yokurwisa scurvy, sezvo ivo vakapfuma kwazvo mu ascorbic acid.

Iyi mhuka yakanyanyisa mukutarisira, inorega kunyange kupisa kwakasimba uye kunaya kwemvura kwenguva yakareba. Izvo zvakanaka zvinoregererwa nemashizha echando, asi majaya maduku anogona kutambura, saka zviri nani kuvafukidza. Asi mhepo yakanyanyisa inogona kutungamirira kune chirwere chemvura yakashata, kunyanya iyo dziya. Izvisire munzvimbo isina kubhururuka nemhepo, uye ivhu rakaoma uye risingaiti, uye iwe uchafarira michero inonaka uye maitiro akanaka. Inopararira zvakanakisisa nezvidimbu uye mbeu.

Berberis nummularia, kana barberry mari, yakauya kwatiri kubva kumagwenga eCentral neNorthern Asia. Gwenzi racho rakakura kwazvo kusvika pamamita maviri akareba. Mashizha emucheka mutsvuku anofukidzwa nemiti yakareba zvikuru kusvika masendimita matatu mashizha mashizha aya ane bluish-ruvara, ruvara, rwakakwana, oblong-elliptical muchimiro. Maruva makuru akatsvuka mutsvuku anounganidzwa mubhurosi. Majiroji aya ane mazhenje mumhando yakasvibirira yakajeka. Pamberi pemakore gumi nemana emakore barberry inotarisana nekukanda, shure kwaizvozvo inodzorerwa kwenguva yakareba. Haifariri zvakasimba mhepo yakasvibiswa, sezvo inonyanya kunetseka nehutachiona hwezvirwere. Asi kusanaya, kunyange kwakasimba uye kwenguva refu, hakutyi. Ivhu rinomuda kuti ave chiedza, kwete acidic.

Amur barberry inobva kuFar East. Mumusango, anofarira kugara pamhenderekedzo yehova uye kumativi emasango. Kunze, zvakasiyana zvishoma kubva paAmur barberry chaiwo, iyo yakakwirira inogona kusvika kusvika mamita matatu matatu. Makuru akavharwa mashizha e-glossy-ruvara ruvara mukuwa inenge iri yerozha kana ruvara rwepepuru.