Archimedes simba

Genius Archimedes akakurira mumhuri masvomhu, dzidzo yakanaka muAlexandria uye akararama upenyu hwake hwose ari Sicilian taundi Syracuse. Akava muvambi yokungotaura Vanamakanika, vakabudirira akashanda dambudziko rokuwana pemvura nzvimbo uye ukuru-siyana uye miviri. Kazhinji kuyeuka yakakurumbira wokuti ake, "Ndipei nzvimbo kumira uye ini kuchaita nyika!" Uye okushamisika okuti "Eureka!" Parakavhura mutemo, ainzi zita rake. Asi, mukuwedzera, akanga ane musayendisiti mumunda geometry uye hurongwa, uye ouinjiniya ake nokubudirira vakanga zvinoshamisa vakararama ushingi pfungwa uye zvabuda zvikuru. Akavaka catapult pamwe vysokopritselnym rakanda hurongwa wayo chinogumbura-ruoko mashandiro anobvumira kusimudza chikepe pamusoro mvura, uye ivo tega chidhina solntseotrazhayuschih nezvionioni vakapisa Roman rengarava panguva yokukombwa Syracuse.

Zvimwewo zvakawanwa unobatanidza kare nezita musayendisiti iri kupenya mu wefizikisi nokusingaperi kuramba simba Archimedes. Kuwana uku aishamwaridzana rinoshanda zvinodiwa: kunodiwa kuona jewelers kutendeseka, kuti korona mambo Hiero II. Chii zvino kunzi chaiyo giravhiti, aizivikanwa kunyange mumazuva iwayo, asi sei kuti huwandu yakadaro kunzwisisa chigadzirwa, hazvina kujeka. Ngano rinobatanidza zvakaoma kuvhura Archimedes 'musimboti nokuwana nemvura masayendisiti. Musimboti zvakawanikwa iri chokwadi kuti muviri ari Urume anoita buoyancy pakati Archimedes, tsanangudzo unova nyaya dzinokosha pfungwa vagadziri ari kushambira nzira, mano kushanda mvura, pasi mvura, uyewo anoramba aeronautics - Balloons, Yatanga Kuongorora, airships, etc. .

The klassiske Pfungwa mutemo rinoti kuti buoyancy akaenzana uremu emura kuti displaces muviri kunyudzwa mariri. Pasi rino tsanangudzo yemaitiro zviratidzo nyore kwazvo: kana tichifungidzira kuti bhuku muviri achinyatsotaurira imwe mvura akaenzana O, uye nhamba emura - p, ipapo chigadzirwa wavo ndiye aida Archimedes simba. The yemaitiro wayo kukarukureta zvakanyorwa sezvinotevera:

F = pp * About

Kakawanda iri vachiidza kuti akaedzwa Archimedes 'pfungwa panyaya magasi - zvakawanda zvakasiyana arambe achirema nemvura uye gasi. Nokuti vatsoropodzi vane zvakanaka nyore kuedza. In tsiva, pamwe mhepo kubvisa nzvimbo pazviyero bhora guru Somuenzaniso, girazi, uye simbi zviyereso kuti kuubata.

Saka, mudenga uremu bhora riri mikwende nokurema Zviidzo uye anogona kunyora mukana wokuti vanhu vanga PM = Pr waguta, nekuti zvinhu nepakati. Kana pakutanga vanofunga kuti Archimedes 'musimboti ndohwechokwadi, zvino uremu bhora uye uto Archimedes FSH uye YAKABUDA MU, uye ipapo mamiriro zvakanyatsoenzana zvinogona rewritten:

Pm = Rsh1 - FSH uye Pr = WG1 - YAKABUDA MU apo Rsh1 WG1 uye bhora uremu uye nokurema mu Vacuum. Zvadaro isu mberi sezvo kuchikoro: Rsh1 - PN = WG1 - YAKABUDA MU, apo Rsh1 = WG1 - YAKABUDA MU + Photoshop = WG1 + (F W - fg).

Zvino tinofanira - vanofanira kuzivisa zviri buoyancy mauto kuti bhora uye zviyero: PN = peji * Osh uye Fy = peji * Gr.

Kuita kuzvitsinhanisa netsika buoyancy mauto ari okuti Rsh1.

Rsh1 = WG1 - YAKABUDA MU + PN = WG1 + (p * Osh - p * Gr) = WG1 + peji * (OSH - Oz).

Pakupedzisira, tinowana kuti uremu bhora muzvanza okuti iyo, tichifunga nezvokuti Osh> Ogi, rinonyatsotaura: kurema bhora iri anoshaiwa kukoshesa uremu, kunyange mudenga uye vane mwero: Rsh1 = WG1 + peji * (Osh - Ogi ).

Chikonzero mhedziso ichi ndechokuti Archimedes simba kunobva zvakananga uremu dzedenga uye vhoriyamu imwe sebhora. Muchiitiko chino, tarisa mhedziso iyi nyore chaizvo - zvakafanira kupomba mhepo kubva bhokisi. Kana ukaita izvi, unogona pachako nechokwadi kuti mutemo nomurayiro, zvoitwa chero nguva, chero - zvose emura uye gasi. Uchapupu ichi Haatauri kuti kare akanaka Zviidzo, bhora.

Mudziyo, ane kuvapo - kuramba kuratidzwa Archimedes 'musimboti chipi zvacho, ndiko yepasi pemvura. Regulation youremu mudziyo kuzadziswa zvose kufamba nzira vachishandisa kutsigisa igwa Matangi - muenzaniso wokushandiswa iri tsika wakajeka zvikuru kare matongo mumamiriro ezvinhu ano.