Amphoteric nesimbi dzavo zvivako

Amphoteric nesimbi - vari nyore zvinhu izvo zviri yakarongeka, zvemakemikari uye mumuviri zvivako zvakafanana vaya esimbi maatomu akafanana boka. By pachavo, zvacho havagoni kuva amphoteric ehupfumi, mukusiyana avo yeimwe. Somuenzaniso, oxides uye hydroxides mamwe nesimbi vane hunyambiri makemikari hunhu - mune zvimwe zvinhu ivo azviite acids uye vane nzvimbo nevamwe alkalis.

Basic amphoteric nesimbi - ndiko aruminiyamu, zingi, chromium, uye simbi. Ichi boka zvinhu zvinosanganisira beryllium uye strontium.

Chii amphoteric?

Kokutanga, pfuma iyi yakawanikwa kare. Uye shoko rokuti "amphoteric zvinhu" wakatangwa muna 1814 mune zvesayenzi pedyo yaizivikanwa mishonga thenar uye L. J. Gay-Lussac. Mumazuva iwayo, makemikari anoshandiswa kuti mapoka mapoka kuti akasangana dzinokosha ehupfumi zvavo panguva kuita.

Kunyange zvakadaro, boka oxides uye nezvigadziko nhaka Dual kugona. Under zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai zvinokuvadza azviite alkali dzimwe nekusiyana, vave acids. Kuti shoko rokuti "amphoteric" uye saizvozvo ikamutswa. Nokuti izvi mishonga maitiro munguva asidhi-chawo maitiro kunoenderana zvinhu waro Implementation, yezvakaita reactants vanobatanidzwa uyewo ehupfumi ari solvent.

Sezvineiwo, zviri vivo amphoteric nesimbi ingashanda pamwe nevasina alkali uye acid. Somuenzaniso, panguva zvakaitwa pamwe aruminiyamu sulfate asidhi yakabereka aruminiyamu sulfate. Zvino maitiro chete ane simba alkali simbi yakaoma munyu aumbwa.

Amphoteric nezvigadziko vavo zvinokosha zvivako

Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, izvi zvinhu zvakaoma. Vakanga kushanda regai mudutu mvura uye vanoonekwa asi simba electrolytes.

Nzira inokosha chokuwana zvigadziko yakadaro - resimbi munyu ne maitiro ane shoma alkali. Precipitation maitiro yaifanira zvishoma nezvishoma uye nokungwarira. Somuenzaniso, mune pakugadzirira zingi hydroxide mune bvunzo chubhu ine zingi chloride kunyatsoongorora akawedzera dropwise yavaibvisa hydroxide. Pose unofanira zvishoma zunzai mudziyo kuona chena simbi emadhaka nechepasi ndiro.

With acids uye asidhi oxides amphoteric zvinhu sei somunhu nechimwe. Somuenzaniso, zvakaitwa zingi hydroxide pamwe hydrochloric asidhi achiumbwa pamusoro zingi chloride.

Asi panguva siyana nezvigadziko amphoteric nezvigadziko vazvibate sezvo acids.

Uyewo, kana simba kudziyisa amphoteric hydroxides vari yaora kuumba unoenderana amphoteric oxide uye mvura.

Rakajairika amphoteric simbi: tsanangudzo pfupi

Zingi rinoreva boka amphoteric zvinhu. Kunyange zvazvo alloys iyi zvinhu rave kushandiswa mararamiro ekare, ayo yakaisvonaka muchimiro nayo aizozivikanwa chete muna 1746.

Vakachena simbi iri zvakakwana pfava zvinhu rinokwanisa kucheneruka ruvara. In mhepo nokukurumidza oxidized zingi - dims kwayo pamusoro akafukidza nhete anoonekwa oxide.

Zvakasikwa, zingi aripo runonyanya muchimiro zvicherwa - zincite, smithsonite, Calamita. The inozivikanwa zvinhu - blende ichi, chine zingi sulfide. The deposits pakukura chicherwa ichi inowanikwa Bolivia uye Australia.

Aluminum ndiyo nhasi vaiona simbi kupfuura zhinji panyika. alloys Its kunge kushandiswa emakore, uye muna 1825 nefuma oga yakachena chimiro.

aruminiyamu wakachena chinhu lightweight simbi sirivha. Iye nyore machine psac uye Kudzingwa. chaikosha Izvi yakakwirira zvemagetsi uye chafariz conductivity. Uyezve, simbi iyi husingakwanisi ngura. Chokwadi chokuti pose rinofukidzwa nhete asi nemishonga chaizvo oxide firimu.

To musi, aruminiyamu zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa indasitiri.