Apo Temple Golden iri?

Golden Temple - mapurani chivakwa ane zvitendero, yainzi kushandiswa zvendarama kwayo kushongedzwa. Munyika yose vanozivikanwa temberi - vatatu, mumwe riri kuIndia, muguta Amritsar, mumwe - pachitsuwa Sri Lanka, wechitatu - muna Kyoto, Japan.

Saka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti iyo nyika ndiyo Temberi Golden, hakusi inonzwisisika, kunze zita rinoshandiswa kwete chete nokuda mapurani hurongwa iri munyika dzakasiyana, asiwo muchimiro bhuku rokuremekedza, rakabudiswa eJapan munyori Yukio Mishima muna 1956.

Temple Harmandir kuIndia

Golden Temple (Harmandir Va) ari Indian ezvinhu Punjab muna Amritsar, iri pamuganhu India uye Pakistan, ndiye mukuru mapurani Monument remakore rechi16. Anozivikanwa zvakare nhoroondo yezvakaitika pano muzana remakore rechi20. pana Sikh chimurenga.

Amritsar - guta vanhu miriyoni imwe, izvo maererano Indian mitemo kureva zvishoma - muzinda nhoroondo netsika uye zvechitendero pakati vaSikh, uye temberi yaiva pano anonzi kuva tsvene zvokunamata mamiriyoni 20 evanhu ava, kutamira munyika.

kuvaka Its akatanga muna 1589 varayirwa mubati Guru Arjan Mhandara Jia. The erection chivako ndichiona Emperor Sikh Randzhit Singha uye nemari kubva mari muguta Punjab. By inofungidzirwa vavaki ndarama yakanamirwa pamifananidzo ndiro yemhangura makirogiramu 100 chaidiwa anokosha simbi.

temberi tsvene pamire pachitsuwa rakapoteredzwa nemvura "Lakes kusafa" (Amrta Barn), sezvamakaropafadzwa kuzivikanwa vaSikh mvura kuporesa ehupfumi. Mudziva vari hove mutsvuku, kabhu. Vakawanda vatsva vari kuedza kushambira mudziva, kuti vazoporeswa pahosha dzavo.

In mufananidzo Yechinwiwa Temple chinogona kuonekwa kuti chivako unogona kuenda mhiri zambuko, pashure achipfuura pagedhi aine murindi. Inside zvinonzi akachengeta bhuku dzvene Guru Granth Va, inova dzakaunganidzwa nziyo dzechitendero. Vakanga rinoumbwa 10 Chisel vezvitendero nhatu: vaSikh, vaMuslim uye vaHindu, uye akaurayiwa panguva zuva kuenderana zvemimhanzi.

Harmandir akitekicha - kongiri kuti Hindu uye Islamic kuitika, rinewo yayo yepakutanga features, ayo yendarama rising mu chimiro lotus chinofananidzira Sikh kuzvipira kuti upenyu pasina zvakaipa uye zvivi. Maererano mukomberedzo kwegungwa ari machena temberi chando-chena, rezasi chikamu masvingo iri wezvidimbu mifananidzo nemhuka.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti temberi yakazarukira vanhu vezvitendero zvose uye ruvara, saka yokufananidzira ine 4 zvinoshandisa pakurima kuti mufundisi. The Guru wokutanga, anonzi iye akachenjera murevereri, akaparidza pachokwadi kuenzana uye ukama avanhu vose.

Legend of "Lake Chokusafa"

Munguva dzekare ngano Yechinwiwa Temple uye kwegungwa padivi payo inotiudza anozvikudza vamoyo, uyo baba akasarudza chikomba. Zvisinei, iye akanga anaye haana kubvumirana uye havana kuda kuroora, nekuti baba vangu vakasarudza kumupa munhu wokutanga uyo vachasangana navo mumugwagwa. Nomukomana akanga azere namaronda gwatya, izvo iye akauya kuna nyanza ichi uye kuruboshwe.

Nokuti mwenga nomuroori akauya shure akanaka murume, asi muchindakadzi havana kumutenda uye akaramba kuti aiva mhondi wake. Asi tsaona ichi kwakaita kuti musikana akapindura mudziva mvura akamuka 2 swans dema, vakanga vagara yachenera yasimuka, uye ipapo muchindakadzi aidavira kuti nomukomana wake akaporeswa nemvura dzvene.

Sacred Temple uye ropa remakore rechi20

The munhau remakore rechi20. Rakanga tsvarakadenga vakashatirwa uye ropa, aine kuuraya vanhu. Muna 1919 pakava kuponda pa Dzhallianvalabagh Square pakati Amritsar, razova rimwe zvinonyadzisa mapeji British Colonisation munyika ino. April 13, 1919 muguta mwoyo vakawanda vechitendero kupemberera Vaisakhi Sikh uye British General R. Dwyer akarayira mauto kupfura munhu, maererano mamwe mashoko chakarasika vanenge 1 zviuru. MaIndia-vaSikh. Pashure pezviitiko izvi, Gandhi uye vateveri vake akatungamirira asiri pamwe kufamba, rwakatanga kutamburira muIndia rusununguko, hazvina ave kutanga munyika ranwa.

Zvichitevera muchiuto Zviitiko reropa Mugumisiro yakaitika pano muna 1984, apo Sikh mutungamiri John. Bhindranval neshamwari dzake vakatora Golden Temple muna Amritsar uye izvozvo kutanga kurwira yakazvimirira Sikh mamiriro Khalistan. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi akarayira kuparadzwa separatists, izvo zvakaitwa kubudikidza Indian hondo warrior mauto. Mhedzisiro ichi chaiva sefungu iri Sikh ugandanga uye Indira Gandhi akaurayiwa vachengetedzi vake, avo vaivawo pamusoro Sikh kwavanobva.

Temberi tsvene yakanga hafu kuparadzwa nezviitiko izvi, asi nokufamba kwenguva izvozvo yarwaimbova. Kuziva apo Golden Temple, Mapilgrim akawanda pano kuti kubata zvisungo yechitendero, kuita kupira denderedzwa kumativi mudziva kana kutora imwe Dip mariri nokuda nokuporesa muviri.

Zvino nguva dzose yakazaruka kuna vose vaiuya, zvemamongi kurarama pano nguva dzose nziyo uye verenga ndima kubva mubhuku dzvene vaSikh, iyo kuburikidza wevakurukuri rose zvakaoma. Yapamusoro rakavhurika Sikh Museum, umo kwamagwaro pamusoro nhoroondo kudzvinyirirwa kwavanhu nokuda Mughals, Britain Indira Gandhi.

Golden Cave Temple muna Kumbakonam

Chimwe mhinduro yomubvunzo iyo nyika ndiyo Temberi Golden - pachitsuwa Sri Lanka. It itemberi ya muBhudha vechitendero uye vashanyi. temberi bako iyi zvakaoma rinosanganisira temberi yendarama kupfuura yekare munyika, vanopfuura 22 emakore.

History inotiudza temberi King Valagambahu kuti muna 1. BC. e. Iye vakatapwa pano vavengi vake uye akagara mubako imomo mamongi. Makore 14 gare gare, akatora chigaro zvakare, uye pano akaraira kuti vagadzire temberi bako, sezvo akanyorwa anotiudza nomutauro Brahmans, iri repamusoro pedo nomukova. Kubvira ipapo, temberi muna Kumbakonam yawana kukurumbira sezvo nzvimbo vanhu vanobva zvose pamusoro nyika vaBhudha yokunamata.

. Anopfuura 2 zviuru makore ari pachikoro vatongi chitsuwa vaiita yakawanda kuchinja, kusanganisira:

• muzana remakore rechi12. King Nissankamalla akapa chiratidzo kufukidza zvose 73 Buddha Statue nendarama yakaisvonaka, saka zita mubako temberi Golden;
• muzana remakore rechi18. vemo Artists uye ezvivako vakaita mapurani kuchinja muchechi kuti kuramba nhasi: nguva nenguva kudzorerwa emifananidzo vachishandisa siyana nemishonga madhayi, zvinyorwa zvemabikiro iyo inoitwa pakavanda kukuru;
• muzana remakore rechi20. It kwakapera muvharanda uye pediments nechinangwa kufukidza temberi nemhepo ine simba.

Chii kuona mutemberi Kumbakonam

Mhinduro yomubvunzo "Kuti uone kuti Golden Temple, iyo nyika inofanira kuenda?", Will - kuna Sri Lanka muna Kumbakonam. Kwakasara umwe zvivako chitsuwa kupfuura yekare yechitendero.

The zvakaoma kunosanganisira Golden Temple, 5 bako temberi nemapako akawanda diki (anenge 70), pakuvaka uye gadziridzo raisanganisira anenge ose vatongi kuCeylon. Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro pegomo 350 metres refu pamusoro 20 hectares yacho, akaziva sezvo ari World Heritage Site ne UNESCO.

dzechitendero zvivako izvi nezvevanakomana vafambi uye vashanyi dzakaitika uye nounyanzvi Sri Zimbabwean Artists mumazana emakore. Sezvo vose mutemberi dzechiBuddha uye dzimba dzemamongi, pataishanyira vafambi ake kunzwa kubvumirana nyika yake yomukati, iyo inobatsira kukunda kunetseka mamiriro uye kunakidzwa inoshamisa kufungisisa.

Kushongedzwa kwetemberi iri muunganidzwa mifananidzo yacho Buddha, uyo akanga achifamba 2 Zvinangwa, uyewo mifananidzo, inova nyaya kwawakabva-siyana muupenyu hwake.

Inenge dzose mifananidzo Buddha mubako mutemberi dziri kunyanya pose kufungisisa zvakadzama, pane uye chifananidzo kwaMambo Valagambahu huni. Mune imwe bako anogona kuonekwa pamwe yepanyama vanonetseka - kuitika mvura, iyo zvino runoyerera mumukombe ndarama.

Chimwe bako riri nedhaka, kushandiswa pamberi wakakotsekana yamambo vakadzi zvishongo zvakanga dzichapambwa. Mubako, dzakapendwa muzana remakore rechi18., Masvingo uye sirin'i anenge 1 zviuru. Buddha zvifananidzo, uyewo kupfuura 50 yakanyungudutswa vake vakagara uye zvinzvimbo nhema, ari Vol. H. Mumwe mifananidzo ine pakukura 9 m.
Muduku mumapako, iyo yakadzorerwa mukuvamba rechi20 c., Ko zvakawanda zvinonakidza, t. To. The mavara havana nguva kuti ipere kwemakore 100.

Temple muna Japan: munhoroondo

Chimwe mapurani mamiriro inonzi Golden Temple muJapan, iri guta guru rekare Kyoto pamusoro munharaunda temberi Kitayanmaden. In Japanese, zita rinonzwika "Kinkaku-Ji", iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "Golden Pavilion".

VokuJapan funga izvozvo kupfuura yakanaka kuvaka munyika, kuti Golden Temple vatonyanya yekare kupfuura Indian - yakavakwa muna 1397 sechinhu Villa vamwe mutongi Yoshimitsu, uyo abdicated uye akararama pano kusvikira parufu rwake. Zvino nzvimbo yokuchengetera zvinoera dzechiBhudha.

The zita "Gold" anoratidza kwete chete kuonekwa, asi chivako zvinhu, nokuti pamusoro 2 guva temberi akafukidzwa machira nendarama chaiyo. Chivako pamire pamahombekombe pegungwa, iyo chaizvo zvakanaka inoratidza ayo yendarama sokupenya, vakapoteredza mukomberedzo nematombo nhema kuitira kusimbisa pfuma yayo uye runako.

Temple, nemaonero vokuJapan - kukwana kuti rakanaka, yepakutanga uye understated runako: kubhururuka pamusoro pemvura Mirror Lake, zvikuru chichinyatsobatanidzwa riri revatema kupinda akapoteredza paki. Architecture uye hunhu pano vari yakaenzana kusikwa chifananidzo hwokudhirowa. Gungwa yaiva muzinda murume-dzakagadzirwa pachitsuwa Turtle uye Crane.

Tikafunga kwetemberi uye dziva kukonzera pfungwa yokuva woga uye anyerere, rugare norunyararo, kupangidza denga nenyika ndiye soro nokuratidzwa zvepanyama zvivako.

Temple muna Kyoto: mamiriro

Pakati pezana remakore rechi20. mumwe mamongi, kupenga, uye kuti kubata runako, akaita dzimba yomukatikati, asi aigona kudzorerwa kwaro yapfuura chimiro. Chivako iri mu zvikuru nezvakapoteredza Japan mubindu, yakagadzirwa Lanes uye yakashongedzwa madziva maduku uye hova, iyo vaiona rimwe yakaisvonaka wokuJapan.

Mumwe pasi Golden Temple muna Kyoto ine chinangwa chacho:

• Pakutanga, inonzi "mvura yokunatsa Temple" (Hosuyin) takapoteredzwa pavharanda, projecting pamusoro pemvura dziva nzvimbo vaenzi uye vaenzi, omukati akaita manyorerwo dzimba kwamachinda;
• pazuva repiri, nowenyika imwe Samurai imba uye inonzi "cavern pamusoro egungwa" (Toonhora), zvikuru yakashongedzwa Japanese kupenda, pane mumhanzi kamuri, uye nhetembo;
• uriri yechitatu iri sero mumongi Zen inonzi "Top yakanaka" (Kukoto), ane mbiri yakanaka yokufeva hwindo yokutanga, dzakavakwa manyorero echiBuddha mapurani 14., mairi vachinzi mhemberero yechitendero, mukati nokunze kamuri wakafukidzwa mashizha goridhe pamusoro dema kumashure;
• pamusoro pedenga chifananidzo Chinese Phoenix.

Mubindu itsime Gingasen (Gwara Way), izvo akaona shogun Yoshimitsu. The pfuma inokosha iri Fudodo horo, riri munzvimbo wechiBuddha mwari Fudo Moo.

Book Yukio Mishima "Golden Temple"

Bhuku rino "Kinkaku-Ji", mumitauro yakawanda, kusanganisira pamusoro Russian (rakashandurwa B. Akunin), rakanyorwa muna 1956 uye inotiudza chaiyo zviitiko moto mutemberi, kana muna 1950 ari novitiate pakati wemamongi haana moto ichi chakanaka pakuvaka. munyori yokufungidzira - Japanese munyori Yukio Mishima, kunozivikanwa munyika sezvo akakurumbira uye chinokosha musiki yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20.

Nemhaka nganonyorwa iri kwayo mukurumbira, vakawanda vakadzidza pamusoro nyika umo Golden Temple uye sei chiitiko anotyisa kwakaitika, somugumisiro iyo temberi chakatsva uye rakaparadzwa.

Protagonist of yokufungidzira - mwanakomana womupristi murombo Mizonokuchi, uyo akanga Ugare naye baba kubva pauduku nyaya kunaka Golden Temple. Pashure porufu rwake, akaenda kushamwari yake Dosenu, vakashumira sezvo Rector kwekereke, panguva muBhudha Academy ndakaenda kuchikoro. Kuva pachake yakaipa nechitarisiko uye ane urema muchimiro chokundandama, aiwanzoenda akasvika chivako matsvene, achikotamira kunaka kwayo uye achikumbira kuvhura chakavanzika chake.

Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru protagonist anopinda yunivhesiti uye anoda kuti mutsivi abbot, asi hazvina kufanira uye dzoutsinye zviito akamanikidza Dosena achinje pfungwa dzake.

Zvishoma nezvishoma yomukati kurwadziwa mupfungwa nokufamba Mizonokuchi kuwana chinangwa chinoshamisa nokuti rudo runako uye ukuru temberi, vachidziparadza arupise, uye ipapo kuzviuraya. Kusarudza yakakodzera, zvinoita yakatarwa moto uye atiza.

Mishima ichibata Golden Temple sezvo musimboti wenyika yakanaka runako rwenyika, izvo, maererano huru hunhu, haana nzvimbo dzakashata nyika ino.

The njodzi Yukio Mishima

Njodzi munyori "Golden Temple" Yukio Mishima (1925-1970) akanga zvinosuruvarisa. Kuva mumwe wevanyori yakakurumbira Japanese pakati pashure pehondo pores, Mishima aiva 3 nguva nominated nokuda Nobel Prize, akanyora enganonyorwa akawanda kuti vave nevakawanda uye kuzivikanwa pasi pose, "House Kyoko", "Society Shield," "The muGungwa Fertility", etc. rake. mabasa chaiko uye mirayiridzo nemabasa dzaisiyana muupenyu: okutanga enganonyorwa vakanga vakazvipira zvinetso ungochani, ipapo akanga kuchinjwa aesthetic nezvemaitiro mabhuku. Mishima nganonyorwa "The Golden Temple" zvakanyorwa kunyatsoreva iyi, iye anorondedzera zvakadzama kuongorora nyika isina murume nenhamo yake yomukati.

Ipapo vakabudisa "Imba Kyoko," inova kupangidza musimboti yaitonga, zvichikonzera dzinonetsa tinyatsonzwisisa zvakashandurwa: vamwe vakadanidzira rounyanzvi uye vamwe - chaunobura. Izvi kwaiva kutanga kutsemuka uye zvakadzika mwoyo muupenyu hwavo.

Kubvira 1966, munyori "Golden Temple" Yukio Mishima anova Ultra-zvakanaka, anosika paramilitary boka "Society nhoo", chinangwa iyo rinozivisa kudzorerwa youmambo utongi. With 4 mamwe masoja ake akanga achiedza kuita chimurenga, izvo tega kuti zvinobudirira dzinongomutsa kuzviuraya ake. Rokutora muchiuto nechigadziko, akaita nhaurwa kuna mambo, uye ipapo kuti Hara-Kiri, neshamwari dzake kupedza tsika, akagura musoro wake. Kwakadaro kwaiva unosuruvarisa mugumo upenyu yakakurumbira munyori Japanese.

Saka sei munyika Golden Temple?

Huripo munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika yacho Golden Temple, yakavakwa kare, ndivo Zvivako zvechitendero, chimwe nechimwe yava nzvimbo apo vakawanda vanotsvaka vafambi uye nevafambi. Vanoda sika kwete chete munhau asi munyika dzechitendero, vaikurudzira kutsvaka kuchena uye chivi upenyu, kuti kubvumirana yakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza uye nyika mumwe munhu upi chitendero rwomukati.

Nhoroondo temberi iyi izere zvakawanda uye dzinopikisana zviitiko, dzimwe nguva kusimba zvaisiririsa. Vamwe vavo zvinoratidzwa anozivikanwa mabhuku mabasa: mumwe wavo ndiye yokufungidzira "The Golden Temple"
Yu Mishima.