Apo pane anofukidza? The Fauna of rainforest. Okunze ndiko Tropical rainforest

Tropical mumasango - ". Great Nyika chemishonga" munhu "chiedza" chenyika, pfuma chinokosha zvikuru, Kwemakore akawanda kwakanga vaidavira kuti zvibereko hombe yakawanda okisijeni, asi zvakanga zvisina kudaro, asi nyorova okunze kunoita kwakakwana mhepo filtration uye kucheneswa pakusachena. Munzvimbo iyi inokura yakawanda makwenzi, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa chevarwere uye mushonga mukuru. Where kura dzinopisa masango, musha kune akawandisa shiri, carnivores, artiodactyla, Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika zvisikwa, ivo zvimwe pamwe mundima iyoyo, vafambi Zvinoshamisa wayo multiplicity.

Kupararira masango anogara achinaya

Kamwe zviri pachena apo anofukidza kukura kana kuti ivo vorudzii "tenderedza" nyika iri mudunhu rinowanzopisa. Ivo riri nyorovera ichinaya, dzinopisa yakaoma, unozvidzora subequatorial zvikamu, anomirira mutsetse yakajeka, kwaizombomiswa bedzi makomo uye nyanza. Zvichienderana mhepo tembiricha uye kunayisa kuchinja uswa. Kuchinaya nharaunda rakafukidza miti yakasvibira kasvisto, kumatunhu drier kuvat hwokuratidza Deciduous, uye achiteverwa masango mapani. Sezvakaitika South America, uye Africa dziri kumadokero monsoon, kumabvazuva - the mapani, uye pakati - iri ine masango.

dondo mumatunhu

Description of rainforest achapiwa nani kunzwisiswa kupatsanura kuva nezvishoma. zvina zvinokosha siyana zvinogona kupatsanurwa. Okumusoro - ane muti waigara uri girini kusvika 70 mamita akareba, girini heti kazhinji chete kubva kumusoro, asi kubva pazasi - zvisina hunde dzacho. Hofori idzi pasina zvinetso angakudzivisai madutu, tembiricha kunyanyisa, achivanza dzimwe tiers kubva ekunze. Huru musha pano - makondo, kungozvifunga, zviremwaremwa. Zvadaro pane sango kanopi rinoumbwa ne 45-rutsoka miti. The pamwero ichaongororwa kuva korona zvikuru siyana, rine vanenge 25% vose kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Masayendisiti dzinobvumirana kuti 40% yose yemiti panyika zviri weDanho ichi, kunyange zvazvo asina aizvinzwisisa.

Chii chinozotevera ndiyo avhareji sandara, akadana understory, apo kurarama nyoka, shiri, madzvinyu, tumbuyu, zvakare, zhinji. At weDanho nemarara ndizvo zvasara mhuka uye kuorera mazviri zvinomera. kuparadzana kwakadaro zvapararira muna nyorovera dzinopisa. Pano, somuenzaniso, nomusango - Masango South America - iri divisible kupinda matatu nhanho. Chokutanga - uswa, yakaderera zvirimwa, ferns, uye wechipiri - ipwa, pasi nemiti, vaduku miti, uye wechitatu - mukuru 40 mita miti.

Kubva kuti, apo pane anofukidza zvinongoshandisa richikunda mune mhando iyi kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Somuenzaniso, Mangroves dzakazara ichinaya uye dzinopisa latitudes munzvimbo naTidhari zvisungo seashores. Pano zvirimwa zvikure vakajaira kuita pasina okisijeni uye kwazvo vanonzwa vari wakawanda ivhu. Midzi yavo uvhure kwazvo zvakatipoteredza nzvimbo pamusoro oysters, crustaceans, zvokutengeserana mhando hove. On egomo iri munzvimbo condensation mhute kana bvungapfunga chikwindi kukura masango kwese pasi tembiricha usiku.

In dzisinganayi nharaunda dzaitongwa mapani uye rainforest, asi akaoma. The zvirimwa ndivo miti yakasvibira, asi xeromorphic uye undersized. Kumatunhu ine uye mvura zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana mwaka vanokura shanduka-nyorovera Masango yo Deciduous kanopi uye shoma mizambiringa uye epiphytes. Ivo zvinowanikwa South America, Africa, Sri Lanka, India uye Indochina.

Okunze ndiko Tropical rainforest

In anogara achinaya mvura tembiricha neeSultan kubva 20 ° C kusvika 35 ° C, mvura pano anenge mazuva ose, saka mwando wakachengetwa pa 80%, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura 100%. Munguva subtropics hapana seasonality, tembiricha tsika rakatsiga. On dzakatenuka apo bvungapfunga aona masikati kuchipisa, uye zvichida usiku unopinza kutonhora kuti 0 ° C. Okunze ndiko masango anogara achinaya dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana mapazi. In dzinopisa, mukuru tembiricha uye vakaderera mwando, yakawanda mwando pamusoro neequator uye shungu kwazvo, uye mamiriro okunze subequatorial mapazi kunobva monsoon.

Tropical miti

Miti masango anogara achinaya akasiyana chaizvo kubva unozvidzora miti ekunze. Musi Zvinoitwa pakukura kwavo kukanganiswa mamiriro ekunze, nekuti panguva neequator pane seasonality, kunonaia anenge mazuva ose, uye mhepo tembiricha iri 25-35 ° C. Kana Hofori Russian vari akura kwemazana emakore uye hapana zvinokwana makore 10-15. Mumwe mhando muti rakadeurwa mashizha ayo zvachose yakajeka nguva, zvingava kaviri pagore, kamwe mumakore 2-3. Ivo anotumbuka zvakare, pose vachida, vamiririri vakawanda Maruva zvinofadza mavara kamwe gumi. Miti yakakura Rakaunyana mashizha, simba zvokugona chigone yokugezera chekubuda simba. In dzinopisa inokura rudzi kupfuura 600 yemishenjere, mumwe chokoreti muti, muti rokutambudzikira, Marang, jackfruit, breadfruit, Mango uye nevamwe.

Zvigwenzi nemiti

Zvikuru nharo ndiko mubvunzo kana pane ari rainforest shrub rukoko. Negore subtropical uye vakadzikama zvikamu zviri, asi ine - kwete. Chokwadi, pane vamiririri pamakwenzi asi vashoma uye pachavo pamwero wavo, havafaniri kusika. Navo vanokura herbaceous fanerofity kuchengetedza vanobva mumwe akawanda, uye miti kukakanganiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira nhengo vemhuri stsitaminovyh, Maratova uye mabhanana. nemiti Most ndezvaJehovha bipartite mashizha makuru, asi munyoro.

Herbs rainforest

Where kura dzinopisa masango, hunodzorwa mapoka maviri yemakwenzi: mumvuri-rudo uye mumvuri-anoshivirira. Wekutanga vanosarudza kukura yekudyidzana muzvinhu shaded, uye yokupedzisira vanokwanisa kuumba anowanzoita pasi namahwindo dondo kanopi. Cherechedza kuti kunyange pano masikati rubvunzavaeni yokutonga, nokuti chezuva haagoni kuwana kuburikidza akawanda korona miti. Herbaceous miti munzvimbo dzinopisa havasi vazhinji kudaro, pakati pavo iri hunodzorwa ferns, rekushongedzesa, Selaginella. For pfupi uswa kunofanira kusanganisira fanerofity, kuti madzinde iyo zvisina kushandurwa kwemakore akawanda. Uyewo musakanganwa pamusoro vneyarusnyh zvinomera: epiphytes, mizambiringa, chokumisa tupukanana, strangler.

Birds dzinopisa

Mhandara masango vari kumba kusimba yakanaka, inopenya, ane shiri chitarisiko kujairika. Ose chete venyika anozvikudza dzimwe shiri rwayo. Somuenzaniso, mune dzinopisa pakati Asia mhenyu turac chitarisiko akafanana partridges, chete zvishoma kurei. Vanomhanya makasimba, saka kana ngozi, regai kubvisa, uye kuti pane masimba skedaddle. Masango vari kumba kwesha sheche, pheasants, namatendera regal. In the American dzinopisa anogona kuwanikwa tinamous - bad kubhururuka shiri ine makumbo pfupi asi simba chaizvo. Zvakanaka, sei iwe hauna kurangarira inopenya, vachifara uye aitaurisa remaparrot, pasina zvisingabvumirwi dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Mukuwedzera, panguva neequator, kurarama muchero njiva, trogony, woodpeckers, flycatchers, hornbills. Mumasango ari Amazon pane Tsodzo, tanagers, matombo cocks, kotingi nevamwe vazhinji.

mhuka

The Fauna of rainforest zvakunoita ayo kusiyana uye zvipenyu kukwana. The nhamba chikuru ndiro boka tsoko kuti kurarama mudenga miti uye mune kwegore risingapindiki mumatenhere. The kupfuura dzinonakidza vavo - nayo tsebidy, callitrichidae uye arachnids mhuri. Igrunkoobraznye dzinoratidzwa chiduku duku saizi, pakureba havana kusvika anopfuura 15 cm tsebidy anozvikudza ari muswe refu, kwavakanga vari kuita kuti bazi uye dandemutande tsoko vane aida kuchinja uye refu nemakumbo.

Asi miti nemhuka zvakazonaka masango anogara achinaya hakungoitwi tsoko, vari kumusha Nehwiribidi, sloths, porcupines. Pakati zvikara hunodzorwa katsi - Jaguar, jaguarundi, ocelots, Panther, kubva mhuri imbwa - imbwa pfapfaidzo. Pane ungulates - tapirs, nondo spitserogie. Tropical masango akapfuma mune nemakonzo - possums, opossum, zviremwaremwa, agouti.

amphibians dzinopisa

A-siyana amphibians uye nezvinokambaira uye dzinopisa dondo. Photos of zvekumwe nyoka, matatya, makarwe, chameleons, madzvinyu havachasungirwi vaiona isingawanzowanikwi. Amphibians vanowanikwa munzvimbo dzose dzenyika, asi nhamba chikuru yaiitwa anogara achinaya mvura, sezvo ivo nokukwezvwa nokupisa uye unyoro. At neequator vanorarama kwete mvura asiwo miti iri axils nemashizha pamihoronga. In dzinopisa, kumusha salamanders, vakawanda dzine uturu, hombe kwakapararira mvura uye nyika anaconda Boa constrictor.

zvipembenene

Nepo dzimwe mhuka munyika rainforest, tinogona kufunga kuti zvipembenene havasi zvishoma wakajeka, kujairika uye ngozi. zvisikwa zviduku izvi nokukwezvwa ushamwari dzinopisa, mukuru mwando zvakasiyana-siyana zvokudya - zvisaririra zvemhuka uye vakawanda zvinomera. At neequator, unogona kuwana zvatinosiita nyuchi uye wasps, pano chete vari kusiyaniswa hombe kukura uye yakajeka, kupenya ruvara kwatiri. Pakati pavo vane vamiririri vane makumbo refu, mapapiro zvitema uye hombe hunde, vanokwanisa kupingudza huru zvipembenene uye madandaude. nemiti Vakawanda kuzvimba hunde dzacho - ichi svosve dendere. Masvosve kudzivirira miti munzvimbo dzinopisa, mumwe shizha-inodya kudya nezvipembenene.

Zvipembenene zvinokosha mukuzadzika upenyu rainforest havasi kutamba, asi ose mufambi achapiwa kungokangaidzwa siyana avo uye siyana. Zvipembenene izvi tiri dzinongoitika kushongedzwa ichi godforsaken nzvimbo. Chokwadi, munhu haagoni kukanganwa pamusoro dzinopisa kungozvifunga, chete kuSouth America, kune vanopfuura 700 marudzi ezvisikwa zvinoshamisa izvi. Mhuka nezvinomera masango anogara achinaya tinonyanyonangwa, vanhu vasingazivikanwi munyika. Vaongorori gore negore kuti nzira yavo vanyura mumatenhere, kusimudza chidzitiro chakavanzika, izvo zvinoramba nzvimbo iyi, kuti kuwana zvitsva mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.