Anthropological Dzidziso Lombroso

Cesare Lombroso imwe yakakurumbira vanachiremba vepfungwa uye criminologists Italy. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vamwe vanodavira tsvakurudzo ayo Zvakawanikwa chokwadi, Lombroso kunozivikanwa sezvo muvambi anthropological nezvemaitiro kwemhosva.

Student zvedzidzo makore

Cesare Lombroso akaberekwa muna 1835 mune Italian muguta Verona. Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari Lombroso akatanga zvidzidzo ake paYunivhesiti Pavia, apo akanga kufarira anthropology, neurophysiology uye wepfungwa. Vadzidzisi vakada mudzidzi Lombroso - akanga kushingaira kwazvo, vachiita kwete chete chirongwa, asiwo nguva. Kuti tinzwisise kusiyana madzinza nani Cesare kunyange akatanga kudzidzisa mitauro yokumwe - Chinese uye nechiAramaiki. Zvisinei, gare gare, akasarudza nzira siyanei umo nyika pakuzivikanwa anthropological dzidziso Cesare Lombroso.

Experience muchitokisi

Mumakore 18, Lombroso aiva shure nembariro, sezvo muchirongwa racho kuti kubatanidzwa Italy uye akawana fungira ari hwokuuraya hurumende. Student kusunungurwa pane kumbonyanya pfupi: haana kunyange vaunganidza zvedzidzo zvikwereti. Asi kugara mukamuri akaita zvinhu zvisingafi zvakamuorora. Jaya akashamiswa sei kukutsvinyira vakaita cellmates ake, uye chii chinoratidza kuti ive. Cesare kunyange vanofungidzira kuti vanhu ava vanogona kutambura cretinism. Pfungwa matsotsi Lombroso uye pfungwa yacho zvisikwa kunge vauya mutsvakurudzi uyu zvokuti nguva hwake.

Kuyerwa nomumwe vatadzi: chiitiko yawana mukushandisa kaniografa

Mumakore 27, Lombroso akava nhengo yakakurumbira kumukira wakarwira rusununguko vanhu vake kubva Austria. Pashure pokuchinja yakaguma kukundwa vapanduki, Lombroso akaramba basa rayo muna chikwata - zvino sezvo chiremba yemauto. Panguva ino, iye zvakare anosika pachake mapurani mudziyo yayo nokuda kuziva matsotsi. Kaniograf, yaishandiswa nokuda mutsvakurudzi kuyera mhuno, chirebvu nehuma vaifungidzirwa kwokudarika siyana, nevatsvakurudzi haana kusiya zuva chete.

Nokufamba kwenguva, akaunganidza zvakawanda mashoko kwakaitika kwaari chisingatarisirwi pfungwa, izvo irimo yose dzidziso Lombroso. The musayendisiti akafunga kuti kana matsotsi vasiri, uye vanozvarwa? Pashure pezvose, maererano musayendisiti, delinquency ndivo "nhaka" womunhu, yaakanga nhaka kubva mhuka.

Pachavo sezvo matsotsi, Lombroso akatenda, inofanira kukurukurwa pfungwa chakakanganisika, kana degenerates - ndicho chikuru nzvimbo, iyo yakavakirwa dzidziso Lombroso. The Mhando matsotsi chinozivikanwa mutsvakurudzi zvokunze mashoko. yevaifungidzirwa All, vane zviso akayera Lombroso akanga zviito akavaita somunhu chinyakare vanhu. Low huma, hombe shaya, pedyo-nameso - Ndivo zviratidzo, maererano Zvakawanikwa nemasayendisiti vanowanzomuitira kutyora mutemo, vanhu.

Pashure nhema detector yakagadzirwa Lombroso

Zvinoonekwa kuratidzwa nezvemiitiro nemutadzi zviito handizvo chete mutsvakurudzi chido. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira mano vakagamuchira kure zvishoma yakakurumbira kupfuura anthropological dzidziso Lombroso. The musayendisiti kwakasimbiswa Aifananidzira yazvino polygraph. Zvadaro, mudziyo uyu akanzi "gidrosfigmometr". With kuvamba ake Lombroso akayera kupomba uye BP pasi kubvunzurudzwa, vachiedza kuwana kubva zvakaitwa nhengo mibvunzo iyi.

Kusiyanisa mhosva kubva vemhosva: wokutanga kuedza pamwe mudziyo

Apo Lombroso akashandisa zano rake kekutanga munguva pokubvunzurudzwa akazviwana ave fungira ari kuba. Paunenge uchibvunzurudzwa pamwe detainee kuverengwa vakanga vasina kumbosiyana zvavaisiita - mutadzi asina chero mhinduro. Paakambokumbirwa pamusoro kubiridzirwa nezvavatorwa mapasipoti, wokutanga nhema detector hwakanyorwa shanduko parameters. Zvakazova pachena kuti interviewee akanga zvechokwadi zvekodzero vanonyengedza ichi.

Anotevera nomuedzo akaratidza kuva fungira kana chibharo. Vezvemitemo vari chivimbo chakazara chokuti ndikavabata, chaizvoizvo, zviri setsika ine pimp. Asi kana munhu dzendege akamuratidza mufananidzo mumwe vawirwa, iyo gidrosfigmometr akaratidza havashanduki ari mutumbi yekuita avatadzira. All nharo Lombroso dzendege chete chokuzunguzira - aidavira kuti interviewee saka bindira nemhosva dzavo kuti kuzvidemba, kufanana nepfungwa kutya, zvisingazivikanwi kwaari.

Ipapo yakakurumbira chiremba wepfungwa zvairatidza fungira kugadzirisa dambudziko masvomhu munhu yakaoma, kuti azive kana ichi ichokwadi. Kana detainee akaona basa, mudziyo pakarepo achiongorora nayo - izvo zvaireva kuti kumutya asi kuzivikanwa. Nokukurumidza dzidziso Lombroso akasimbisa - mberi kuongorora kwakaratidza chaikonzera chaiye, uye fungira vasingazivi sei kugadzirisa zvinetso, rakanga zvakarurama akasunungurwa.

Sezvo Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira mudziyo Cesare ndavhiyiwa kuchinja. Asi piyona munda ichi nhasi anoonekwa kuva Italian kwemhosva. Nhasi, ari polygraph inoshandiswa kwete chete mune vatevedzere mutemo, asiwo makambani makuru akawanda.

Pfungwa shasha Cesare Lombroso

Muna 1863 akaona chiedza akakurumbira bhuku Lombroso kuti vanoda "Genius uye kupenga." Zvakabatsira sehwaro mashoko chigadzirwa inounganidzwa nokuda muongorori paaishanda pane chepfungwa kiriniki. Under kuongororwa Lombroso akatendeukira maitiro murwere, basa ravo, misoro vakasarudza kuti mapikicha avo kana zvakarekodhwa. Masayendisiti ari kuedza kuona kuti unogona kutonga utano hwepfungwa mabasa ake okusika.

Dzidziso Lombroso kuti shasha, iyo yakaumbwa pahwaro ake zvakawanika, rinoti: mano rikava vari nhaka - uye kutamira kubva madzitateguru vakaremara mupfungwa. Mushure Lombroso akaita zvavaifunga, akatanga kutarisa yekusimbisa munhau dzavo. Vatsvakurudzi atanga kudzidza nhoroondo dzeupenyu vanhu nomukurumbira uye vakasvika pakugumisa kuti vakawanda vavo vakanga vasina chete shasha, asi kupenga. Pakati pavo akabatanidza Somuenzaniso, Mozart Vanyori, Beethoven, Gluck.

Dzidziso Lombroso pamusoro shasha saizvozvo kupfeka chete chechetere sezvo neurotic zvaidiwa uye tarenda. Mumwe nharo nyasha yayo Lombroso vakatenda yakawedzera aikanganiswa sezvo pfungwa kurwara, uye shasha. Kusiyana izvi kunyanyisa maviri, maererano musayendisiti - mune vanhu Zvinoitwa kuti nyika yakatipoteredza. Mumwe chiitiko chete kuti shasha kunogona kuva chikungiso kuti buri, ukuwo neurotic - zvinokonzera chirwere chepfungwa.

Anthropological Dzidziso Cesare Lombroso: tarenda vaJudha

The mutsvakurudzi rakawanikwa vakazvimisira dzinonakidza ukama pakati rudzi uye uwandu mano vanhu. Pakutanga kwenhamba zvose geniuses uye neurotics, vaJudha. Lombroso anotsanangura muenzaniso ichi sezvinotevera: vanhu vechiJudha vari kuramba kutambudzwa, saka zvakanga tsvarakadenga utsinye vakasarudzwa. The mutsvakurudzi anotaura zvinotevera nenhamba: vanhu 384 pakati pevaJudha uriko kupenga.

The vamiririri chitendero Catholic, chinhu ichi ndicho kashanu yakaderera. Lombroso zvakare ndakafunga kuti chinhu nemagene kubatwa, kusiyana dzidzo chinhu chinoita kuti shasha. Lombroso kuti zvoutachiona dzidziso rinotsigirwa zvimwe zvikonzero kuti vatungamirire musayendisiti. Somuenzaniso, iye anotaura chokwadi chokuti mhuri nyere nokuda Bach 8 kumarudzi uye 57 vanhu vakanakidzwa kukurumbira mumunda uyu.