Anodyara inofamba. Chii chinosiyanisa kufamba zvinomera nokuda kufamba nemhuka? chirimwa kukura

Pakutanga, nyika zvinomera, sokuti mupfungwa. Asi kana kuchengetwa unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti ichi hachisi chokwadi. anodyara inofamba zvinoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Vanokura, uye izvi zvinoratidza kuti vaite zvimwe motokari kukura. Kana waisa mbeu muvhu bhinzi, pasi akanaka ezvinhu, rwunotanga itange kukura proburavlivaya ivhu, rinounza kuchiedza cotyledons maviri. Achifuridzirwa kupisa uye chiedza vanotanga kutendeuka girini uye kwira. Mwedzi miviri gare gare kuoneka chirimwa muchero.

Plant kukura zvazvingava

Kuchengeta sangano, zvinokwanisika kubata rinokosha vhidhiyo. Somugumisiro chiitiko pazuva inogona kuchengetwa kwenguva masekonzi mashoma. Growth wakakurumidza ari kufamba zvinomera kakawanda pamberi utachiona kuti nzira yavo kuburikidza ivhu, kutumbuka pamusoro muti namabukira kuzvimba uye ruva nemaruva. Chaizvoizvo, yemishenjere inokura nokukurumidza chaizvo - ne 0,6 mm paminiti. Kunyange kukura zvikuru zvazvingava vamwe miviri chibereko notumwe. Diktiofor kuwedzera kukura nokuda 5 mm mune miniti chete. Vane chikuru mufambo pamusoro ezasi zvinomera - ndiko algae, uye hunokuvadza. Somuenzaniso, chlamydomonas (algae) inokurumidza zvinofamba Uchishandisa flagella muna akwariyamu uri sunlit necheseri. Uyewo akatamira zoospores zhinji, iyo inoshandiswa maberekero (algae uye hunokuvadza). Asi shure zvikuru kunzwisisa miti. Flowering kuita kufamba siyana izvo chokuita kukura kwacho. Ivo vane mhando mbiri - a tropism uye flooring.

tropism

Tropism anonzi imwe-nzira mhando inofamba, izvo sei chero kunovhiringidza zvinhu: chiedza, mishonga, simba regiravhiti. Kana akaisa pamusoro pahwindo mizambiringa yakabva kumwe zviyo bhari kana oats, kwapera nguva, vose vatendeuke panzira. kufamba kwakadaro zvinomera kuti chiedza inonzi phototropism. Saka Plants unyatsoshandisa rezuva simba.

Nokuti vakawanda mubvunzo unomuka: nei hunde iri yakadzurwa, uye mudzi inokura pasi? Mienzaniso yakadaro kuti chirimwa sangano rinonzi geotropism. Panyaya iyi, iyo hunde uye midzi dzakasiyana kubvuma simba regiravhiti. Movement chinotungamirwa kwakasiyana-siyana. Hunde kunosvika kumusoro ari pakatarisana akananga simba regiravhiti - akaipa geotropism. Zvakasiyana haazvibati mudzi, inokura nenzira regiravhiti kufamba - iyi yakanaka geotropism. tropisms All vari rakakamurwa akanaka uye kunaka.

Somuenzaniso, muna mukume tsanga imere mukume chubhu. On muti mhando kukura kwayo ndiko zvakananga uye anosvika ovule, inonzi yakanaka hemotropizm. Kana mukume zviyo vakanotora ruva kuti mhando, mutopota akatsunga panguva kukura, hazvina kukura kururamiswa, ichi zvinoita kuti pakusangana ari zai. Zvinova pachena kuti yoga nomutswi zvinhu pamusoro zvirimwa rwaro chikonzero hemotropizm akanaka pamusoro mutorwa mhando - kunaka.

dzekuvhura Darwin

Zvino zviri pachena kuti tropisms basa rinokosha iri kufamba zvinomera. Wokutanga kudzidza zvikonzero kuti anokonzera tropism, vakatanga mukuru wokuEngland Charles Darwin. Kwavari, akanga akawanikwa kuti kutsamwa ari panoonekwa pfungwa yokukura, ukuwo vanobwembura - dzapasi munzvimbo foni elongation. Scientific akataura kuti kukura kunoitika panguva fuma kuyerera mutandavadze vematunhu, pane anowanikwa vanobwembura. vakararama Darwin havana kunzwisisa uye havana kubvuma kuti yake itsva pfungwa. Chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, masayendisiti experimentally kuratidza yakarurama hwomukova. It Vakawana kuti kukura cône (ari hunde uye mudzi) anoumba hormone IAA, zvimwe - beta-indoleacetic makemikari acid. Lighting kunokanganisa kugovera fuma iyi. Pazuva unyengeri divi IAA zvishoma kwezuva - zvakawanda. Kemikari ukurumidze muviri uye saka kudivi mumvuri ruchigona kufonyora kurutivi chiedza.

aizomupa

Kuzivana nevamwe zviri kufamba zvinomera, rinonzi aizomupa. kufamba aya chokuita diffuse matambudziko zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Flooring, akavapindurawo, anogona kuva akanaka kana akaipa.

Dandelion Inflorescence (tswanda) kutaurwa chinopenya chiedza uye mumadekwana, muchiedza akaipa - akavharwa. Izvi zvinonzi fotonastiey. At zvemiti inonhuhwirira fodya kunopesana: maruva pamwe vasanyanye chiedza kutanga kuitika. Pano pane anooneka akaipa maonero fotonastii.

Akaroromesawo mhepo tembiricha maruva nesafironi dzakavharika - kuratidzwa termonastii. Aizomupa kumboda zvakare gogonera. With kukura simba chokumusoro mativi petals Munotadzanura, uye kana simba zvikuru vane kudzika - ruva kuvhara.

contractile mufambo

Mune dzimwe mhando, kufamba chirimwa zvikamu zviri kupfuura kukura. Somuenzaniso, oxalis kana Nokunyara Mimosa inomuka contractile inofamba.

Shy Mimosa rinokura kuIndia. It pakarepo anowedzera mashizha kana mwoyo izvozvo. In masango edu ari kukura oxalis, uyewo vanouti orpin. Kare muna 1871, Purofesa Batalin akacherechedza zvinoshamisa ehupfumi kuti chirimwa ichi. Rimwe zuva, achidzoka kubva musango anofamba, masayendisiti vakaunganidza boka oxalis. Kana kuzunungusa pamusoro cobblestones (akanga akatasva ari mberi), zvinomera vakava mashizha. Naizvozvo purofesa akafarirawo Fani iyi uye akawana pfuma itsva pasi pokudzora mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira anosiya chirimwa inowedzera.

Evening oxalis Mashizha kuwedzera kumusoro, uye mune ramakore ekunze kuti nokukurumidza. In simba chezuva pane imwe zvakaitwa, asi Kuziviswa mashizha iyoyo ichadzorerwa munenge 40-50 maminitsi.

mufambo mashandiro

Saka sei oxalis mashizha uye Mimosa kunyara kuita contractile sangano? mashandiro iri chokuita contractile mapuroteni, kunouya kushanda panguva bundu. Tiine rutapudzo mapuroteni zvaparadzwa simba zvakapararira munzvimbo nedanho afemeruke. It rinoungana iri chirimwa muchimiro ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Panguva dzishande ATP uchiora, urwa kukurukura contractile mapuroteni yakabudiswa simba iri ATP. Somugumisiro, muitiro mashizha vakawedzera. Chete papera nguva zvakare ATP aumbwa, hwakabatana pamwe kufema kwacho. Uye chete ipapo mashizha anogona kamwe zvakare rakashama.

Takazoziva kuti kufamba kuti chirimwa (Mimosa nehuni zvakarungwa), kupindura irritants. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti rutapudzo kunoitika kwete chete nokuchinja zvakatipoteredza, uye izvi imhaka munyika zvinhu (muitiro kufema). Oxalis shizha matanga pashure kwasviba, asi rwunotanga yokuzvizivisa kwete kunobuda zuva uye pousiku, kana masero kuunganidza munhu zvakakwana huwandu ATP uye reconnects kuti contractile mapurotini.

Features

The pamusoro muna Muenzaniso miti kufamba ine maitiro ayo. Kuongorora oxalis zvakasikwa kwakaunza zvimwe zvinoshamisa. Mune kundoongororwa ane gobvu zvinomera zvipenyu ichi, apo vose Mashizha zvinomera zviri pachena, akasvika zviitiko Akanyatsovharwa mashizha. Somugumisiro, zvirimwa izvi anotumbuka panguva ino (kunyange maruva yezhizha zviri mhando shata). Kana maruva oxalis inopedzera zvakawanda zvokuvakisa paumbwe maruva, nokuti Kuziviswa mashizha iye chete asina zvakakwana simba.

Kana tikaenzanisa mhuka uye zvinomera, zvinokosha kuziva kuti contractile sangano ivo chokuita chete zvikonzero. Pane yakafanana paakasangana tide, muchiitiko ichi pane Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa nguva kuzvinetsa. At oxalis zviri 0.1 seconds. At Mimosa panguva kwenguva refu kurudziro iri 0,14 seconds.

Maonerwo Akaitwa kubatwa

Tichitarisa kufamba zvinomera, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane zviitiko kuti vanokwanisa kuchinja voltage pamusoro nyama kana iwe kuvabata. All anozivikanwa squirting wemagaka vari akura ezvinhu panguva dzishande anokwanisa mate kubuda mbeu. Makakatanwa mukati pericarp munyama noruvara kunowedzera kurasikirwa nemvura kana kumanikidza, uye michero pakarepo kuratidzwa. A yakafanana mufananidzo hunobuda, uye panguva Kumubata Impatiens zvinomera. Zvinogoneka kuti chipo zvikuru nesimba kwete kukura, uye contractile kufamba, asi vachiri nemasayendisiti.

General kupatsanura zvirimwa masangano

Movement zvirimwa masayendisiti vakawanda dzinoiswa sezvinotevera:

• Movement kuti cytoplasm uye organelles - intracellular kufamba.
• Locomotor kufamba masero tichishandisa chinokosha flagella.
• Growth kwakavakirwa ndichisveerera sero kukura - ichi inosanganisira elongation yemidzi, mabukira, axial zvomukati, shizha kukura.
• Kukura mudzi vhudzi, mukume sepombi, chikwindi protonema, kureva apical kukura.
• Stomatal kufamba - turgid iyezvino kufamba.

Locomotor kufamba uye cytoplasmic sangano kuri zvose chirimwa uye mhuka masero. Mamwe ndezvaJehovha chete kuti zvirimwa.

mhuka mufambo

Basic fambisa miti takurukura. Sezvo mhuka kufamba uye chii musiyano zvinozarurwa azvaiitwa kwemhuka uye zvinomera?

Chero mhando mhuka dzine kugona kutamira muchadenga, mukusiyana kuti zvirimwa. Izvi zvikurukuru novimba kwezvakatipoteredza. The zvinenge vanokwanisa kufamba pasi pasi penyika, nemvura, mudenga uye zvichingodaro. Vakawanda kukwanisa kuenda zvikuru zvakafanana munhu. Zvose zvinoenderana siyana zvinoita on: skeletal mamiriro, pamberi maoko nemakumbo, avo zvitarisiko, uye zvakawanda. Kufamba mhuka rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda, chikuru ndedzinotevera:

• Amebic. sangano maitiro akadai amoeba - yakafanana zvipenyu. Muviri unicellular zvipenyu, zviri nechido prolegs - chaiwo outgrowths.
• The nyore. Saizvozvowo amoebic kufamba. Protists vari akurudzirwa rotational, vibrational, undulations akapoteredza mutumbi wavo.
• Reactive. Izvi mhando kufamba zvakare dzinoratidzwa nyore zvinenge. Panyaya iyi, kufambira mberi kuri nokuda kwebhuku madzihwa chaiyo anomhanyira muviri.
• Muscular. The kupfuura akakwana mhando kufamba, ndiro yaingowanikwa zvose zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira murume - soro chisikwa hwezvisikwa.

Chii chinosiyanisa kufamba zvinomera nokuda kufamba yemhuka

mhuka neimwe iri kwayo kufamba anorarama chinangwa - vatsvake zvokudya, kuchinja nzvimbo, kudzivirirwa pakurwisa, kubereka, uye zvakawanda. The chikuru pfuma chero kufamba - kufamba muviri wose yose. Nemamwe mashoko, mhuka ichifamba chose kumativi muviri. Ndiyo mhinduro huru kuti mubvunzo pamusoro chii dzakasiyana kufamba zvinomera kubudikidza fambisa nemhuka.

Ruzhinji miti wanamatira kuvapo. The midzi - anodiwa chikamu ichi, zvinonzi ndee pane imwe nzvimbo. Kana chirimwa anosiiwa pamudzi, zvichava nyore kuti vakarasika. Kutama vakazvimiririra vari muchadenga, zvirimwa haagoni.

Zvirimwa zvakawanda kuita chero contractile kufamba, sezvo detailed kare. Vanokwanisa kuvhura petals, anosiya peta panguva dzishande, uye kunyange kubata nezvipembenene (Flycatcher). Asi kufamba izvi zvose kutora nzvimbo imwe nzvimbo, apo chirimwa ichi chinokura.

zvakawanikwa

Movement zvinomera munzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana kubva kufamba zvemhuka, asi zvakadaro havana zviripo. Plant kukura - munhu kutarisana nokusimbisa ichi. Huru misiyano pakati pavo ndiye zvinotevera:

• Chirimwa iri panzvimbo imwe, kakawanda mudzi. Chero mhando mhuka vanokwanisa kufamba mune nzvimbo nenzira dzakasiyana.
• In kufamba kwavo mhuka dzose vane chinangwa chaicho.
• Animal zvinofamba kumativi seboka. Chirimwa anokwanisa kufamba mumwe nhengo dzayo.

Movement - ndiwo upenyu, isu tose tinoziva shoko iri. All zvipenyu panyika pano vanokwanisa kufamba, ngakurege kunyange ane kusiyana.