Andrei Vezaliy uye mupiro wake pakurapa

Andrey Vezaly - muvambi yakaitwa nesayenzi. bhuku rake guru De humini corporus Fabrica, yakavambwa muna 1543, akava wokutanga zvakazara mifananidzo anatomi dzemuviri. Zvakange inobva zvaanorumbidza masayendisiti, akanga aita pamukova, uye akaramba zviuru zvizhinji makore zvikanganiso munzvimbo iyi unyanzvi. Andrey Vezaly - nyanzvi pakati Renaissance. Akanga purofesa yakaitwa paUniversity Padua uye chiremba Mutsvene Roman Emperor Charles V.

Andrey Vezaly: pfupi Biography

Vesalius akaberekwa musi 31 December 1514 muna kweBrussels. Panguva iyoyo, guta raiva chikamu Hutsvene hweRoma. Nhasi ndiro guta guru Belgium. Andrew aiva mumwe vana - aiva hama mbiri uye imwe hanzvadzi. baba vake, Anders Van Wesel, aiva mudare wezvinonhuhwira muna Margaret Austria. Amai, Isabel Crabbe, kurera vana muimba rakapfuma, riri rimwe vanoremekedzwa munharaunda pedyo yamambo Koudenberg, kwaaishanda ari mukomana baba.

Vesalius akaenda kuchikoro kwemakore matanhatu. Zvichida, raiva chikoro wechechi Fraternity muna kweBrussels. 9 Makore akanga Inoziva svomhu, Latin nemimwe mitauro, uyewo kwazvo kudzidza misimboti chitendero Catholic. baba vake kazhinji vasipo pabasa. Uye mukomana, akakurudzirwa namai vake kutora tsoka papa wacho, vabatsirwe zvizere yetsime-rine raibhurari yemhuri.

koreji

Ndava nemakore 15, Andrey Vezaly akaenda University of Louvain. Raiva 30 makiromita kumabvazuva kweBrussels. Yaiva nguva kudada mhuri: baba vake airambidzwa kuwana dzidzo yepamusorosoro, sezvo akanga asina kuberekwa ari muwanano. Saka, rakaitwa Vesalius akadzidza unyanzvi uye chiLatin. Iyewo nyanzvi yechiHebheru nechiGiriki. Pashure kuwana Tenzi Arts muna 1532, akanga akabvuma kuchikoro repamusoro vanachiremba paUniversity muParis.

Paris Medical School

Andrey Vezaly akatanga zvidzidzo ake vezvokurapa muna 1533, aine makore 19. Great rokuchinja basa matarenda vadzidzi vane yekare chiremba wechiGiriki Klavdiya Galena, rakanyorwa asati asangana navo makore 1300. Dzidziso idzi dzainzi kwakakwana uye akakwana chokwadi. Vazhinji anatomical zvaanorumbidza pakati Galen vakaitwa pamukova mhuka, kunyanya primates, sezvo zvakanga asingatenderwi panguva iyoyo dissect vanhu.

Andrey Vezaly somunhu anatomist chikwereti zvakawanda ake mudzidzisi yakaitwa Guinteru Johann of Andernach, uyo akashandura echiGiriki magwaro ekare yechiLatin Galen. Kufanana nachiremba Greek yekare, aiona pachake ruzivo uye akataura nzira yakanakisisa kuwana anatomical ruzivo. Most autopsies hwevanhu apo inoitwa kuvinga chinangwa vadzidzi kuti zvose zvakanyorwa Galen uye Hippocrates vimbisa chaiva chokwadi.

Panguva randinenge nemuenzaniso zvomuurayi kana chiremba kuti zvakafanira maronda uye mudzidzisi, agere kumusoro muviri, ndakaverenga kubva kuMudzidzisi ndima yekare anoshanda zvinonzwika. Assistant kunotibatsira vadzidzi, achinongedza mitumbi zvakurukurwa. Sezvo magwaro ekare zvarisingagoni chero zvikanganiso, vadzidzi vaisabvumirwa kubvunza mibvunzo kana kurukurai kwetsinga. Academic kusawirirana kazhinji nechokuita yakarurama shanduro mabasa ekare, kwete anatomi.

Guinter Von Andernach aiva isingawanzowanikwi mhando mudzidzisi mumazuva iwayo. Akabvumira vadzidzi vake kuti dissect pachake. Kunyange zvazvo tsika iyi kunoshorwa kumayunivhesiti akawanda. Kazhinji, yakatakura kunze kuvhuya chitunha kubva akaurayiwa vemhosva, uye zvaionekwa kunonyadzisa vanhu vakadzidza kukurira uzvidzwe specimens izvi.

Matarenda Vesalius Guintera mwoyo zvokuti akamukumbira kuti abatsire aine bhuku iri yakaitwa galenovo Institutiones anatomicae. Basa yakabudiswa muna 1536. It Guinter akarumbidza mudzidzi wake-makore 21: "Izvi ndizvo aizobudirira jaya ane kunoshamisa ruzivo rwokurapa, achinyatsogona chiRatini uye nechiGiriki uye ari chaizvo paaiva anatomi."

Louvain Medical School

Andrey Vezaly akamanikidzwa kusiya Paris muna 1536, sezvo pakati France uye Umambo Hutsvene hweRoma, hondo yakatanga. akadzokera University of Louvain kupedza zvidzidzo zvake zvokurapa. ruzivo ake kuripo nokukurumidza kuzivikanwa. Nokukurumidza Vesalius akarairwa kuchengeta uye vataure kuvhuya chitunha, akafa pakarepo-makore 18 noblewoman. Anatomy vakadzi vaduku panguva yakanga husiri nyore kuwana. Vesalius akanga achigumburwa nokuda chiremba wacho rushoma uye akatora pamusoro kuvhuya chitunha.

Pasinei chenjera kuziva kwavo kukura ruzivo, iye achiri haana kufara nezivo yake yakaitwa nevanhu. Vesalius akaziva kuti magwaro kupfuura chinhu hazvizovi kukwanisa kudzidzisa. Zvino, Andrew aifanira nokuputsa zvipingamupinyi kuti ruzivo yakaitwa tsaru purofesa mushonga, vakanga vachifara kunamata Galen uye Hippocrates. Nokuti tsvakurudzo aida dzemuviri.

Nokukurumidza pashure pokunge adzokera Louvain Andrey Vezaly uye shamwari yake akawana anenge mutumbi wakakwana ane vaurayiwa tsotsi, akasiya pachena. Nechipiriso mukana yakanga yakanyanya kunaka kuti ngazviitwe chinyararire. Usiku ihwohwo Vesalius snuck kune muviri, kubiwa uye dissected nayo, zvichiita kuti marangwanda, iro zvino kushandiswa senzira chinooneka. Kuti vanhu vasanyumwa, akauya aine nyaya wakamudzosa kubva Paris. Kuburikidza Kuratidzwa kuvhuya chitunha vadzidzi, Vesalius muna Louvain akava of facto kurongwa zvebudiriro kuripo. Muna 1537, pazera remakore 22, akapiwa tsvimborume kuti dhigirii zvokurapa.

Andrey Vezaly: a Biography of musayendisiti

Mukomana medic aida kuva chiremba. Kuti aite izvi, aifanira kuwana runodiwa zvinodiwa. Kuti zvidaro, iye ndanyoresa paUniversity of Padua kuchamhembe kweItaly. Mapurofesa akakurumidza kuona kuti Vesalius aiva asina mudzidzi. Pakarepo, ivo akamutendera zvakaitika kunyora bvunzo yokupedzisira. A chipo jaya panguva chaiyo yaro maviri namatatu rokuzvarwa vakagamuchira doctorate ake. Vadzidzisi pakarepo akamusarudza kuti ave purofesa yakaitwa uye kuvhiyiwa.

Andrey Vezaly yayo huru mabasa achanyora Padua. Ainyatsoziva kuti kudiwa Graphics uye zvinooneka kuti aigona kubatsira vadzidzi kunzwisisa anatomi. Vesalius akavashandisa panguva kuvhuya chitunha. Mugore professorship yake yokutanga, muna 1538-m, akabudisa Tabulae anatomicae pabonde -. «Anatomical matafura nhanhatu" mifananidzo Visual vari achiperekedzwa manotsi kuti zvinoitwa panguva yake yokutanga voruzhinji buri Padua Andrey Vezaly. Mupiro kuna anatomi ari musayendisiti hazvirambiki. Zvakanga diagrammatic maonero chiropa, arterial uye venous ezvinhu, uye marangwanda. Bhuku pakarepo akava akakurumbira zvikuru. It vasinganyari kutevedzerwa.

Muna 1539, zvidzidzo anatomical Vesalius vakanga rinotsigirwa vatongi Padua. Akava kufarira basa masayendisiti uye vakatanga kupa naye mitumbi akaurayiwa matsotsi kuti kwetsinga. Panguva ino, Vesalius akava pachena kuti anatomi pamusoro Galen akanga kururama. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvinogona zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba pfungwa - zvakaoma uye dzimwe nguva hune ngozi. Kunyange munguva pfupi yapfuura kazhinji, pfungwa itsva aifanira kurwira kodzero wayo zvivepo, kunyange kana vari anotsigirwa zvakasimba uchapupu. Vesalius aifanirawo kuramba chechiJudha maonero nezvaiva kwemakore 1,300.

In "matanhatu anatomical pamatafura" panzvimbo kurondedzera zvezvavakacherechedza mukufamba pakutsvakurudza ano, musayendisiti vakaenda tsika zvichemo. Andrey Vezaly nechipiriso chiropa ari Ages chimiro - ari muchimiro quintuple ruva. Iye wairatidza mwoyo uye yeropa sezvinotaurwa Galen navo - ndivo mitumbi tsoko, kwete vanhu. Zvisinei, muna marangwanda akakwanisa kubereka echimurenga, kunyange zvazvo kuchinja dzisinganyatsooneki. Vezaliy akaratidza shaya dzevanhu, zvinosanganisira mumwe, mapfupa pane vaviri sezvo vaiti Galen nepasipo.

Tsamba iri ropa riyerere

Uyewo, Mini-rokumukira Vesalius akatora mugove gakava pamusoro venostomy kana ropa riyerere. nzira iyi kwava kushandiswa kurapa kana kuderedza zviratidzo varwere. Doctors nharo kuti apo incision tsinga - pedyo nzvimbo yokukuvadzwa kana kure naye. The Gakava kwakamuka nekuti vanachiremba vane akavimba shanduro Arabic mabasa Galen - mabasa ake chepakutanga muchiGiriki dzakanga dzisipo Europe kubva munguva yevaRoma. Zvisinei, kuwa Constantinople vakachinja zvinhu. Uye zvakare basa Galen anogona kudzidzwa chepakutanga. Vanachiremba vakaona kuti echiGiriki dzimwe nguva asatenderwe kushandura Arabic, zvavakanga vakanakidzwa kwenguva refu kudai.

Muna 1539, ndava nemakore 24, Vesalius akanyora tsamba ropa riyerere. Kwete kuita kudivi ripi echimurenga kuchinja, iye zvakare yakatyora kazhinji kugamuchirwa tsika, kutaura kwavo zvaanorumbidza pane mashoko chaiwo magwaro. zvino Vesalius akatsunga kutsvaka chokwadi pamusoro dzavo, pane kuvimba basa nevamwe.

The chidzoke munhu anatomi itsva

Muna 1540, ndava nemakore 25, Andrey Vezaly akatanga kushanda ine mifananidzo bhuku anatomi De humini corporus Fabrica ( «On nemamiriro womunhu muviri"). Bhuku iri raiva basa rake chinokosha. Muna 1543-M Vesalius akatora rimwe sabata paUniversity pamusoro Padua. Akaenda kuna muBasel, Switzerland, kupedza gadziriro bhuku racho.

"On nemamiriro womunhu muviri" raiva anoyevedza basa Vhoriyamu mapeji 700 muna manomwe eThe. Its chinooneka Impact - anopfuura 270 mifananidzo zvinofadza - raiva hombe. Murugwaro wechipiri, semuenzaniso, vakaisawo zvinoshamisa zvakawanda mifananidzo vanhu munhevedzano mifananidzo inoratidza zvakaturikidzaniswa-ne-rukoko tsandanyama nemamiriro muviri. Izvi inofananidza pamwe kuva kupfuura akakurumbira munhoroondo zvokurapa mifananidzo.

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha bhuku, rakanyorwa Andrey Vezaly. Mupiro mushonga kwakanga kwazvo. Mukuwedzera, chigadzirwa chinhu chinokosha chinokosha munhoroondo art. Zvinosuruvarisa zita yokudhirowa, uyo akashanda musayendisiti, yakaramba isingazivikanwi. The mifananidzo achiperekedzwa kutsanagura tsandanyama.

Hazvishamisi kuti, akapiwa pfuma mifananidzo uye vhoriyamu guru, bhuku aiva kutengwa zvinodhura. Zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kuti vanachiremba, mumaraibhurari uye vairemekedzwa. Achiziva kuti vamwe vangafarira basa rake, munyori yakabudiswa mumitauro miviri inoshanda, nyore bhuku vanodhirowa mashoma anonzi muenzaniso. Andrey Vezaly mu "muenzaniso" mifananidzo inoshandiswa zvizhinji munhurume miviri kupfuura vakadzi, zvimwe nokuti hono akaurayiwa matsotsi akakura zvikuru kupfuura mukadzi.

Fabrica akava muvambi ano nesayenzi yakaitwa nevanhu. It kusarudza akamedura pamwe Galen uye Hippocrates. Andrey Vezaly kuvhura dzayo zvakavakirwa chete pane chii chaizvoizvo kuonekwa panguva kuvhuya chitunha, uye kwete zvinotarisirwa. Heano mamwe mashoko ake:

• Mujinga moyo vasina mapfupa. tsananguro yake Galen chaizvoizvo rinoreva shwashwa mujinga mwoyo yenondo uye dzimwe mhuka, iyo Rakasimbisa nemhuka kuchembera.
• The sternum inoumbwa matatu panzvimbo nomwe zvikamu zvaizoshamisa Galen, yakavakirwa kuvhuya chitunha tsoko.
• The septum kwomwoyo hakusi porous. Mariri hakuna maburi.
• Vena Vienna hunotangira mumwoyo uye kwete chiropa sezvo aizviti Galen.
• Hakuna muviri zvakadai rete mirabile - «inoshamisa plexus" dzakawanda arteries, izvo zvichipomerwa akatungamirira kubva pamoyo kuuropi.
• Varume nevakadzi vane wakaenzana nhamba mbabvu. The vamiririri akasimba pabonde haasi asipo mbabvu, sezvo akanga nevakawanda.
• Varume nevakadzi zvakafanana nhamba kwemeno. Galen Pakataurwawo kuti aimbova vanonyanyova.

vaverengi vazhinji bhuku akasangana chokwadi. Zvazova panotaurwa iri zvakakomba anatomists uye n'anga. Zvisinei, vamwe vanachiremba uye masayendisiti vakanzwa pangozi nekuti vakavaka mabasa avo basa Galen, uye Vesalius akarwisa.

Somuenzaniso, Yakob Silvy, uyo akadzidzisa Andrew muParis, akarondedzera aimbova mudzidzi wake sezvo vanozvikudza uye vasingazivi calumniator uyo nokunyengera akarwisa mudzidzisi wake hwehasha nhema, kakawanda kukanganisa chokwadi hwezvisikwa. Vachiti izvi, ave saka achitsiviwa mudzidzi wake, uyo akanga amboti kuti madzidzisiro Sylvia, ndeyokuongorora zvitunha katsi nembwa pachinzvimbo vanhu vasiri kukwanisa kutungamirira mberi sayenzi yakaitwa nevanhu.

Andrey Vezaly 'On nemamiriro womunhu muviri "vakazvitsaurira kuna Kesari Charles V. Akamupawo mashoko orunyoro rinokosha rakadhindwa pachishandiswa dehwe. A ndiye Vesalius wakayeriswa mwanakomana Charles - Prince Philip.

chiremba dare

Apo mambo akaona bhuku, ane munyori akanga Andrey Vezaly, ari Biography ari musayendisiti akaita mumwe ngaadudzire - akagadzwa chiremba dzemhuri youmambo. Akasiya sezvo purofesa Padua, achiva yechishanu hwedzinza mumiriri Vesalius, uyo akanga ari basa dare. Sezvo chiremba-chiremba, aifanira kushanda muchiuto. Kana hondo yakatanga, Vesalius akatumwa yekurwira somuvhiyi. Vakajaira kushanda zvitunha Akatambura kugadzirisa varwere mupenyu. An ruzivo chiremba Daza Chacon akamubatsira kudzidza nokukurumidza kuita chinhu kudimurwa.

Winter 1543 Vesalius akauya kuItaly kuita iri nokupatsanura mukamuri, uye ipapo muchirimo 1544 wekutanga vadzokera muchiuto. Akava shasha chiremba. Rimwe remabasa dare Vesalius akaomeswa zvitunha wavakakudzwa vakapfuma, uyo akafa muhondo. Izvi akamutendera kuti mimwe anatomical tsvakurudzo, manotsi uye kuti zvinoonekwa.

Pakati 1544 kwave wakarondedzera nyika. Uye Andrey Vezaly, chiremba, akadzoka vatarisire mambo uye dare rake vasununguka ezvinhu. mukurumbira wake yakaramba ichikura sezvaakaita kugamuchira tsamba kubva vanachiremba muEurope kupa zano iri dzainge dzakaoma.

Muna 1556, Mambo Charles V mumaoko simba mwanakomana wake Firipi. Kutenda, Vesalius, uyo akashandura makore 41 okuberekwa, nokuti basa rake akatendeka, Charles akamupa hwose mudyandigere uye revatongi musoro Count-Palatine. Court chiremba akaramba kushanda, ikozvino mubasa Philip.

outorwa

Andrey Vezaly akaperekedza Firipi muMadrid, asi ipapo haana kunakidzwa noupenyu. vanachiremba Spanish kurapa chirwere, kuvimba inofamba pakati mapuraneti. Kwetsinga miviri yevanhu zvairambidzwa. Zvose zvaiita nani shure. Uyezve, Philip aifarira zvetsika marapirwo, kwete yemazuva ano yezvesayenzi. Vesalius akava pachena kuti haazokwanisi kuve chiremba mukuru mutongi.

Muna 1561, mumwe muzvinadzidzo yakaitwa Gabriele Fallopian, uyo akabata aimbova nzvimbo Andrew muna University of Padua, akamutumira gwaro bhuku iye wakanyora rinonzi Observationes Anatomicae. Mairi akati: "On nemamiriro womunhu muviri", mumwe zvigunwe ushamwari dzimwe kusiyana basa Vesalius uye yake akazotevera zvaanorumbidza. Naiyewo akajekesa kuti kurwara.

Muna 1564 Fallopian akafa. Department yakaitwa muna Padua akava munhu. Mugore iroro Vesalius akasiya Spain, akaenda parwendo outorwa kuJerusarema. Various hwakawanda huripo mabhuku vanoti kuti akanga atumwa Firipi kuti outorwa sechiratidzo chokupfidza. The Emperor dzaizviti akaita chisarudzo ichi mushure anokudzwa mhuri akaudzwa panguva anatomi ane echimurenga mu neSpanish dare rechechi kuvhuya chitunha ivo jinda mwoyo richiri kurova.

Mishumo zvose izvi dzinobva rimwe tsime - tsamba, zvichipomerwa yakanyorwa 1565 ne Hubert Wenyika splints. Kunenge kuti kunge akagadzira mumakore 50 pashure pokufa anatomist. Andrey Vezaly, ane Biography haisi kusvibiswa zvinhu zvakadaro (zvinyorwa chikuru achisimbisa zvaaipomerwa, hapana), pamwe akaenda wemanomano aine outorwa kusiya Firipi dare akasununguka muna Spain, uye ipapo kudzokera Padua.

upenyu Personal uye rufu

Muna 1544 Vesalius akaroora mwanasikana gurukota vapfumi kweBrussels - Anne Van Hamme. Vaiva mwana mumwe, mumwe musikana, uyo akaberekwa muna 1545. Vabereki ainzi Anna wake. Mhuri vaigara pamwe chete nguva. Asi kana Vesalius rwendo outorwa yake kuJerusarema, mudzimai wake uye mwanasikana vakadzokera kweBrussels.

The musayendisiti paakasvika kuJerusarema, kwaakanga akokwa tsamba cheya yakaitwa uye kuvhiyiwa paUniversity Padua. Zvinosuruvarisa Andrey Vezaly, pfupi Biography iyo zvinosuruvarisa yakakanganiswa, haana kudzokera Padua. Ake rwendo kubva Jerusarema hwakakanganiswa semadutu chisimba. Pakazosvika nguva ngarava yacho yakasvika chiteshi pachitsuwa Zakynthos Greek, Vesalius akanga nepaaigona achirwara. Akafa mazuva mashomanana gare gare. Andrey Vezaly, muvambi yakaitwa zvesayenzi, ndiye akafa makore 49. Zvino October 15, 1564. Akavigwa Zakynthos.