Archimedes simba

Ngatitangei kuedza kwakajeka: tora bhora rakanyanyisa rakaputika uye "risa" mumvura. Kana kudzika kwekunyudzwa kunosvika mamita maviri, saka zviri nyore kuona kuti ivhu rayo richaderera, i.e. Kubva kumativi ose bhora rakasimbiswa neimwe simba. Inowanzotaurwa kuti hydrostatic pressure "ane mhosva" pano - chimiro chechimiro chemauto anoshandisa immobile fluids pamuviri wakabhabhatidzwa. Simba rinokonzera muviri rinoshanda pamuviri kubva kumativi ose, uye izvo zvinoguma, zvinonzi seArmomedian force, zvinonziwo simba rekunyengera, rinoenderana nekutungamirirwa kwechiito pamuviri wakanyudzwa mumvura.

Archimedes akazarura mutemo wake zvinyorwa zvese, uye chikonzero chake chokururamisira chakamirira makore anoda kusvika 2000 Pascal asati awana mutemo we hydrostatics nokuda kwekugadzirisa mvura. Maererano nemutemo uyu, kupikisa kunopfurikidza kuburikidza nemvura iri mumativi ose, pasinei nenharaunda yainoita, pane dzose ndege dzinoisa mvura yacho, uye kukosha kwayo P inofananidzwa nepamusoro S uye inotungamirirwa pamwe chete nayo. Pascal akawana uye akaedza mutemo uyu pamusoro pezvakaitika muna 1653. Maererano naye, hydrostatic zvinodzvinyirira pamativi ose kubva mumuviri wakanyudzwa mumvura.

Ngatimbofungidzira kuti muviri uri mufananidzo weka cube ine muganhu L kusvika pakadzika H unobhabhatidzwa mumudziyo nemvura, kure nemvura kusvika kumusoro. Mucheto wakadzika uri pakadzika kweH + L. Iyo vector ye simba F1 inobata kumusoro wepamusoro inotungamirirwa pasi uye F1 = r * g * H * S, uko r kuwanda kwemvura, g ndiko kukurumidza nemhaka yemhepo.

Iyo vector ye simba F2 inobata ndege iri pasi inotungamirirwa kumusoro, uye kukosha kwayo kunotsanangurwa nemashoko F2 = r * g * (H + L) * S.

Mavhenekeri emasimba anoshandiswa pamativi ekumativi anowirirana, uye naizvozvo haana kubviswa pakufungisisa mune ramangwana. Simba reArmedmedean iri F2> F1 uye rinotungamirirwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro, uye rinoshandiswa kumucheto wezasi we cube. Tinotsanangura kukosha kwayo F:

F = F2 - F1 = r * g * (H + L) * S - r * g * H * S = r * g * L * S

Cherechedza kuti L * S ibhuku reCube V, uye sezvo r * g = p inorema yeyuniti yemvura, Archimedean simba musarudzo inogadzira uremu hwehuwandu hwechidimbu hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwecube, i.e. Izvi zvinongova uremu hwemvura inoputika nemuviri. Zvinonakidza kutaura kuti mutemo weArchimedes unongobvira chete kune mamiriro ekuvhenekera aripo - pasi pekushaya simba kwemurairo mutemo haushandi. Pakupedzisira, murairo weAppermedes 'mutemo une fomu inotevera:

F = p * V, apo p ndiyo yakajeka yemvura.

Archimedean simba rinogona kushanda senheyo yekuongorora kuchena kwemitumbi. Mamiriro ekugadziriswa ndiwo muyero wehuremu hwemuviri wemuviri wePm uye uremu hwemvura Pg nehuwandu hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwechikamu chemuviri. Kana Рт = Рж, ipapo muviri unofamba mukati memvura, uye kana Рт> Рж, zvino muviri unonyura. Kana zvisina kudaro, muviri unotanga kusvika simba rekuvhenekera rakaenzana nekurema kwemvura yakasimudzwa kunze kwechikamu chinenge chakanyoroveswa chemuviri.

Mutemo weArchimedes uye kushandiswa kwahwo une nhoroondo yakareba mu teknolojia, kutanga nemuenzaniso wekutanga wekushanda mumabasa ose anozivikanwa uye mabhaloni uye ndege. Basa raiko pano rakaitwa nekuti gesi rinoreva mamiriro ezvinhu anonyatsofanana nemvura. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumhepo yakasviba, Simba reArchimedian rinoshanda pane chero zvinhu, zvakangofanana nezvimwe mumvura. Nzira yekutanga yekuedza kubhururuka nebhadhioni yakagadzirwa nehama dzeMontgolfier - dzakazadza bhoron neshu inotonhora, nekuda kwekuti kuyerwa kwevasungwa mubhodhi kwaive kwakaderera kudarika kuwanda kwemhepo yakafanana yemhepo inotonhora. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuonekwa kwesimba rinosimudza, uye kukwirira kwaro kwakagadziriswa semusiyano wehumwe hwezvikamu zviviri izvi. Kuwedzera kwekuvandudza kwevoloni kwakanga kuri kupisa kwakaramba ichipisa mhepo mukati mebhora. Zvinonzwisisika kuti rutivi rwomhanya rwakave rwakaenderana nehuwandu hwomoto. Gare gare, pamhepo, gesi ine simba rakaderera pasi pemhepo yakashandiswa kuzadza iyo.