Munhu wose anofanira kuziva zita nhindi mukati wechesi

Vanhu vakawanda vanopedza vakasununguka nguva yavo kutamba Chess. In mutambo uyu nechido reDare vanhu vemazera ose. With ruzivo mutambo mitemo, uye tichiswedera imwe nzira kunoita zvokunakidzwa kuhwina haisi refu kumirira. Asi kutanga unofanira kudzidza mitemo, dzidza zita nhindi mukati wechesi.

History of Chess

Nyama yemhuka wechesi akanga afunga maIndia ari VI remakore BC. e. Pakadzika kare wechesi rinonzi zvakasiyana. Chaturanga - zvinoreva "mapoka mana wamapoka."

Game iri zvikuru akafanana ano wechesi, asi paiva kusiyana. Board ine mutambo pachayo, sezvo akanga masero dzavo 8x8, asi chete ruvara wavo ari oga. Board huviri mavara zvikuru gare gare, muna Europe. nhasi vangani zvidimbu vari wechesi, sezvo panguva iyoyo.

Asi musiyano mukuru waiva nhamba yekare wechesi vatambi mutambo. Game akanga akapindwa vanhu mana chete. Mumwe voga akaratidza "mauto" mune imwe pakona mutambo bhodhi. Asi, mambo aiva Raja, pawns vaiva inifanduri, vatasvi vemabhiza, ukuwo, yaisanganisira mabhiza, uyewo muuto akanga hondo nzou nengoro rooks. Figures vane vana mavara: tsvuku, yero, girini uye dema. Vatambi majana kukanda mijenya kuti anosarudza izvo chimiro achaita kutama. Kana iwe kumonera chairema - Kutama aiva the pawn, deuce - bhiza nhamba nhatu zvaireva rook of famba, zvina - nzou, shanu uye matanhatu kosi kwaireva mambo. Queen, iye ari mambokadzi wechesi vasipo. Game inoguma apo vose zvipenga muvengi kunge liquidated.

Evolution mutambo

Kubva jeka India Chess pakupedzisira vakatanga kuuya dzimwe nyika. Saka, Chinese akadana wechesi "xiangqi", eJapan - "shogi" Thais - "Makruk". zita kuitwa wechesi chete muPezhia akatora pakutanga kwayo. The navaArabhu akadana mutongi wavo Shah, saka wechesi mambo atumidzwa.

Vakachinja mitemo uye zita, kwakauya Kushanduka wechesi. We akarega kufa, uye uwandu vatambi pasi kuti vanhu vaviri. Color zvitarisiko vava netsika black chena. The zita mukufambisira wechesi haana kumbochinja. Mamwe chess kwakachinja zita. Saka, Raja akava Shah. Sezvo madzimambo akanga maviri, mumwe wavo akanga akatorwa kufaranuka uye kuti mambokadzi. Sezvo nevaPezhiya akapinda pakupedzisira mutambo - checkmating mambo. Mumutauro shoko Persian wechesi rinoreva "Shah akafa."

Long nzira aenda mutambo asi asvika Russia. Taiva chesi havana kubva Europe. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti wechesi muRussia akauya Tajiks ari IX remakore BC. Ndokusaka zita nhindi mukati wechesi chaizvoizvo rinoshandurwa kubva Arabic uye mitauro Persian. Uye atova XI remakore mitemo nyama yemhuka wechesi yakasvika Russia.

Chess seti

Nokuti nyama yemhuka wechesi zvinoda mumwe wechesi puranga, iyo rakakamurwa 64 akaenzana vaviri mavara: vatema uye chena. Horizontal uye mira minda vane zviratidzo zvavo. Yakatambarara muri kuwanda kubva kubatana kusvika masere, uye vertically - tsamba A kuna H, saka munda mumwe nomumwe ane Coordinates. zvidimbu mu chesi Vangani? mutambi mumwe nomumwe munda unofanira kuva rooks maviri, peya mabhiza, mabhishopi zviviri, pawns masere, mambokadzi uye mambo. Vanosvika 32 chess, izvo vorongerwa bisect. Uyezve - zvakawanda pamusoro chess.

mambo

Arabic King unorira "al-Shah" uye mumutauro Persian zvinoreva mambo, asiwo vamwe mitauro ukoshi nemifananidzo - the anonyanya. Iri rinokosha chaizvo uye chinokosha nemifananidzo iri wechesi. Chess King, pasinei kukosha kwayo, anogona kufamba mumwe chete square, asi chero divi. Nhamba iyi ndiyo nyore pasina kudzivirira vamwe nenhamba. Chaizvoizvo, wose chaizvoizvo chomutambo uye kudzivirira mambo kubva nokurova nemamwe chess zvakananga. Nemaune kutyisidzira mambo wechesi anonzi "Shah". In Russia nhamba anoratidza "Kr", uye munyika dzakawanda ino - "K".

Mambokadzi wechesi - hwakasimba mufananidzo rechipiri pashure mambo

Shoko Arabic "al-firzan" rinoreva "nyanzvi". Asi pane dzimwe zvekungofungira, akadai shoko rinoreva "somuzivi", "mukuru" uye vamwe. Muzana XV remakore mambokadzi yakabuda Europe mikana mitsva, uye zvino nhamba aigona kuenda yakasiyana kure dzose diagonals uye mitsara iri chessboard. Vanomirira mambokadzi pamwe tsamba "F". «Q» - mambokadzi yemarudzi ino. Munyika dzakawanda, mambokadzi anonzi mambokadzi.

Rook uye bhishopi, ndivo chete rwavakaita mupurisa

Rook kare akaita ngoro basa, uye rakanga ifananidzwe wakavhomorwa nemabhiza. We akadana ngoro "Enda". Arabic "al-Roh" rinoreva "shongwe". Nokudaro chitarisiko nhamba. Rinosundwa munda chete yakatambarara kana vertically, riri yokunyanyisa minda wechesi bhodhi. Kureva ndeuke Russian tsamba guru "L", uye muna Europe - tsamba «R».

The zita mukufambisira wechesi Hakupindirani nezvechitarisiko chavo nguva dzose. Somuenzaniso, zvechokwadi wechesi chimedu nzou sechigaro pamberi hondo nzou, asi nokufamba kwenguva izvozvo akatanga anomirirei seyevanhu. Ngano: tine "C" kunze «B». Elephant anofamba chete pamusoro diagonal zvakafanana ruvara, iro mutambi ichava chimwe nzou pamusoro chena diagonal, uye wechipiri - on vatema.

Horse Chess

Nhamba iyi anotsvaka sebhiza. "Al Faras" iri Arabic - mutasvi. Kamwe mufananidzo uyu chaiva mutasvi, asi pakupedzisira kwakanga kubviswa. bhiza kosi anogona chete kuitwa muchimiro tsamba wokuRussia "G", kureva. e. masero maviri rworudyi uye mumwe kurutivi. Kunyora bhiza Russian "K" uye Chirungu «N». Ndicho chete chidimbu asingagoni kufamba munzira yakarurama uye kusvetukira pamusoro nhamba uye ake mupikisi.

vaifamba namakumbo

The pawn - chigamba chete kuti hazvigoni kunyorwa, uye ane hombe nhamba yakadaro munhandare. "Al-beyzak" mumutauro Arabic - imwe infantryman. Ita runoita the pawn anogona chete mberi chete akaenzana.

The mukufambisira wechesi, mapikicha izvo varipo munyaya ino, ichakubatsira kuzosangana upamhi hwazvo pamwe kuyevedza wechesi nyika.