Alluvial nevhu: characterization uye kupatsanura

Chii alluvial ivhu? Unhu kupatsanura pakati nevhu izvi ichapiwa nesu munyaya ino. Zita nevhu zvinobva rechiLatin rokuti alluvio, rinoreva "alluvium", "chinokonzera". Izvi rinotsanangura Mabviro ezwi uye kwakabva nevhu. Zvasikwa inwash nzizi, kuti rinoumbwa tudonhwe mabwe kuti nzizi chokufambisa kubva okumusoro kunosvika rezasi uye vakasiya dzarwo panguva nemafashamo. zvinhu kwakadaro anonzi alluvium. Ndiye yakaorera chaizvo nemhaka rwizi musatendera chete zvicherwa, asiwo zvipenyu zvasara nemhuka. Kupatsanura pakati yakakura alluvial nevhu. Pashure pezvose, nzizi dzine hurumende yavo hydrological. Kubva, zvaitika kakawanda yomumabhodhoro uye zvakafanana nezvimwewo, zvinoenderana chii ivhu vanoumba mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Ngatitarisei kwemarudzi aya nevhu akavapindurawo.

Chii floodplain uye tenuka

gang nomumwe pamusoro emakore zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvishoma nezvishoma alters ari kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yose pedyo nenyika. Uye mamwe parwizi, zvikuru uyu muitiro. Iye vanoedzwa kumahombekombe. Kubva mugero uyu kunova vakwanise. Asi kunze mumhenderekedzo yegungwa kukurwa kwevhu, uye pane rakadzika muitiro. The rwizi anocheka makadzika pamubhedha wake. Izvi zvinogona kuenzaniswa kushanda incision maronda. Vanotonyanya banga ikaruma, chikuru sezvisingaiti ganda kumicheto. Asi nezvemuenzaniso uyu ndokunge chaizvo. Kana ukatarira parwizi uye dzarwo mune chinjikira chikamu, unogona kusarudza nzira, floodplain uye tenuka. With wokutanga zvose zviri pachena - ichi inzvimbo mvura ndokuyerera. Ikoko, nechepasi pamusaka silt nezvimwe sediments. Floodplain - chikamu murwizi mumupata, iyo dzinozara munguva refu mvura. Uye nguva dzose aibuda kunosiya deposits pairi. Nokuda kwaizvozvi kuwanda kwacho unobereka alluvial ivhu. Miro vakanga kamwe zvakare kunzwisisa. Asi rwizi shambidza mhenderekedzo, uye vakapararira kuumba mvere dzakatenuka. Tenuka uye mafashamo mapani harisi nzizi dzose. Somuenzaniso, mune canyons dzemvura dzinoyerera pakati dombo rakaoma uye haagoni usapfuura navo.

Zvinoitwa alluvial nevhu

Izvi rwevhu zvinotora muzana matatu chete panyika. Asi iye anonzi kupfuura yakaorera. Pashure alluvial ivhu - chokwadi, rwizi madhaka, wakafuma zvicherwa. Saka, nevhu izvi vanokosheswa mune zvokurima. Yeuka kuti vose mararamiro vokutanga vakaberekerwa ichivandudzwa munzizi: murwizi, Yan Tszy uye Yellow River, rwaTigrisi uye rwizi rwaYufratesi. waterways izvi akapa vanhu yakaorera ivhu pairi kukura akapfuma chirimwa kunyange ane chinyakare azvipire kurimwa. Kunyange muIjipiti ano zvose kurima munyika iri pfungwa chete pamahombekombe aNairi. Mugore floodplain alluvial nevhu riri Mafuro, ndiyo yakanakisisa mafuro uye Mafuro rine mombe zvokudya nokuda chando. On rwizi tenuka dzakabudirira viticulture. Achibatsirwa Reclamation musango munzvimbo muitiro kukura mupunga. Floodplains zvinokosha iri Fishery. Zvechokwadi, panguva nzizi ipapo pemipata kuita kuti pave uye kubereka vaduku.

Kupatsanura pakati alluvial nevhu

A maitiro chinoratidza nevhu izvi ndechokuti vakakurumidza kukura. Kunyanya nezvezvitadzo dzine mafashamo kumapani. Vamwe nzizi mafashamo kunoitika mukuvamba yechirimo apo chando inonyunguduka, vamwe - muchando (Mediterranean okunze), wechitatu - muzhizha, panguva monsoon mvura. Asi hydrological hurumende inopa kuti pagore soro uye rakadzika (pasi mvura) chokubuda prices. Apo rwizi munguva dzakakwirira mvura kunosiya deposits yaro, ndiye simba accumulative muitiro. Asi alluvial floodplain nevhu vari heterogeneous mu sezvamunoita yavo. Kana mafashamu anouya, rwizi aibuda kwazvo kutsanya pedo pamubhedha. Saka, muna mumhenderekedzo yegungwa chikamu makuru nezvimedu vari rakachengetedzwa - mavhu, jecha. Kana mvura yaenda, panguva ino vakaumba mahombekombe uye miseve. A zvishoma murwizi panguva nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva. Kune rakachengetedzwa yakaisvonaka inoramba - yl, ivhu. Kune nzvimbo floodplain ayo akazara ose gore, asi chete mafashamo. ivhu kwakadaro layered. Pakupedzisira, musi tenuka kune turf, dondo uye wemarudzi nevhu vanoumbwa pamwe kuwedzera alluvium.

kupatsanura Dobrowolski

Mbiri academician anosimbisa marudzi anotevera mikuru ivhu, inoumbwa nzizi mabasa. GV Dobrovolsky chinosiyanisa rwizi nevhu, alluvium uye ukapisa murwi turf. A zvishoma mberi kubva parwizi, nechepakati floodplain, izvo nebani nzizi vanogona kusvika makiromita anoverengeka yakafara, iri kumafuro nevhu. The alluvial nevhu + nomumachakwi, riri mujinga rezasi chinjiri, yakawanda manyowa uye gleya. Asi kupatsanura yedzidzo Dobrowolski rinoshanda chete kune nzizi Russian kuti dzinoyerera kupinda kumucheto pamapani ane unozvidzora Continental ekunze. Mune dzimwe dzinongoitika dzega dzikwanise kupinda kuburikidza nedanho waterlogging ose chinjiri nzvimbo.

The matambudziko ekunze uye pasi

The rwizi wakakurira chinokosha basa pakugadzirwa alluvial nevhu. Ndicho sediments yake uchagara pamahombekombe yemafashame mubani. Asi pamusoro alluvial ivhu rine mamiriro okunze kwechirwere, kunyanya kunonaya. In nyorovera nzvimbo vane acidic nevhu. With vasanyanye chitsama kunonaya ivhu huchawedzera kwazvakarerekera. Alkaline nevhu vari kuumbwa mune dzisinganayi munzvimbo. Pasi Pevhu kuva nezvahunoita pavhu. Zvisinei, impermanent. Munguva mvura pasi uye kwemvura pasi uende rakadzika muvhu. Asi yokunaya uye mafashamo, vane kushanda. The aquifer kungaita kuti waterlogging ivhu, achivapa imwe mineralization. Kunyanya zvikuru zviri kuratidzwa nechepakati uye chinjiri chikamu floodplain.

Nevhu kubva mumabhuku kusvikira pamuromo rwizi

Kazhinji Nzizi vanoberekwa mumakomo. Small rukova achiri haana simba usukwe dzarwo. Uye rinobva pakati dombo rakaoma. Asi mvura ine blurs munyu unobereka silica uye Organic zvinhu, asi oxides ose manganese uye simbi, gypsum uye nesuko, chloride uye yavaibvisa sulfate. In okumusoro kunosvika dzenzizi gomo alluvium zvinonyadzisa, yakavakwa hurungudo uye jecha zvinonyadzisa. Mvura inoyerera sandara chikamu Russia akasiyana hydrography. Ivo vanoberekerwa anezvimiti. Uye nekuti floodplain alluvial nevhu, kunyange okumusoro kunosvika enzizi kutakura chinokosha chikamu manyowa. Pakati kunosvika ose amapani hova meander uye kazhinji kushandura mubhedha wavo. Kunoderedza kumhanya yoRwizi, zvichiita mvura zvinova mira, mineralized, uye mune nyorovera okunze ari oxidized. Ndicho isingapotereri kukanganisa paumbwe alluvial nevhu. Delta panguva dzakadai aqueous nehofori sezvo Volga Yenissei, Don, zvinonzi mapazi kuwira ruoko. In rezasi kunosvika ari alluvial kwacho hakusi zvikuru. Kune rakachengetedzwa manyowa, ivhu, ₃ SaS0 munyu, potassium remubatanidzwa yavaibvisa, manganese, simbi.

Alluvial pevhu nevhu

nevhu aya riri yepakarepo pedyo norwizi, ayo raiiswa Mahombekombe. Vari dzinoratidzwa chaizvo shoma manyowa mu murwiyo. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo iyi nemafashamo rimwe gore floodplain, rwizi akarara ikoko chete ine alluvium - jecha vakasindimara, shingle. Panguva mafashamo vakaumba anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, ayo zvino zvitadzo nokuda kunayisa. The alluvial nevhu pamusoro pevhu shoma gleying, avo zvokuimba mamiriro. Top rukoko - chiduku ukobvu friable pevhu. Below nhema mutete manyowa jengachenga. Yakafara, zvichienderana romumhenderekedzo yegungwa uswa ungasvika matatu namakumi maviri masendimita. Kunyange repasi mafuta akaronga chiedza unaku. Saka varombo manyowa nevhu havasi afarire kurima.

Chii layered alluvial ivhu

A zvishoma kure kubva kurwizi mubhedha, iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa miseve, muri munzvimbo dziri nemafashamo ose gore, asi chete zvakasiyana (muRussia - pashure zvikurukuru chando chakanyanyisa). Saka, deposition pamusoro aqueous karwizi chiedza unaku (mabwe, jecha) iri alternated pamwe akaturikidzana pamusoro manyowa, iro yakawanikwa kubva kugayiwa kumafuro zvinomera. Layered alluvial ivhu, mukusiyana kusvika turf ivhu, kunakidza kuti kurima. On izvi sandara nzvimbo kukangaidza kufudza varimi mombe kana kuvashandisa pasi uswa. The Profile layered alluvial ivhu paiva manyowa vane makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana masendimita paukobvu. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti ukure akasvibirira wemarudzi uswa nemiti. Pevhu ndiyo varipowo vari Profile, asi ichi mutete rukoko - anenge mashanu masendimita. Below ari gleyed layered alluvium. Zvokuimba Zvinoumba ivhu iri kwakanyanya.

Alluvial-kumafuro nevhu

Anogara vainyanya Central Mapani of floodplains. nevhu izvi akaumbwa loamy kana jecha loam slabosloistymi River sediments. Kudzika pasi kunyange munguva kwemvura inosimbisa uswa akasvibirira zvinomera. Saka Profile kuumbwa simba topsheet wakaisvonaka grained manyowa nailivaniya. Aquifer ari kudzika yemanyorero isingasviki meter, rirambe richibvira Anodya kumafuro zvinomera. Pazasi ivhu Profile iri vanochengeta gleying. Manyowa alluvial-wemarudzi nevhu zvitatu muzana kupfuura layered. Kana pasi iri mineralized, pamusoro dzakadaro kukura floodplain solodized subtypes kana wakawanda nevhu. Zvinobata paivhu inotungamirwa ane uswa. Pamiti vakaumba podzolized subtype alluvial kumafuro ivhu.

deveteve nevhu

The abudise dzegirini, izvo zvinowanzochengetwa mu nearterrace nharaunda murwizi mumupata, pamwe nyorovera okunze pane kurega kunotanga acho mvura. Kunze aquifer rinobva mawere chokusatongofashamidzazve pemvura. Zvose izvi zvinhu (pasi mvura, nyorovera okunze, kuora mwoyo ruyamuro) kutungamirira kuti nzvimbo dzakadaro kukura alluvial murove nevhu. Vari ne rinorema magadzirirwo, akapfuma peat, gleying. On hwaro ichi padzaiva Marsh uswa, dzimwe nguva nemikonachando. ogleevaniya pezvakaitwa zviri kuitika pamwe alluvial deposits. Mukuwedzera, ivhu kunowedzera nokuda kuunganidza manyowa. Nokuti vakadaro mhando kuita primers vangava acidic kana zvakaneta alkaline.

ivhu tenuka

Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti matunhu pemahombekombe nzizi, zvakare, akapeta alluvial deposits. Chete ivo - vakuru akawanda floodplain nevhu. Kwemazana emakore uye kunyange zvemakore pamusoro tenuka vakaumba gobvu rukoko zvimwe chikonzero - dondo podzolic, wemarudzi, dema pasi. Asi pasi inotungamirwa ichi nhema zvose zvakafanana alluvial ivhu.