Allelic uye non-allelic majini

genetics ukoshi

With kuwanikwa masero zvigadziko sayenzi inowanikwa zvakawanda itsva tsvakurudzo chawo substrate yemhindumupindu - majini remitemo. Kuti vakaisa mashoko pamusoro zvose zvekare uye kuuya kushanduka kukura nhengo.

nhodzera uye kushanduka reshiyo unokubvumira kuponesa chete hwakanakisisa, asi pachinzvimbo vakakundikana kuwana vatsva, kuvandudza marongerwo pave kukunda dzinongoitika vakasarudzwa.

Basic Dzidziso genetics

Mazuva nemagene hwaro chromosomal nhaka akagamuchira dzidziso kuti huru substrate chinhu morphological chromosome - maumbirwo of yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa DNA zvakaoma (chromatin) umo munguva kwetunhu mapuroteni, uye ruzivo kuverengwa.

Dzinza rako kwakavakirwa pfungwa dzakawanda: majini (a DNA chidimbu Coding kwenguva chaiyo inoti Unit), genotype uye phenotype (yakatarwa majini uye miitiro ane muviri), gametes (utachiona masero ane chete yakatarwa okutodza) uye zygote (s masero diploid).

Majini, akavapindurawo, dzinoiswa kupinda chikuru (A) uye recessive (a) zvichienderana kwakaita mumwe chinhu pamusoro perimwe allelic (A uye a) uye asiri allelic majini (A uye B). Allelic iri chete chromosomal nharaunda uye Coding chiratidzo chimwe. Non-allelic majini zvachose vaipikisa kwavari dziri panguva nzvimbo dzakasiyana uye encode zvakasiyana zvimwe. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, asiri allelic majini vachikwanisa kutaura nemumwe, achipa pave chitange zvachose matsva zvinhu. Maererano Qualitative Zvinoumba alleles zvipenyu zvinogona kukamurwa homo- kana heterozygous mumutsetse wokutanga ndivo chete majini (AA, AA), mune dzimwe - akasiyana (AA).

Mashandiro naGene mukukurukurirana vematunhu

Unoumba Gene kudyidzana pakati vokuAmerica geneticist T.H.Morgan akadzidza. Zvakabuda tsvakurudzo yake, akataura kuti mashoko okutodza dzidziso yedzinza. Maererano majini yake yaisanganisira imwe chromosome vari nhaka pamwe chete. majini yakadaro inonzi kwakabatana uye dzinoumba ainzi linkage mapoka. Uyewo, mukati mapoka aya kunoitika kuburikidza Gene recombination Crossover - okutodza kuchinjana zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana pamwe chete. In ichi zvachose musoro uye vaudzewo nechokwadi chokuti majini akaronga zvakananga mumwe shure mumwe, kuparadzana mu nedanho mazambuko-pamusoro havasi pachena uye vari nhaka pamwechete.

Kana paine chinhambwe pakati kwemajini, mukana inonatsa chiripo - Fani iyi inonzi "kukwana adhesion magene." Utaura muudzame, nesungano pakati ane majini allelic kunoitika muna zvitatu nyore Zvirongwa: kutonga wakakwana kupa vakachena hune unhu, kukwana kutonga kupa zvenguva kodominirovanie chinhu uye nhaka zvose unhu. Non-allelic majini wo nhaka zvokuvapfuura: mazano evane complementarity, Polymers kana epistasis. Pano vachange nhaka vose maitiro, asi kune imwe zvakasiyana papi.