Historical netsika Monuments of Bashkortostan. Republic of Bashkortostan: zvinokwezva

dzinza rimwe nerimwe boka anofanira zvakaitika nzira yavo kuva kukurira dzakaoma kana kutambudzwa. Asi pasina zvakanaka kuva kune mukuru kana mudiki papi kumbobvira kuita chero chimwe panguva. Nhoroondo Bashkortostan hakuna anosara. Taiva nenzira iyi vanhu mufaro uye kusuwa, kukunda uye kukundwa, nokubwinya uye nyadzi. Chii Rondedzera dzakawanda epics, vakaudza pamusoro Batyrov nemamwe unhu chinokosha vekare. Chokwadi, Bashkiria ano - zvikuru inobudirira Zimbabwe kodzero kuzvionera muna Russian Federation (Urals upfumi nharaunda). Asi haana nguva dzose. Monuments of Zimbabwe Bashkortostan "paridza" pamusoro wayo tsika emakore-kare.

nhoroondo mashoko

Bashkirs sezvo boka redzinza akaumba kunyange ini fung. N. e., uye kubvira muzana remakore rechigumi iri yavo yakatanga kuparadzira Islam, iyo kwaifanira basa guru mune ramangwana. Zvikurukuru chitendero zvakabetsera richengetedzwe kuzivikanwa vanhu, regai kuitwa, kunyanya kufungisisa kuti Bashkirs nguva dzose outsinye "rombo" kurarama pedyo Yechinwiwa Horde uye Khazar Turkic Khaganate, Bulgarskim Khanate. Iri panzvimbo inokanganisa enyika kubatana kwakaita yoga Bashkir madzinza. Recent nguva dzose asatenderwe nemumwe uye pedyo avanhu.

Zvisinei, nguva yasvika, uye nguva feuds pamusoro. Kubva pakati pezana nhoroondo XVI remakore Bashkortostan zvakapinda munyika yakasiyana mugero - vanhu vakayambuka kuti Russian chizvarwa, pasi tutelage pakati chevaux Ivan anotyisa. Kudivi rimwe, aigovera mukana kumisa mukurwisana uye nekaupenyu zvakajairika kukura. Zvisinei, pamusoro kunyika Bashkirs akatanga vanoshingaira kufamba mamwe marudzi, kusanganisira Tatars, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordvinians. Chokwadi, chete kuita Russian uye Ukrainians, uyewo mamwe vagere rakakura nyika, zvakare, akatanga kuongorora ndima itsva.

Akanga vachishingaira muzvirongwa Bashkirs panogasa kupfuura mapenzi uye tsitsi Russian kumukira 1773-1775. Izvi zvinooneka kwete vapfumi ngano, asi akamupa gamba renyika - Salavat Yulaev, izvo vaiona mumwe shamwari mutungamiriri murimi mudiki yemuna Emelyana Pugacheva.

Gare gare raiva Bashkir zvionera Soviet Republic (kubvira 1920). Rakava chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha maindasitiri nzvimbo (zvemakemikari uye petrochemical maindasitiri) muna USSR. With pokuwa yokupedzisira iri zvishoma nezvishoma tinoshandurirwa Republic of Bashkortostan rayo Kurultai, t. E. A paramende bicameral uye mutungamiri. The guru ndiro guta Ufa, yakavambwa muna 1574 pamusoro nzvimbo wekare kugarwa pakati zvemo dzinza. Bashkortostan mepu zvinosanganisira 54 administrative maruwa. Pakati pavo, maguta 21 uye 4434 misha. Vagari vakapfuura mamiriyoni 4 vanhu, chetatu zvose vaigara Bashkiria kusimbiswa Ufa uye Ufa nharaunda.

A siyana zvenhau netsika Monuments of Bashkortostan

Chokwadi, zvakadaro refu uye chakaoma nzira okukura vasingagoni mumatauriro zvivezwa uye uchapupu zvekare eras. Nhasi muna Bashkortostan pasi pehurumende chinodzivirira vanenge zviuru zviviri siyana Monuments of mapurani, unyanzvi, tsika uye sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo.

The Zvivako inozivikanwa kwazvo Bashkortostan (Donongodzo):

• chechi yokutanga.
• Monument kuna Salavat Yulaev uye Aleksandru Matrosovu.
• Aksakov People House.
• Mausoleum (guva) Bendebike.
• Cave Shulgan-Tash.
• Pakati Cathedral of Wokuzvarwa Musikana.

National mumapaki uye reserves vanozivikanwa kure mhiri zvokuvhoterwa uye kuramba kukwezva vashanyi itsva.

Zvivako Silent kuti tsika Bashkortostan, kuratidza zvimwe pezvakaitwa kuitika mukati vanhu, kazhinji angamuudza zvizhinji kupfuura kunyange magwaro zvakachengetedzwa. Asi mutengo wavo hazvirambiki chero pfungwa maonero. Izvi zvakazara kwomunguva nzvimbo dzokunamatira, izvo zvinoratidza mudzimu dzinza. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya nyika uye multi-Sangano zvakasiyana zvakadai, rinova Republic of Bashkortostan.

Pakati Cathedral of Wokuzvarwa Musikana

Ufa tembere iyi, iyo yakavakwa muna 1903-1909 gg., Aimbova munhu-storied matatu Brick chivako neshongwe bhero uye rising mumwe ainge akamonererwa rakazara nesimbi namatanda. chechi iyi kwaifanira vapone makore akaoma pashure pokuchinja, asi pakupedzisira achiri yakavharwa, uye imba anoiswa pasi mhepo okudhindira. Mune ramangwana, hapana firimu yemitambo rakazaruka, Kushatisa kwakavakirwa mhiri kuzivikanwa. Chete ari kumavirira yeSoviet yaitonga, muna 1991, akadzokera mutembere diocese. Vavakezve Wokuzvarwa Musikana Cathedral yakanonoka kwemakore 15, asi kuvaka denga-mutema ruvara pamwe domes goridhe uye akanaka kupenda yaiva kupfuura capacious chechi yeOrthodox iri guru.

Wokutanga chechi

Bashkortostan tsika anotakura wakajeka rupawo vokuMabvazuva. Muenzaniso uyu - the Church yokutanga yakavakwa muna Mosque muna 1830, iyo pakutanga aiva ibwe chivako rimwe Arch. Gare gare rakavakwazve kakawanda. chechi iyi yaiva imwe guru pre-echimurenga Russia, uye kusvika kwaro kuverengwa kusvika chiuru vanhu. Uyezve, kana akaita madrassas uye Russian-Bashkir-gore maviri kukoreji. Kwemakore 30 (1960-1991). Chete chechi haina kurega mabasa avo Ufa.

mausoleum Bendebike

Historical Monuments of Bashkortostan zvinosanganisira guva, uko kwakaguma inonzi paNyika gwara vakadzi zvikuru - Bendebike. Iye nokuda kwayo uchenjeri aakatipa uye chikonzero, akakwanisa kugumisa hondo pakati Bashkirs uye Kazakhs. Chivako ichi chakagadzirwa muchimiro imwe octahedron ane nzvimbo yakagadzirwa zvidhina maviri mavara - chinoumba musoro uye tsvuku Christmas chishongo aurayiwe.

Zvinofadza kuti Bendebike haana Hanshi kana mutongi. Iye chete simba akachenjera mukadzi weimba huru, kuti izvo Council akateerera zvose vatungamiri vamarudzi. zita rake waikudzwa kwete chete Bashkirs, asiwo pedyo avanhu, sezvo ayo uchenjeri wakapararira kwazvo. About nomurume wake pane ngano dzakawanda uye nyaya.

Aksakov People House

Historical netsika Monuments of Bashkortostan raimiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza panyaya mapurani, kuvaka, yakavakwa muna 1909-1920 gg. Sezvinogona kuoneka kare kubva zita, vanhu House wakatsaurirwa kuna kuyeuka hunoshamisa mabhuku mufananidzo Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova, uye rokuvaka rakanga akatozivisa makwikwi Russia. Mari inounganidzwa yose Ufa. Construction akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze pamusoro makore 10, kunyange zvazvo zvaiita kwakakodzera - kunyange pashure kusvika zana remakore Aksakov House looker wayo akasiyana mapurani. It weaved dzakawanda zvitaera: Russian Classicism, Baroque uye East Asian, pamwe refu hwindo slits. Chivako ichi wakafanira embody mufananidzo nemakambani Republic, uko murunyararo pamwe zvose Russian uye Bashkir. Sezvo kuguma 30s panofanira dhanzi uye kutamba, asi chinhu chakakosha kuti makore mashoma apfuura Aksakov imba atangazve zita rayo kare.

Zvakaoma kufungidzira rudzi haakudzwi magamba ayo uye akatsvaka kuramba mazita zvinodhura mumazana emakore. Uye varwi pamusoro munharaunda Belarus ano raigara siyana zvikuru. Naizvozvo, nhoroondo uye tsika Monuments of Bashkortostan - chiyeuchidzo National magamba, vanokanganwa kuti hazvibviri.

Salavat Yulaev

Ndokupi akaisa guva rake harisi panguva yakakwirira, sokunge kudzivirira vagari vose zvakaipa? Monument kuna Salavat Yulaev - haisi yakasiyana uye kupfuura Equestrian rekunamata kuRussia, asiwo National pfuma, ndiko kudada Republic of Bashkortostan.

Zvakatora makore makumi matatu muvezi Soslanbek Tavasieva kuti recreate mufananidzo gamba, vakaenda kundorwa kuda Catherine Guru. Uye pachinzvimbo vachirwa kudivi hurumende, akatangawo mupanduki Pugachev.

The vachikanda pamusoro bronzed simbi, akakunda Salavat Yulaev mu nguva inokosha kusarudza pamusoro yezwi Pugachev. Aifunga kuti kudana kumutevera, saka tacitly kutaurira zvizvarwa vatsva Vagari Bashkortostan kwesimba yevanhu mweya uye kukosha rusununguko rwokusarudza.

Alexander Matrosov

Kuyeukwa magamba upenyu vanhu. Zvakanga zvakadaro asingakanganwiki mamiriyoni Alexander Matrosov --makore 19 dzose varwi 2nd Infantry rechiuto vakaparadzana, chando February zuva kudzikatidza muviri wake German pfuti. Maererano nerimwe shanduro, akaberekwa nokuda Bashkiria. Saka isu yakatangwa Ufa muna 6 fung gore Kukunda chifananidzo yendarira, kuratidza Matrosov mu groundsheet aine pfuti pamusoro yakatanhamara nokuda Pink machena - nokuti pakuvaka kuvazukuru.

Monument Nagomu Mihailu Aleksandrovichu

Shongwe muvambi Ufa - shongwe yerudzi rutsva. Zvinonzi wakaiswa makore 7 chete apfuura. Iye rinoratidza gavhuna, uyo ndiye mavambo uye guta muzvivako. To musi, pane shongwe mumusha worusere kwaMarch, kumucheto guru reRepublic of Bashkortostan. Zvisinei, zvinonzi vaitarisira kuti pamusoro nguva, shongwe ino kuchaitika yayo pamwe nemamwe magamba enyika.

Friendship Monument

Ushamwari pakati wokuRussia uye makore Bashkir vanhu vanopfuura 450, asi kutanga kwayo akaisa Ivan Grozny ari kure 1557. Akatora pasi bapiro ake, nechirwere munyika nokukakavara uye vanodzvinyirirwa Golden Bashkirs. Uye nhasi vari Russian Federation. Saka vakatanga kwenguva itsva uye tsika Bashkortostan. Mushure emakore mana, muna 1957, kuyeuka chiitiko ichi akasarudza kuchengeta, kutanga Friendship Monument. The Monument anoitwa muchimiro reza pasina mubato (35 metres dzakakwirira). Two vakadzi welaurel nezvishongo mumaoko avo, dziri pamusoro kana divi chipande, kumiririra Bashkir navanhu Russian, uye welaurel "anotaura" pamusoro husingaperi uye hwakasimba ushamwari pakati pavo.

Monument kuti Heroes of October Revolution uye Civil War

Dambudziko remapazi zvose zvechiuto munyika iri ndechokuti nezvokumukira mumwe kwete shamwari chete zuro, asiwo hama ropa. Nokuti Russia, kupfuura woeful hwendarira panyaya iyi panguva Civil Hondo Huru October Revolution.

Kweanenge makore 40 apfuura Bashkortostan pakuyeuka ari heroism National Monument rakadzikwa, yakatsaurirwa kuna vechikamu zviitiko izvi. On the nechigadziko ndiwo musha nenhamba akawanda: Red Army musoja ane pfuti, mumwe mhizha ine nenyundo, imwe murimi munhuwo, ane maoko panzvimbo dzose zvokurima zvishandiso ndakadaro pfuti. Izvi nhamba, izvo aida kumirira mumwe boka chavagari, vakaatsinzina musoja akakuvadzwa vakwegura, savana baba pedyo. Izvi kunosimbisa kubatana vanhu vari kurwira kodzero dzavo.

Chirangaridzo "Kushungurudza Mother"

The Zvinoitwa Shongwe iyi kuti vakazvitsaurira kuna vose varwi vakanga vaurayiwa apo kutora chikamu mune omunharaunda nokurwisana akawanda kubvira 1951 kusvika 2003, Shongwe dimikira yendarira amai uyo anofukidza chake, sokunge vanochema zvikuru kurasikirwa nevana vavo. Pedyo steles maviri matema girenayiti, pamusoro izvo zvakavezwa mazita rawa.

Zvinokonzerwa Nature

Historical netsika Monuments of Bashkortostan haana kusika munhu RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA mufananidzo, kana vasingagari mukwanisi zvipo Mother Earth. Total munyika kune vanopfuura zana dzakasiyana zvinokwezva zvakasikwa.

Bashkir State Nature Reserve

Yokusiyana nzvimbo iyi kuti zvakasimba rakakamurwa sezvikamu zviviri: mumwe - mune inofa wokumaodzanyemba Krakow, yakavakwa rinorema plutonic mabwe rurefu zviri simbi, mumwe - the Ural-Vangararai - une manyoro. Reserve - dzakasiyana dzinongoitika kunzwisisa, izvo inozivikanwa kwete chete Zvaifadza kunovhengana dzakasiyana mhando kasvisto, asiwo zvisaririra kuti aigona kuramba pano kwezviuru zvemakore.

National Park "Bashkiria"

Ndima yayo anofukidza anenge 82 hectares, apo unogona kuwana nekuve nemhuka isingawanzowanikwi uye zvinomera. Vamwe vavo vari rwakaiswa panjodzi. Uyezve, pane vari akaronga, uye vakadaro dzinongoitika Monuments of Bashkortostan sezvo karst mabhiriji, Bear kwakaita kupishinura, turakiti Kutukov-Sumgait.

State Natural Reserve "Shulgan-Tash"

Natural Zvivako RB zvinosanganisira akadzivirira mapazi anoda pakati penzizi uye White Yuryuzan. Mukuwedzera zvisingawanzoitiki marudzi zvinomera, mhuka, shiri, uye hove, kwava mubako Shulgan-Tash (Kapova bako). Zviri ane matongo nzvimbo kuti kukosha nyika, iyo panguva yacho yakanga vekare vanhu, sezvinoratidzwa akachengetedzwa dombo mifananidzo uye nezvishongo.

Natural Park "Muradymovskoe Gorge" ndiyo mbiri nokuda chokwadi chokuti rakapukunyuka mubako, umo zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura akararama rokutanga vaigara Urals. Total iyi zvakasikwa nharaunda mune nzvimbo vanopfuura makumi mana, kusanganisira mapako Most Labirintovaya, Ice, Novo uye Staromuradymovskie. Mudziyo madzitateguru edu inowanikwa mubako Pigeon.

Modern Bashkiria - zvachose inofadza nharaunda, kuchengetedza anoshamisa, relict hunhu, rakasanganiswa National ruvara. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo kuti hazvibviri kuti vasawira kudanana yokutanga kushanya, hakuna simba pamusoro nguva pacharo. vanoda Nature inokurudzirwa kufamba vakapoteredza nyika uye kunakidzwa nzvimbo yakanaka dzakawanda kuti iwedzere kadhi Bashkortostan.