Chii voltage akayera? Unit kubva nokuyerwa yemagetsi voltage

Zvinoita here kufungidzira upenyu pasina magetsi? Modern murume zvakasimba wakakomberedzwa achizvicheka midziyo kuti anobatsira muupenyu. Hatigoni kufungidzira pachangu uye upenyu hwangu pasina akangwara mhuri Vabatsiri.

Nzira iri kuramba kutamira kushandisa magetsi. Kunyange takura iri zvishoma nezvishoma kune yemagetsi Motors, izvo zvinoderedza yekudyidzana kukuvara zvisikwa.

Nhasi tichaedza kupindura mibvunzo inotevera:

• Chii magetsi?
• Chii voltage?
• Sei kuona voltage?
• Chii voltage akayera?

Parizvino?

Pakutanga Paaidzidza magetsi yaunganidzwa kukweshera muviri mumwe. reserves Large muripo kunogona kuwanikwa munguva mheni dutu, uchishandisa yepanyama buditsa - mheni. Zvinozivikanwa kuti nzira iyi arasikirwe upenyu mudzidzi M. V. Lomonosova - Richter.

Charge pacharo rakaoma kushandisa uye seisingashandi. It anofanira kuwana mirayiridzo yake - magetsi. iyezvino ehupfumi:

• kudziyisa kondakita;
• makemikari matanho;
• zvokuimba matanho;
• rinobva kushanda.

Kushandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye rwokugadzira. A zvakafanira mugariro kuti kuvapo ano Kuwanikwa anoonekwa ari kuitika tsime vakasununguka nemagetsi mhosva uye namahwindo kondakita kuti.

nyaya nhoroondo

Muna 1792, akakurumbira wokuItaly yefizikisi uye physiologist muvambi Alessandro Volta Pin aifarira National Luigi Galvani pamusoro pemhando magetsi pulses vari nhengo mhuka. Long-rokuti Kuongorora unhu matatya makumbo, wakaiswa pamusoro resimbi chiredzo, vachibvumira kuti kugumisa kuti kunobva magetsi harisi Muviri mupenyu, uye kuonana pakati dissimilar simbi. ezvinhu Izvi zvinobatsira kuti aibuda magetsi, uye zvakaitwa etsinga harinzwi - chete vasiri mugumisiro matsva.

A rakasiyana kuwanikwa kwakazokonzera pakusikwa kunobva munyika yokutanga DC, vaimudana "Voltaic murwi". Dissimilar simbi (Volta vaizviti vanofanira kubviswa rimwe zvinoverengeka zvine maatomu akafanana) akaitwa pepa akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya mura "kondakita kumbodaro rechipiri".

mudziyo uyu akava wokutanga DC voltage kunobva. Unit kubva nokuyerwa yemagetsi voltage immortalized zita Alessandro Volta.

Kugara ano mabviro

The chikuru che redunhu - a kuitika kunobva. Its chinangwa - kusika wemagetsi munda pasi chiito icho wakasununguka mhosva nezvimedu (maerekitironi, ions) kupinda rinotungamirirwa inofamba. Kuunganidza nomumwe bhuku zvinhu mhosva (kunzi nematanda) mu vane zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Redistributed nokuchengeta pacharwo mukati kunobva non-zvemagetsi hunhu pasi zvinoitwa ehondo (zvemaziso, kemikari, rinobva, chafariz, etc.). Wemagetsi munda vakasikwa matanda kuitika kupi, unobereka basa unomutsa mutariri ari namahwindo chevaimbi. On aifanira kuumba namahwindo-loop DC akati zvakawanda Alessandro Volta.

Sezvo zvinokonzera pasi pokudzora asiri nemagetsi zvakasikwa, nokuchengeta kufamba, saka unogona angapokana kuti mauto aya aite basa. Achivashevedza kumapati retatu. The reshiyo nechitarisiko mauto kushanda mhosva kuchinjirwa mukati magetsi kunobva kuna pamwero mukuru electromotive simba anonzi mutariri.

The kwemasvomhu mashoko ukama ichi:

• E = A _{V q,}

apo E - electromotive simba (EMF), A _remakore - basa nechitarisiko ehondo, Q - mutariri kutakurwa kunze mauto ari kupi.

EMF inechirevo Kugona bhuku razvino, asi mukuru unhu dzimwe nguva vaiona ichikonzera voltage (zvinogona musiyano).

voltage

Nhamba munda basa iri mhosva sangano iri muitisi kukosha vebasa voltage rakashevedzwa.

Kuti vanokurondedzera, tinofanira kukoshesa basa mumunda akakamurwa uwandu muripo. Regai A - rinoitwa yemagetsi munda simba mabviro anozunungusa mutariri q. U - yemagetsi voltage. Kwemasvomhu rekodhi chaienzanirana fomura:

• U = A: q.

Kungofanana mumuviri kwazvo ndiyo voltage chipimo chimwe. Chii voltage akayera? By zita muvambi kwenyika yokutanga DC kunobva Alessandro Volta Huru ichi kwakapiwa yayo chikwata. The dzakawanda Hurongwa voltage unotaurwa volts (V).

Voltage 1 V anonzi ari voltage yemagetsi munda anoita basa muna 1 J kuti unomutsa rokuchengeta 1 Cl.

• B = J / C = N • m / (A • c) • M = makirogiramu / (A • c ^3).

The inokosha zviumbu of SI chairema nokuyerwa yemagetsi voltage:

• makirogiramu • m / (A • c ^3).

zvaida mari

Nei asina kukwana, richitsanangura uno, kudzidzisa pfungwa ano? A pfungwa chiedzwa. Tora dzakasiyana mwenje miviri: misi nemhuri rambi uye mwenje furashiraiti. Kana iwe batanidza kuti dzakasiyana zvinyorwa simba (madhorobha rezvebonde uye matochi), unogona kuwana imwe amperage chaizvo. Panguva mhuri rambi unobudisa zvakawanda chiedza, ndiro basa kuitika munyika zviri zvakawanda.

zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana magetsi vane voltages zvakasiyana. Naizvozvo, ukoshi ichi kunokosha.

A unobatsira Fananidzo

Kunzwisisa zvinoreva voltage panyama rinouya, kana kunzwisisa dzinonakidza ringanidzo. In iri achiudza midziyo nemvura runoyerera kubva chubhu kupinda chubhu, kana paine kumanikidzwa musiyano mairi. Urume kuyerera anomiswa kana wakanyatsojeka nematambudziko.

Kana tichienzanisa Urume nokuyerera kwemutemo wemagetsi vebasa, ipapo differential kufurirwa mvura mbiru kuridza chete basa sezvo zvinogona musiyano iri kuitika kunobva.

pezvakaitwa kufamba kusvikira mutariri redistribution mukati magetsi panobva kuitika namatanda, zviri kukwanisa kuumba kuitika munyika kondakita. The voltage of Magetsi akayera mu volts, ndiye kufurirwa musiyano kuyerwa chikwata - Pascal.

AC

The Magetsi nguva anoshandura nhungamiro dzaro anonzi shanduka. Anosika munhu rakatumbuka voltage kunobva. Kakawanda iri jenareta. Ngatiedzei kujekesa: chii kunoonekwa ane AC voltage?

Nheyo chizvarwa magetsi kwakavakirwa Chiitiko pakati remagetsi induction. Vachishandisa kutenderera namahwindo loop ari remagineti zvinotungamirira dzingangoitika musiyano iri kondakita. Voltage unotaurwa volts uye panyaya kuchinja matsva.

tinogona kutaura kuti voltage haachinji? Zviri pachena, nokuda nokuchinja pakona pakati ndege yacho loop uye zvakajairika kwachiri vanowanika voltage kunosiyana-siyana pamwe nguva. Its ukoshi kunowedzera kubva razero kuti kunonyanyisa kukosha uye anowira shure razero. Taura nezvomumwe ukoshi hakusi zvakakodzera. Pinda vanonzi voltage chaiyo iri:

• U _D = U: √2.

Chii zviridzwa ayere voltage?

Mudziyo nokuti kuyera voltage - voltmeter. Nheyo huchishanda inobva nesungano pakati loop kuitika uye remagineti yacho zvachose magineti. Zvinozivikanwa kuti loop kuitika iri zvayaitenderera paguyo mune remagineti. Zvichienderana kwakakura magetsi ari loop dzinosiyana rekona kuti kutenderera.

Kana gandiwa kuisa museve, izvozvo dzikatsauka razero apo kuitika runoyerera mudunhu (kazhinji coils). Zvichienderana chii voltage kunoyerwa, huchashandiswa iri calibrated akamboona. Zvichida kushandisa Sub-multiples uye multiples.

Kana yakaderera tsika yacho voltage akayera mu millivolts kana microvolts. Mukupesana, pamatunhu-voltage network vachishandisa vakawanda dzakabatana.

Chero voltmeter zvakabatana muna akaererana mugove cheni, uko voltage kuyerwa rinoitwa. The chikuru enzvimbo chiridzwa loop anganzi yakakwirira ohmic nemishonga. Voltmeter, pasinei akayera voltage harifaniri kukanganisa nesimba kuitika mudunhu. Parinopfuura kunyora nezvavo kuitika pasina yekudyidzana kufurira inokosha ukoshi.

Table voltages

mudziyo chaiko	The voltage mhiri zviteshi zvayo, mu
Voltaic dutu	1.1
Battery furashiraiti	1.5
alkaline bhatiri	1.25
kutungamirira-asidhi muchitokisi	2
mumadhorobha samambure	220
High-voltage simba mutsetse	500000
Between makore nemabhanan'ana	Kusvikira mamiriyoni 100

Practical pokushandisa voltmeter

Kushandisa zvinobudirira voltmeter vanofanira kudzidza kuishandisa. Curious experimenter vangada kubvunza nevadzidzisi chikoro.

School of Physics makabhati akashongedzerwa rabhoritari kuratidzira uye mano kuti kuyera voltages.

Zvisina chero voltmeter vanofanira kunyatsocherechedza mitemo nyore:

1. Voltmeter ane kunonyanyisa panogumira yakayerwa. Ndicho chikuru ukoshi iri kwayo pamwero. Hazvina zvakafanira kubatanidza kuti redunhu dzine chinhu ichocho yepamusoro voltage.
2. Kana pasina mumwe tsime, kana voltmeter, unogona kushandisa wegadziriro zvimwe resistances. Panyaya iyi, ndeyokuti voltmeter anofanirawo kushandurwa.
3. The DC yemagetsi wedunhu kwakabatana zvichienderana chiratidzo vebasa chiratidzo zviteshi. The yakanaka chinouraya pamusoro ano kunobva kunodiwa kuti chokuita zvakanaka inouraya iri voltmeter, kunaka - kune asina. Kana kuvhiringidzika, ipapo tsono huchashandiswa anogona Vanokunga, riri zvikuru kunaka.
4. kwokubatana All dzinoitwa chete mudunhu de-kwakapa.

kuvadza

The Magetsi kungasava njodzi kuti vanhu. It vaiona chisingakuvadzi voltage asingasviki 24 V.

Action pasi mumadhorobha rezvebonde ano voltage (220) ndizvo zvakakwana kuchioneka. Anobata pachena vokukurukura pamwe inokosha "yemagetsi kuvhunduka".

Kusungika munguva dutu rinopfuura yakadaro yakakwirira kuitika kuburikidza muviri, izvo zvava kuda kufa kwake. Regai upenyu hwavo pangozi uye utano.