Alexander Dovzhenko - Ukrainian screenwriter, wokuimba Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Dovzhenko Aleksandr Petrovich yaiva kwakabatsira mabhaisikopu yeSoviet. Its zita pashure firimu kugadzirwa Studio. Asi akanga asina chete wekambani uye munyori wemitambo. Munyika yake, muUkraine, iye inonziwo munyori, mudetembi uye munyori wenyaya. Dovzhenko akaedza rwake panguva unyanzvi. Asi budiriro mukuru kubudirira pasango screenwriting. Akanyora dambe, nyaya pfupi enganonyorwa sezvinoita pamusoro mugovanisi realism.

At Alexander Dovzhenko aiva wematambudziko zvakaoma, izvo isu Uchafukidzwa munyaya ino. Caressed nehurumende yeSoviet, Kumukundi vaviri Stalin mibayiro uye vanhu Artist of RSFSR, akanga ari takambosangana zvokurwisana mhiri pamwe Red. Izvi anozivikanwa navashoma. Asi vakadzidza zvikuru vanhu vari USSR kuverenga ake "magnum opus" - "Enchanted Desna". Uye ake kupfuura basa ichikosha chomunda mabhaisikopo raiva firimu "Nyika".

udiki

Maererano mukova ari mazita Kuonanazve pakati Trinity Church Sosnitsa muguta (zvino dunhu pakati Chernigov nharaunda, Ukraine), Alexander Dovzhenko akaberekwa papurazi Vyunische August 29, 1894. New kwemanyorero, ichi unoenderana September 10.

The baba naamai vakanga vasingagoni kuverenga nokunyora vanhuwo zvavo. Baba yemberi mukuru, Petr Semenovich, aiva muzukuru Poltava Chumakov, ndokugara Sosnitsa anenge ari pakati namasere remakore. Mazita midzi vorudzii Dovzhenko kunogona kurondwa kusvikira 1760s. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zimbuya ari munyori, Taras, aiva storyteller kukuru. Chipo ichi chakanga nhaka uye Sashko duku.

The mhuri aiva huru nomunda, asi aigara urombo, nokuti ivhu rakanga mbereko. Pakati gumi navana vakaberekwa kushanda-zera vakapona chete matatu: Bellamy pachake, munin'ina wake uye hanzvadzi Pauline Trifon. Kazhinji rufu chinopinda mundangariro yangu wekambani. "In imba yedu nguva dzose akatonga pamariro uye kuchema," - akanyora gare gare. Uye pamusoro enhetembo mweya mai vake, akati: "Iye akazvarwa nziyo, asi wose upenyu achichema, achiona vana nokusingaperi."

kudzidza

In chikoro chepuraimari muna Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko akaratidza kwazvo zvabuda uye kuda zivo. Nekuti baba vangu vakasarudza kuramba kudzidzisa mwanakomana wake. Akatengesa rechinomwe chikamu nyika yavo Bellamy akakwanisa kuwana dzidzo muchikoro chepuraimari, uye ipapo muna 1911 akapinda Pedagogical Institute muna Glukhov. Izvi yunivhesiti wechiduku Dovzhenko akasarudzwa kwete nokuti aida kuva mudzidzisi, asi nokuti akapiwa bhezari zana maviri rubles pagore. Panguva sangano, munyori ramangwana akasangana wokuUkraine mabhuku, izvo ichi Russified muumambo hwacho rakanga pasi kurambidzwa. Ndapedza Dovzhenko akatumwa kudzidzisa Zhytomyr.

Munyori uye ake nguva

Kutanga World War First, Alexander Dovzhenko, pfupi Biography chinorondedzerwa munyaya ino kunonzwisiswa somunhu jingo. Iye nechido akakanda kunanga mauto kuhondo nemaruva uye makore mashoma akatanga kutarisa shure kubva kumberi "nenyadzi uye nokuchema." Munguva imwe chete Dovzhenko anosvika wokuUkraine National Liberation kufamba.

February Revolution pamusoro 1917, iyewo anoona nechido chaizvo. Papera mwoyo mairi zvaanorondedzera muchidimbu: "Mune rimwe chimurenga, handina re masuo avo." Apo Hondo Civil payakatanga, Dovzhenko akaenda kuzvipira muzvinhu hondo UNR, uye pamwe chete Third Serdutskaya hondo yaaigara ari Kiev "Arsenal". Makore gumi nerimwe pashure, mutungamiriri rinoratidza zviitiko firimu, uchisiya kuti akatora mugove pamusoro chikamu Black Gaidamakov. Sezvo kuuya simba Skoropadsky Dovzhenko vanotiza kuna Zhitomir. Kudzokera Kiev, akava mudzidzi wokuUkraine Academy of Arts.

"Red" nguva Biography

Nechekare ari maviri, Alexander Dovzhenko akaodzwa mwoyo mune National-Bourgeois pfungwa. Kuziva chete munyori Vasily Blakytnym akamutungamirira kuna Marxism nyika. Kanenge ndizvo wekambani pachake akanyora autobiography yake 1939. Akabatana Borotbists. Nhengo dzebato iri ipapo akabatana Communist Party (Bolsheviks) rweUkraine. Izvi chavanopinda enyika Dovzhenko akabvumira kutora zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro: Munyori Kiev Department of Education, Musoro Remifananidzo. Iye aishanda USSR plenipotentiary mufananidzo muPoland (1921) uye Trade cherudo Ukrainian Republic muGermany. Kugara ake muBerlin, yokudhirowa Dovzhenko waisitora zvidzidzo kubva expressionist Villi Gekkelya. MuGermany, nyanzvi yokudhirowa-Wenyika akaroorwa Barbara Krylova. Asi, sezvazvakanyorwa akatendeuka akabuda, mutsigiro yakanga Borotbists dema chidhindo kuti hurumende itsva. Dovzhenko anoyeuka kuti Ukraine, nokunyima kadhi rebato.

nyika sinema

Kubvira 1923, Dovzhenko vakagara Kharkov - guru rokutanga Soviet Ukraine. B. Uchishandisa Blakytnogo awana pepanhau cartoonist "News VUTSVK", uye inojekesawo bhuku (zvikurukuru, "zvitima zvitema" Petra Pancha). Panguva iyi, iye kunyatsotevera converges pamwe mabhuku denderedzwa "Hart", iyo zvainanga mabhaisikopu.

Alexander Dovzhenko, ane mafirimu vachawana admirers zvikuru gare gare, haana dzidzo, hapana ruzivo vanotungamira. Zvisinei, iye anotanga kushanda firimu Studio muna Odessa. Mumwe mabasa ake okutanga vakanga zvachose nokutambudzika "Red Army" uye kupenda "Musango."

Dovzhenko uye anoedza pachake basa munyori. In munda uyu anosika kutamba vana anonzi "Vasya muvandudzi."

Panzvimbo "michero kwerudo" Dovzhenko vakasangana Danilo Demutsky, uye tandem ichi rinotungamirirwa nomudzimu opareta wakaisirwa kwemakore anouya. Pamwe chete ivo kusika yakawanda dzinonakidza zvisungo.

Dovzhenko: Filmography

Basa rokutanga, iro akagamuchira kuzivikanwa aiva "Zvenigora". Mumufananidzo uyu, ari 1928 tenzi vakabatana mashoko uye satire pamusoro echimurenga yakakura. Firimu "Nyika" (1930), anenge pakarepo pashure nokubudiswa abviswa Rental.

Asi mufananidzo "Ivan" (1932) vakamusvitsa pedyo pamwe Stalin. Anoenderana, pashure wekambani anopiwa vateereri pamwe mudzvinyiriri. Muna 1939, Dovzhenko nokuti zvakananga Zvinorayirwa Stalin otora "tsika" firimu "Shchors". Nokuti tepi iyi rinotungamirirwa pakarepo akagamuchira soro mubayiro.

Kubvira 1934, Dovzhenko ndokugara muMoscow uye anoteerera zvikuru mabhuku basa. Panguva Second World War, akarayira anonzi wandei, akanyora essays uye nyaya.

manyadzo

Napedyo kuti simba (kunyanya Stalin) ane marapirwo. Muna 1943, Dovzhenko akanyora screenplay kuti firimu "Ukraine nomoto." Zvisinei, zvikuru tisingatarisiri, pamusangano pakati Politburo of CPSU (b), basa iri rave pasi defamation. The chinyorwa raiva zvinoodza yokudzokorora uye Stalin.

Muna 1944, mutungamiriri Alexander Dovzhenko pamuviri lyrical firimu "Upenyu maruva." Kufanana vnasmeshku, zviremera vakakumbira iye exchange mufananidzo nokuda Pfungwa zvinodiwa. Dovzhenko akaedza nepaaigona napo. Somugumisiro, mashoko sefa panze pachena firimu simba rinonzi "Michurin" azere promotional templates.

Kunyange chikashanduka mugumo yaakavingwa wokupedzisira basa Kumutungamiriri. kuti State "Sara mushe, America!" Was pamuviri pachishandiswa mabasa perebezhchitsy States muna USSR Annabella Byukar. Kana kupfura vakasvika kwokupedzisira nguva, Kremlin vakauya kuti kumisa basa iri mufananidzo.

Rufu kune imwe nyika

Alexander Dovzhenko mwoyo yokutanga kurwisa raiva pakusikwa "Michurin" achiri. Pamugumo hwake akadzidzisa ari VGIK. Aida kudzokera kuUkraine, asi hurumende haina kumupa mvumo kudaro sei.

Dovzhenko akaronga paakaita basa - kunyora yokufungidzira "Gate Golden". Uyewo mune zvirongwa ake ramangwana rakanga kunyora manyorero mufananidzo "Poem Rwepagungwa". Pazuva vapfura firimu wokutanga, akafa nechirwere chomwoyo. Akavigwa Novodevichy Cemetery muMoscow.