Alisa Gessenskaya, Grand Duchess: Biography, nyaya youpenyu uye rudo

Ndiani Alisa Gessenskaya? Chii mukadzi uyu yakakurumbira munhau? Sei ane upenyu hwake? Mibvunzo iyi yose uchawana mhinduro munyaya ino.

mavambo

Alisa Gessenskaya akagamuchira pakuzvarwa zita Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice Alice pamusoro Washington-Darmstadt. Akaberekwa June 6, 1872 mu Germany. The ramangwana Empress kweRussia akamuka ayo kutumidza vamiririri zvina wemhuri youmambo mazita rinobva: mai, zvakare, Alice, uye nehanzvadzi mana Mother. baba vake aiva inozvikudza Duke Ludwig IV, amai - Duchess Alice. The musikana aiva wechina, muduku mwanasikana inozivikanwa mhuri.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Princess Alisa Gessenskaya nhaka hemophilia Gene. Maperembudzi chakasvitswa kubva amai mwana mumhuri dzavo haasi chizvarwa chokutanga. Zvinoshamisa, zvakanzi kuratidzwa kwake simba zvakajeka varume, vakadzi vaiva chizvarwa vakurukuri chete. In chirwere ichi, akaderedza pakugwamba ropa, izvo zvingaita kuti zvikuru ropa, sezvamakaropafadzwa zvose nechinzwano zvekunze. On utano vasikana chirwere haana maturo.

Native Washington muna 1878 kwave kuchiita diphtheria chekorera. I Akabata uye mhuri Alice vake. Kufa amai uye hanzvadzi mei. Zvadaro, chirikadzi Louis IV anosarudza kutumira Alice kuti kurerwa kuna ambuya vake, achiziva kuti iye havazokwanisi kutsiva mai. Vazhinji nguva iyo mugari wenhaka pachigaro inopedza iri UK, vechiwi Wight. Saka, murume muduku akanga apedza panhare Balmoral, apo mbuya vake nguva dzose vakapamba - Queen Victoria wokuEngland. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona rinokosha unyoro uye rudo Victoria kwaari muzukurusikana, uyo akamutumidza "mushana yangu".

The ramangwana Duchess Alisa Gessenskaya vaisiyana nomwero uye kushingaira muzvidzidzo zvavo. A simba zvikuru achiri muduku yechitendero dzinza zvose.

First kushanya kuRussia

Pazera makore 12, Grand Duchess pamusoro Washington uye Rhine Alice akashanyira Russia kokutanga. Muna 1884, Ella nomukoma wake akava mudzimai Russian Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Yakanga iri wekuwana vomusikana vakati Nicholas II - muchinda, mwanakomana naMambo Alexander III. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti akabva aida Alice. Ipapo Nikolai akanga atova 16 uye akamutarira vachishamiswa, vachifunga ramangwana Emperor akura uye vakadzidza munhu. Duchess-makore 12 rokuitira akamboda kamwe zvakare kutaura Nicholas uye akasiya Russia ine rudo nyore mumwoyo.

kudzidza

A basa guru kudzidzisa mwana atambe Alice chitendero. Iye akaremekedza tsika zvose zvitsvene uye chaiva akazvipira. Zvichida zvakanga yake nomwero vakaroverera vakazoroorwa akarova Nicholas II. Akandiitira kushingaira zvakanaka uye kuti nevanhu, aifarira zvematongerwo enyika, paruzhinji zvenyika uye ukama dzakawanda. Her chido chitendero bordered pamusoro zvitendwa. Akanga kwazvo nokudzidza zvouMwari uye theosophy, izvo abudirira zvikuru uye akazopiwa doctorate zvoruzivo kuCambridge University.

Ukama ramangwana murume Nicholas II uye Wedding

Muna 1889, Mukuru Duchess Alice pamusoro Washington revisited Petersburg. Pano iye Akakokwa hanzvadzi Ella nemurume. Shure kwenguva refu kuwadzana Nicholas II panguva 6 mavhiki ari zvikuru mumuzinda dzokugara Segiyo iye akakwanisa kuwana mwoyo mwanakomana mukuru mambo weRussia. In ake manotsi, kare 1916, Nicholas II achakuudza kuti mwoyo wake ruoko vanozvininipisa uye inotapira musikana norudo wokutanga, uye kare pamusangano wechipiri, aiziva kuti aizoita kutora mukadzi wake chete.

Asi chisarudzo chake haana pakutanga vanotenderwa vabereki inozvikudza. Iye ataura muchato pamwe Helen Luizoy Genriettoy, mugari wenhaka Paris Graph. muchato Izvi zvakabatsira chaizvo kuti mambo. Uyezve, amai aiva chizvarwa Nicholas Dane uye haana kufanana vokuGermany. The chaizvo chete Alice, akadzokera kumuzinda mbuya, akatanga vanoshingaira kuongorora nhoroondo mutauro wokuRussia, akakurukura Orthodox bhishopu. Koroleva Viktoriya, uyo akanamata muzukuru, pakarepo mvumo yake vakasarudzwa uye nenzira dzose kumubatsira kudzidza tsika itsva. Mukoma Ella, akatora nguva uye zita Orthodoxy Elizabeth Feodorovna, kufanana nomurume, akabatsira vanoda tsamba. Chokwadi, nokuti mutsa Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, hanzvadzi yomurume Alice, kufanana mhuri youmambo kunounza yakawanda zvinobatsira.

Chimwe akaipa chokwadi mhuri Romanov yaizivikanwa chirwere Duke pamusoro Washington dzinza. Kutya chirwere venhaka yemberi akabvunza uchenjeri kusarudza.

Nicholas II akanga akatsunga uye kuramba, haana kubvumirana kuteterera mai vake Maria Feodorovna. Zvakabatsira kudanana nemumwe chiitiko rakanaka inosuruvarisa. Alexander III muna 1893, kurwara, uye paiva mubvunzo pamusoro pakarepo avimbisana ari mugari wenhaka wokutanga chigaro. Bvunza ruoko Alisy Nikolay akaenda chaizvo, April 2, 1894 uye April 6, zvakaziviswa kuti kuroorana. Pakafa Emperor Alexander III Alisa Gessenskaya akatora kutenda Orthodox, uye vakagamuchira zita Alexandra Feodorovna. Zviya, murume achiri muduku musikana anonzi chete sezvo Alix - ainzi Nekubatanidza 2 - Alice uye Alexander. Muchato aifanira kubata nekukurumidza, zvimwe muchato kwaizova pamutemo, uye Alice vaisagona funga mukadzi wake mambo mutsva, saka muna vhiki isingasviki pashure pemariro baba vake, Nicholas II akaroora nomudzimai wake waaida. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika kuti kunyange hanimunu yavo pamhemberero kuchema uye vachichema sokunge kuprofita nokutambudzikira Romanov dzinza.

State mabasa uye ezvematongerwo enyika

Alice Gessenskaya Aleksandra Fedorovna aifanira kukurumidza kwazvo vajaire itsva nyika, kutanga kushandiswa tsika itsva. Vaongorori vakati kuti zvichida kwaiva chimbichimbi shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu zvakasimba saka kufurirwa unhu Alexandra Feodorovna. Nomwero uye yakachengeterwa, iye payakakurudzirwa akava vanozvikudza, hypochondria nokudzvinyirira munhu. The Empress aiva musoro regiments anoverengeka muchiuto, kusanganisira kunze umambo.

Ari kuitika parudo basa. Vachitungamirirwa wake, sangano rikabudirira, zvakadai dzinochengeterwa, zvipatara, kuchengeta pamba uye venharaunda. Akadzidza wezvokurapa mhosva uye pachake ndaibatsira mukushanda.

Kuronga Alexandra

Yokutanga kusingafadzi nyaya kubiridzira muupenyu Alice pamusoro Washington, mukadzi Nicholas II, iyo yakanga nokuti aisagona ichabereka murume mwanakomana anodiwa. Sezvo iye akamutswa kubva pakuzvarwa sezvo remangwana mudzimai mubati, icho mumwe mwanasikana uyo akaberekwa somunhu chituko zvivi uye kuchinja kutenda. zvitendwa kwayo uye akaita pakuonekwa youshe Philip. Raiva charlatan anobva kuFrance, uyo akakwanisa vabvume Empress kuti anokwanisa magic kubatsira kupa murume wake mudyi wenhaka. Philip kunyange vakakwanisa vabvume Alexandra kuti aiva nepamuviri, uye mumwedzi mishomanana kugara mumuzinda. Kuburikidza mambokadzi akanga kwazvo sei uye mambo pachake. Vaudzinge paingova pashure matongero vanachiremba pamusoro "pamuviri venhema".

Friends muupenyu Alexandra Feodorovna ruvanze rwakanga rukudzo. Pakati pavo anosimbisa Princess Baryatinsky, Baroness uye Countess Buxhowden Gendrikov, yainzi akanyatsoti Nastenka. Close ushamwari Mambokadzi refu nguva kwakatungamirira netsa Vyrubovoy. Yakanga ine mudzimai uyu Alisa Gessenskaya - mudzimai Nicholas II, iyo akasangana Grigoriem Rasputinym, gare gare zvakasimba kukanganiswa njodzi umambo.

Pakati vanotongwa German Duchess haana kushandisa kuita rudo uye kuzvipira. Alexandra kubatwa zvokumutsvinyira vamwe, kashoma pairi unogona kunzwa rumbidzo, kana shoko romutsa.

The-refu akamirirwa mugari wenhaka pachigaro

Aberekwa vanasikana vana - Olga, Tatiana, Maria uye Anastasia - The Imperial vaviri wakaipa kuwana mutsivi cheushe. Asi chishamiso chakaitika, uye muna 1904 vakauya kwenguva akamirirwa mwanakomana, anonzi Alexei. Sezvineiwo pakanga pasina muganhu, asi hemophilia Gene richiri zvinooneka utano hwomukomana. Ivepo panguva mudare Rasputin kwakamubatsira kutsungirira chirwere, sezvo mushonga kwakajairika haana kupa migumisiro yakanaka. Izvi zvakaita Gregory ari pedyo mhuri youmambo.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Makore ake okupedzisira aiva Zvinosiririsa uye chakaoma Alexandra. Aiva amai anoshamisa, wake mwanasikana naye akabatsira kuita oparesheni muchipatara uye aipedza nguva yakawanda aine varwi vakuvara, nhengo World War First.

Mushure February Revolution, hurongwa hurumende itsva yemhuri Romanovs akaiswa pasi vakasungwa imba uye gare gare akatumira zvose kubva St. Petersburg kuna Tobolsk. Muna April 1918 Bolsheviks vakatamira vasungwa Ekaterinburg, razova utiziro rokupedzisira mhuri youmambo. Nicholas II kusvikira ichangobva akadzivirira mhuri yake, asi usiku July 17, 1918 nhengo dzose dzemhuri Romanov akaenda zimba uye vapfurwa. Zvapupu zvakaona zviitiko akaudza kuti, kusvika vamwe rufu, Alexandra akafamba musoro wake Akarumbidza. chirimo ichi usiku akapedza rekutonga Romanov dzinza.