Africa Sub-nzvimbo: hurumende, vanhu, muzvarirwo

Nzvimbo wechipiri kondinendi munyika (mushure Asia) ndiro Africa. Subregions yayo (dzavo upfumi, vakawanda, uye yezvakaita state) richaongororwa munyaya ino.

Options weboka kondinendi

Africa kuti ndima - chikuru enzvimbo nharaunda yenyika. Naizvozvo, chido kuiganhura vachiita migove zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa. Pane zvinotevera maviri makuru: achinaya uye North Africa (uye Africa kuchamhembe Sahara). Pane chaizvo yakakura dzinongoitika, kwemadzinza, nhoroondo uye socio-ezvoupfumi akasiyana pakati penhindi izvi.

Saharan Africa - ichi ndicho chinonyanya shure nharaunda enyika dzichiri kusimukira. Uye munguva yedu, mugove zvokurima kwayo GDP riri kupfuura mugove maindasitiri kugadzirwa. 28 47 muduku dzakabudirira munyika iri dzakakomberedza dzemusub -Saharan Africa. Uyewo, kufadza nhamba yenyika riri pano, vasina kuwana kugungwa (States yakadaro munzvimbo 15).

Pane imwe shanduro weboka Africa mu maruwa. Maererano naye, chikamu - Southern, Tropical uye North Africa.

zvino isu kuna nokuongorora regionalization, kureva hurumende ichiisa hombe makro-nharaunda (Sub-nharaunda) tiri kufarira kondinendi. Parizvino, zvinofungirwa kuti pane vashanu chete. Africa ine zvinotevera Sub-kumatunhu: South, East, Central, West uye North Africa (pamepu pamusoro). Panyaya iyi, kuti zvinhu chaizvo zvechiratidzo upfumi, vanhu uye hunhu vane mumwe wavo.

North Africa

North Africa anoenda kuGungwa Dzvuku uye reMediterranean uye yeAtlantic Ocean. Nokuda ichi kwenguva refu isingachinji kubatana dzaro chete Near East uye Europe. The zvachose nzvimbo iri vanenge mamiriyoni 10 km ^2, rine vanhu vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 170 kubva. Mediterranean "France" inorondedzera nzvimbo subregion. Pamusana kwaari, North Africa ndiyo yakabatana South-West Asia uye Southern Europe. It Ane nzira yokubudisa kune huru pagungwa nzira, iyo anomhanyira kubva Europe kusvika Asia.

Paucheche yebudiriro, muArabhia Colonisation

Sahara gwenga dzakati vakawanda nzvimbo zvinoumba "veshure" yacho. North Africa ndiyo paucheche pamusoro ibudirire muIjipiti yekare, uyo akaita mupiro mukuru kune tsika. ReMediterranean Chikamu kondinendi munguva dzekare kwainzi ari dura reRoma. Uye nhasi zvinoita kuwana dzasara pachivande catchment namaberere pakati upenyu gungwa amabwe uye jecha, uyewo nezvimwe zvivako zvekare. Vazhinji muguta, riri pamahombekombe, vane dzakavapo kubva Carthaginian uye misha Roman.

Arab Colonisation kuitika muna 7-12 emakore., Ko yaiva nezvainoita tsika yevanhu, ayo kwemadzinza akafanana uye mararamiro. Uye anonzi ane Arab nhasi nechekuchamhembe Africa: zvinenge zvose vemo chechiMuslim uye kutaura Arabic.

Upenyu hwevanhu uye North Africa upfumi

The romumhenderekedzo yegungwa Pfekenura hwokungotsvaka hupenyu subregion zvoupfumi. Heano zvinokosha kugadzira Mazinga, uyewo huru dzine zvokurima. Sezvingatarisirwa, zviri kumusha anongoda yose Vagari yacho subregion. Adobe nedzimba yevhu Uriri uye sandara matenga, kwakapararira kumaruwa. Cities uyewo vane maitiro kwazvo pakuonekwa. Naizvozvo, ethnography uye jogirafi voga sezvo vakaparadzana kwemarudzi Arabic Style guta. It kunoratidzwa kupesana kupinda kare uye itsva chikamu. North Africa, dzimwe nguva anonzi Maghreb, asi ichi hachisi yakarurama zvachose.

upfumi

Pari ari subregion vane 15 akazvimirira anoti. Republics uri 13 vavo. Most nyika North emuAmerica underdeveloped. In Libya uye Algeria kuti upfumi iri yakati yakatanga nani. Munyika idzi pane chinokosha dziripo negasi uye mafuta, izvo nhasi ndivo inopisa chinokosha pamusoro musika nyika. Mining dombo phosphate zvaishandiswa pakugadzira fetiraiza, iri kuita Morocco. Niger chikuru uranium exchange mugadziri, asi anoramba mumwe varombo nyika North Africa.

Vadukuduku vakawanda kumaodzanyemba kwenyika subregion. Agricultural vanogara anogara oases umo huru chinokosha uye nevatengi tsika ndiro zuva muchanza. Chete verblyudovodov-muArabhu anogona kuwanikwa navamwe nzvimbo, uye kunyange panguva iyoyo kwete pose pose. The Libyan uye Algerian chikamu Sahara, pane gasi uye mafuta minda.

Narrow "upenyu bhendi" dzaNairi mumupata chete wedged mugwenga kure nechokumaodzanyemba. Nokuti kukura kweEgypt inokosha chaizvo chaiva kuvakwa Nile Aswan hydro pamwe hwokugadzira uye upfumi rubatsiro kubva USSR.

West Africa

Sub-kumatunhu yacho chinokunakidza nesu - yakati yakafara nyaya, saka isu pokugumira mupfupi noruzhinji yavo. Enda rinotevera Sub-nharaunda - West Africa.

Pano ndivo savanna mapazi ose dzinopisa mumarenje uye nyorovera masango ichinaya, izvo riri pakati muGulf of Guinea uye Sahara gwenga. Ndicho chikuru Sub-munharaunda kondinendi tichitarisa vemo uye mumwe kupfuura munharaunda. Natural ezvinhu pano vari siyana chaizvo, uye dzinza Zvinoumba vomunzvimbo ndiyo yakaoma zvikuru - rinotaura zvakasiyana Narody Afriki. The subregion kare raiva nzvimbo inokosha kwevaranda. Pari zvino pane kunokudziridzwa zvokurima, hwaimiririrwa kugadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana nevatengi uye miti mari zvirimwa. Uko subregion uye indasitiri. The kupfuura mberi kwayo bhizimisi - mugodhi.

Vagari West Africa

Maererano 2006 data, vagari West Africa - vanhu mamiriyoni 280. In sezvamunoita, zviri multi-kwemadzinza. Kudeuka boka redzinza - iri vulof, vaMandingo, Serer, Moss, Songhai, Fulani uye Hausa. Runodiwa yakakamurwa pamwe mitauro mitsetse kupinda 3 metagruppy - Nilo-Saharan, Niger-Congo uye Afro-Asian. Mitauro yokuEurope ari subregion zvakafanana Chirungu uye chiFrench. Mapoka chikuru vemo nechitendero - vaMuslim, vaKristu uye zvemitupo.

Emari West Africa

All States kuti vari pano - dzichiri kusimukira. Sezvatakamboreva, akasiyana chaizvo zvemari Sub-kumatunhu Africa. Tafura kumusoro anopa hunhu yakadaro inokosha upfumi chokukomborerwa yacho tiri kuziva reserves goridhe sei (Data 2015). For West African States muna tafura ichi vanosanganisira Nigeria, Ghana, Mauritania uye Cameroon.

A aitungamirira basa iri pakusikwa GDP ari subregion reDare zvokurima uye mugodhi. Zvicherwa chipo kuWest Africa - mafuta, simbi mhangura, bauxite, ndarama, manganese, phosphates uye mangoda.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Kubva wenyaya iyi Sub-nharaunda zviri pachena kuti inoremekedzwa nechepakati chikamu kondinendi (Equatorial). The zvachose nzvimbo mudunhu iri 6613 zviuru. ^Km2. nyika 9 chete vari Central Africa: Gabon, Angola, Cameroon, Congo uye Democratic Republic of Congo (izvi zviviri zvakasiyana inoti), muSão Tomé nePríncipe, Chad, Central African Republic uye Equatorial Guinea. Uyewo pano ndiyo chitsuwa St. Helena, riri mhiri ndima UK.

States of Central Africa dziri munzvimbo savanna uye nyorovera masango ichinaya, izvo zvakakanganisa zvikuru kukura kwavo mune zvoupfumi. Izvi Sub-dunhu - mumwe vakapfuma chicherwa zvokushandisa dzoga, kwete chete muna Africa asi munyika yose. The kwemadzinza Zvinoumba vomunzvimbo, mukusiyana kune yapfuura nharaunda iri rekuchikoro. Mapfumbamwe zvegumi mairi Narody Afriki, zvake ari dzeChirungu dzaiva, vari chokuita nomumwe.

upfumi yacho subregion wacho

All States of subregion, maererano UN kupatsanura, vari kukura. In pakusikwa GDP chikuru basa reDare zvokurima uye mugodhi. Panyaya iyi, kuMadokero uye Central Africa akafanana. Zvicherwa akapora pano - cobalt, manganese, mhangura, nedhaimani, ndarama, negasi, mafuta. The subregion rine zvakanaka hydropower zvinogona. Uyezve, zvinokosha dondo mari pano.

Ndivo chikuru zviri Central Africa.

East Africa

Zvinonzi munzvimbo dzinopisa uye subequatorial okunze. East Africa anoenda kuIndian Ocean, saka hazvina refu akaramba kutengeserana ukama Arab nyika uye India. The chicherwa upfumi subregion zvisinganyanyi kukosha, asi zvinonyatsorehwa kusiyana zviwanikwa kukuru. Ndizvo zvikurukuru anosarudza nzira dzakasiyana avo kushandiswa zvoupfumi.

Vagari East Africa

East Africa - mubatanidzwa wezvidimbu chaizvo subregion ethnically. Miganhu yenyika vazhinji akaisa pamadiro akare masimba dzayaitonga. Panguva iyoyo tsika uye madzinza, iyo ine vagari East Africa, havana vaiona. Nokuda Misiyano iri magariro mazwi iyi Sub-nharaunda ine zvainoreva zvinogona kuti kunetsana. Kazhinji pakava nehondo, kusanganisira ndokuendeswa.

South Africa

It iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika yacho inova zvikuru kure Asia, America uye Europe, asi anoenda kugungwa nzira, hamvuropu iri kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica. Izvi Sub-nharaunda riri muna subtropical uye dzinopisa latitudes of Southern Hemisphere. Pane chinokosha yakawanda zviwanikwa, kunyanya mira kubva chicherwa-vapfumi. South Africa (South Africa) - huru "chinoumba" yacho subregion. Ndicho chete zvemari dzakabudirira nyika pamusoro kondinendi.

Vagari youpfumi South Africa

A chinokosha uwandu chavagari yeSouth Africa ndiyo European mavambo. DzeChirungu dzaiva vanhu dzinoumba Ruzhinji rwakapindura vagere subregion. The vomunzvimbo iri kazhinji murombo, asi mhepo motokari, pane chakanaka vashanyire kwezvivako mabasa zvinobudirira hwakatogadzwa kuSouth Africa, nomumbure migwagwa. Mining, uyewo deposits endarama, Platinum, nengoda uye nezvimwe zvicherwa anoumba nomuzongoza hwenyika. Uyezve, South Africa iri kuramba kukura ano, tourism uye mukugadzira.

In mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, kuti kondinendi yose haasi tsime kubudirira mune zvoupfumi. vagari vemo ari kuparadzirwa vanoiswa. Pari, vanhu vanenge mabhiriyoni mumwe kugara ino zvakafanana Africa. Subregions yakanga isu muchidimbu kurondedzerwa. Mukugumisa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kondinendi iri kuonekwa musha wemadzitateguru vanhu: pano Vakawana kare zvasara mangwanani hominids uye madzitateguru avo zvinobvira. Pane sayenzi chaiyo African Studies, izvo inodzidza tsika, zvematongerwo enyika, zvoupfumi uye matambudziko evanhu Africa.