Abiogenesis, uye kuti coacervates dzakadaro

Muverengi ano angava mutsigiri upi dzidziso kwakabva upenyu Panyika - kubva muchadenga kukukurwa dzidziso kusingagumi kwenzanga. Asi muverengi mafungiro vanofanira kuziva kuti masayendisiti vanoomerera pamberi prebiotic nguva pakugadzirwa upenyu siyana - abiogenesis. Uye huru yokungotaura hwaro panyaya iyi ndiyo dzidziso Oparin-Haldane dzidziso kana coacervate madonhwe. Chii uye chii coacervates tiivistelmä dzidziso abiogenesis muna shanduka kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvose - munyaya ino.

The chidzoke rokuti

Kururamiswa coacervates Dzidziso masayendisiti Russian pakati mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, A. I. Oparinu. Muna 1924 akabudisa basa rake pamusoro migumisiro pakudzidza zvinogadzirisa, nomuti mukuru-samolecular yeimwe. Akaratidza kuti zvinoumba yakatsiga mapazi ose akakwidziridzwa kuwanda zvinhu izvi, makatumidzwa coacervates mu zvipenyu. Chii coacervate mumate - mukuru-samolecular fuma iri morekuru (mapuroteni) ayo akaumba kumativi "bhachi" mvura uye vakaderera samolecular uremu yeimwe.

Pfungwa Oparin-Haldane

Izvi anonzi coacervate coacervation. Chii dzidziso Oparin kuti coacervates uye kweBhaibheri muna 1929 na wokuEngland George. Haldane, uye kuti mazita avo vakapinda muzita prebiotic kemisitiri, kana nguva upenyu panyika. Inoti kwatangwa mukuru-samolecular Organic zvinhu mukutanga paumbwe zvomumhepo uye lithosphere yedu.

Experiment pamwe primordial muto

Muna 1953, mishonga Stanley Miller uye Harold Urey K yakasarudza akamisa chifananidzo kuedza mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana muzvinhu sezvamunoita uye mamiriro ezvinhu prebiotic Panyika. In chinu vanoiswa musanganiswa methane, amoniya, sehydrogen, uye mvura wakaradzikwa. By achipfuura kuitika kuburikidza mhinduro (kusvika 60 zviuru a) kupomba nevezera uye kuwedzera kupisa kusvika 80 Celsius, vakagamuchira anoverengeka amino acids, urea nezvimwe Organic yeimwe. Muna 1954, India akagamuchira kemisiti K. Bahadur organics kana kutarisana chiedza chezuva. About dzidziso prebiotic shanduka uye chii coacervates Ndakadzidza uye akataura yose.

Gelatin regirazi

Chii coacervates nyore kufananidzirwa nokusanganisa gelatin, sealbumin kana chingamu Arabic uye mvura. Pakutanga pachena mhinduro kuva turbid pakutanga, uye ipapo vachava vashoma clumps akayangarara ari kugadzirisa. Ndiyo kutanga coacervates. yeimwe kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa? Vakaparadzana nezvimedu anogona adsorb chepfu zvakasiyana siyana uye kuva pachena muronga chimiro kuti anosarudza kwavo munhu akazvimiririra. In nedanho namakemikari shanduka ndiko kusarudzwa mudanga zvikuru chimiro, rwakazokura hwaro nokuda chidzoke upenyu siyana.

Kubva coacervate kune unicellular

The chikuru munyanza ari prehistoric nguva varipo vekutanga ubatanidzwewo vasave nharaunda yacho PARTICIPLE. Ivo kuudzawo vezvenhau zvinhu (zvikabva ane zvakawanda yakaoma muviri), kurumidza dziparare kana kuramba akaperera. The mumate kukura (kuwedzera kukura) uye yakapatsanurwa. Zvino pane sechivako yepamusoro kurongeka - duku nemavhinga mupenyu, izvo zvagara zvinowanika mune dzinotsanagura kwetunhu uye kuora, budiriro, kukura uye kubereka. Kubva nguva ichi pakutanga kukura kwayo risingakanganwiki upenyu Panyika.

Dambudziko coacervate dzidziso

Zvose izvi wakanaka dzidziso. Asi pasinei nokubudirira zvipenyu vake kusimbiswa, zvose kuti nhasi tine vakasikwa primordial muto, kure upenyu chaihwo uye masero marongerwo. Kunyange yakasimbiswa muna 2008 neAmerican zvipenyu "protocell" uye Japanese vesicle pamwe Kamudzira, kukwanisa zviparadzanise (2011), hazviratidzi kuti zvose zvakanga mabhiriyoni akawanda kudaro makore apfuura pamusoro redu. kuedza zvose izvi chete kupa zvokudya kuvaka hypotheses napo abiotic Nguva shanduka woupenyu.

chiitiko improbability

British yemasvomhu Fred Hall zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndingangokuvara netsaona kwakabva kurarama masero primordial muto. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti Masvomhu ake, iye akaunganidza yose zvombo makombiyuta ano. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, mukana uyu 1/10 * 40000. Uyu kunyora nezvavo yakawanda, izvo zvinoderedza mukana wokuti chiitiko akadaro anenge asina.

fungidzira zviitiko

Relativity asi hapana ramiswa, uye mienzaniso mishomanana unoshamisa kuchabatsira kuratidza sei zvachose incredible tichitaura masvomhu achiri zvinoitika. Somuenzaniso, kana vanhu vakararama 100 000 makore, kuti ndizvo 100% (ndiko kuti, pasina chakasara) vakafa mutsaona yendege. Asi chaiyo chokwadi - Million mukana kuhwina rotari iri US Cool hauonekwi zvakarurama uye zviri 1 kusvika 000. A 5200 American Valerie Wilson muna 2002 uye muna 2006 akahwina mubayiro wokutanga. Kana mumwe muenzaniso - muBulgaria muna 2009, basa rakanga raitwa nomunhu kuongorora ari rotari "6 41". Uye zvose nokuda musiyano mazuva mana circulations siyana ati regwede nhanhatu fanana digits. Mukana wakadaro chiitiko - 3,61 • 10 ^-14. Saka incredible kuitika pamusoro redu.