Violinist Yasha Heyfets: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu, upenyu nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Yasha Heyfets - gitare naMwari. Ndosaka kuri kunzi. Uye mufaro zvaakanyora dzakapiwa yakafanira unhu. Teerera izvi kupenya muimbi, vanonakidzwa mabasa ake Saint-Saens, Sarasate, Tchaikovsky uye kudzidza pamusoro hwake. Kutaurwa nezvake kuti kuchengetwa.

udiki

Joseph Ruvimovich (Yasha) Heifetz akaberekerwa Vilnius, muna Russian Empire muna 1901. baba vake vakauya guta rino kubva kuPoland, uye makore matatu akatanga kudzidzisa mwanakomana wake, kuti achengete gitare uye uta. Uye aiva tichizviongorora akadzidzisa muimbi, uye akashanda chikamu nguva pamichato uye dzimwe mhemberero. Mwana yave akamutsvoda naMwari, akamupa zvose - kunzwa, mimhanzi ndangariro, chido kushanda uye utano. Mumakore mana zvaida kudzidza mudzidzisi Vilna Malkin. Mumakore mashanu, Yasha Heyfets akatotanga kutaurwa pachena, uye sei! Kupfuura akaoma. Yakanga pachikoro mumhanzi. Pamberi vadzidzisi uye kushanyira mwana akaridza "cheufundisi Fantasy" Singel. Sezvo mwana aigona kupinda mumba mweya chigadzirwa, tichidzivisa rwokugadzira zvikanganiso? Sezvo mwana haatyi kumira pamberi akura vateereri kuda mumwe pachikuva? Izvi chete zvinogona wafungidzira. Mumakore masere iye akaita pamwe mumhanzi konzati pamusoro Mendelssohn-Bartholdy.

Muna St. Petersburg Conservatory

Mumakore mapfumbamwe (!) Yasha Heyfets kare kudzidza panguva Conservatory. Mari kwemahofisi uye kurovedza akapa vechiJudha nenzanga Vilna. Kwapera gore, akatanga muchinangwa ari Small Hall of Conservatory. Zvino kwaiva kuita panguva Pavlovsk yemapurisa uye rwokuparidza muna Odessa, Warsaw uye Lodz. Mumakore gumi Yasha akanyora nhoroondo yokutanga. Zvaiita Schubert uye Dvorak. Iye akabata Concerts muBerlin uye muna kuDresden, Hamburg uye Prague. Aiva nemakore gumi nerimwe okuberekwa, uye violin yakanga isati mukuru, asi vatatu mumativi, asi mutambo yakarova kudekara uye virtuosity. Uyezve, vose vatsoropodzi akataura kuti iye anodudzira executable. Saka yakatanga Yasha Heyfets. Kukura waivako unyanzvi nepo kusvetuka uye miganhu. Muna 1913 akanga atova anoita muimbi yakasimbiswa, uye zvakaoma ake ikoko mhuri yose. The War World First akamuwana Germany. Tanetseka chaizvo, iye akakwanisa kudzoka kunyika yokumusha kwavo. Uye kare muna 1916, apo akanga ari kushanyira muNorway, akakokwa America. Mushure vagura kuRussia Vladivostok, mhuri Heifetz nechikepe Japan uye zvadaro kuUnited States.

America

Yake yokutanga chitarisiko October 17, 1917 pa Carnegie Hall akapfuura usingatsananguriki kubudirira. Pazvinhu mutambo wayo nechido yarova mumapepanhau uye kutsoropodza. Chaiva mhedziso uko chero violinist aifanira nharo, asi muduku muimbi aiva atova akakwana munzira dzose. Kurira chiridzwa chake rakanga akasiyana, kuurayiwa chakaoma zvikuru nendima unyanzvi kwakanga kwakakwana, upamhi melodic zvirevo zvaiita zvisingaperi, ayo panhongonya pakarepo raputika. Akava chifananidzo American.

Makore maviri gare gare, akakwanisa kutenga yake yokutanga Stradivarius. Gare gare, akarota dzimwe gitare pamusoro muuki, uye ipapo Guarneri. Kwavari, airidza unozotevera upenyu hwake hwose.

Kwadzakabva kuAmerica yaiva nyore. Heyfets Yasha akatanga kutaura akasununguka, akatenga motokari, chikepe, kutamba tenesi uye havazodi nguva yaungapedzera mimhanzi. Izvi pakarepo mapiro ake mutambo. Asi jaya aikurumidza kugadzirisa kutadza. Ndairidza ndichiri incredible gitare. Yasha Heyfets muna 1925 akava United States mugari.

muchato

Muna 1929 akaroora. Mudzimai aiva American Movie nyeredzi Florence Arto. Muna 1930, vaviri vacho vechiduku aiva mwanasikana Josefa, uye makore maviri gare gare - mwanakomana Robert.

Pandakatenderera basa

Mumakore 20-30 akafamba navo Concerts pose. 1920 - London, 21 - Australia, 22 ndipo - Britain, yechi23 - East, 24 ndipo uye 25 ndipo - England, 26th - South America uye kuMiddle East. Akapotsa haana kuitika kumba, kugara mumahotera munzendo dzake. Aidavira kuti, sezvo vakanga kaviri akashanyira mwedzi - kuti pakureba pakutengeserana kwayo. Muna 1933 aitambisa mumhanzi of New York Philharmonic. Kukavapo kondakita kukuru Arturo Toscanini. Airidza gitare concerto "The Muporofita", kuna munyori pachake.

Relations neSoviet Motherland

The delicacy uye nokungwarira, ungwaririre mashoko ake Heifetz akabvumira kuramba ukama hwakanaka nehurumende yeSoviet. Muna 1934, iye wakapfuura Nazi Germany kuMoscow uye Leningrad, uye akaramba kushanda munyika, iyo vaipinda debut kwayo uye apo rainzi shure mumakore okutanga, "Mutumwa gitare." Asi muna Soviet Union, akapa Concerts matanhatu uye akasangana vadzidzi Conservatory. Aine kunzwisisa soro unyanzvi hwake zvakadzama vakaita kuti aurayiwe vatsoropodzi Soviet. Maziviro yakazorega hwokugadzira matambudziko rechi24 Paganini nokushanduka-shanduka, hapana akatsauswa. Heifetz mutambo wainzi ikapenya.

upenyu Personal

Muna 1938 Heyfets Yasha yakatanga vakakokwa kupfura firimu. Akanga achangobva achitamba pachake.

Makore maviri gare gare Akatenga imba mhuri mbiri. Mumwe akanga asiri kure Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, uye mumwe - iri Pacific kurutivi mahombekombe muna Malibu. Zvadaro akatanga kudzidzisa paUniversity Southern California. Asi kubhendi basa hakugumiri. Anoenderera kushanyira South America uye, chokwadi, panguva yehondo akashanda muzvipatara.

Muna 1945, Heifetz unoramba mukadzi wake, uye pave mhuri itsva Francis Spiegelberg nemaviri. In muchato uyu akaberekwa ari mwanakomana waJosefa. Muna 1950 nayo akabvisa mumwe firimu pamusoro Heifetz misangano vadzidzi University of California.

Trip kuna Israeri

Muna 1953, musi rwavakaita muIsraeri, akabatanidza rondedzero kunoshamisa Munyori, asi yokuGermany Richard Strauss. Akabvunzwa haana kuridza ichi gitare sonata "yechiFascist" munyori. Zvisinei, Heyfets Yasha, violinist muJudha, ane mafungiro akasiyana, uye haana kushandura chirongwa chacho. Kwaari akatanga kugamuchira tsamba kutyisidzira uko ari violinist chikuru haina kuriteerera. Pashure mumwe anoratidza iye akadyiwa yesimbi nomuzariro jaya. Heifetz akaedza kuramba kubva kuparadza inokosha uye kufarira tambo, asi akanga akakuvara. magariro ichi uye haana kusungwa, kunyange ane muchiongororwa akanga akatakurwa kunze. kurudyi rwake violinist kukuvara, uye akanga refu makumi makore haana kuuya Israeri.

MuUnited States

Pakazosvika 60th gore, apo fiddler akapinda, chii chinonzi, muchizvarwa, iye kwakaderedza nhamba Pandakatenderera zvesimba. Asi izvi ndanyarara hangu nokuti mimhanzi kuti mafirimu, kunyange akanyora akakurumbira rwiyo chiedza, somunhu akanga ngochani. Heifetz zvakare vakaimbisa kwenguva yakati ari "Metropolitan Opera". Muna 1962, iye akarambana nomudzimai wake, asi achangoroora haana kuuya. Kwemakore 68, haachisiri kuita, vachiti akanga arasa kufarira mhenyu zvesimba uye pakazosvika 1972 chose zvakazara pachake kudzidzisa. First akadzidzisa vadzidzi kumayunivhesiti, gare gare, pedyo makore makumi masere, kupa zvidzidzo dzakavanzika pamusha wake Beverly Hills. Aiva mudzidzisi nomutsa, yakawandirwa chaizvo uye oma. Of kukosha nyaya kuti vanonoka kuti chidzidzo akapfiga mukova kumba kwake, uye kuti vasarasikirwa makirasi. Akabvunza vadzidzi Yedzidzo zvakarurama uye chepamutemo masutu. Vasikana - kushoma pakati masikirwo uye zvishongo. Dirty gitare vakawanda havabvumirwi. For kutyorwa, akatora Zvirango akauya kubatsira vaya vanoshayiwa. Iye akadzidzisa kunoshamisa vatambi vakawanda.

Studio wake Kolnborskoy kuchikoro chinhu. Rinoshandiswa kuitisa tenzi makirasi. masvingo izvi, vachiyeuka yokudhirowa huru, akafuridzira vadzidzi vari mubasa Conservatory.

Mr. Heifetz, sezvo akasarudza kunzi, vakafa nesitiroko muna 1987. Aida kuti cremated nokuparadzira madota pamusoro penyanza. Guarneri gitare akaenda akakodzera vatambi ndiani kutamba panguva San Francisco Museum, apo riri mudziyo pachayo.

Izvi paanopedzisa tsanangudzo mararamiro vaiimba mukuru akafanana Yasha Heyfets. Biography wake uchazara mumhanzi basa, waiva chinoumba hwake.