Zviratidzo poriyo muvana uye vakuru

Poriyo - kusachengeteka kukuru nemavhairasi chirwere kuti kunoitika vainyanya kukanganisa pfumbu nyaya uropi, izvo zvinoita kuti pave paresis uye kuoma nhengo dzomuviri. Zviratidzo poriyo kunogona kuonekwa mune vana pasi makore 7, asi pedambudziko roku- pavo, zvadai, anodzokororwa uye vakuru.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Poriyo kunoratidzwa kusachengeteka kukuru chirwere pamusoro musana uye pfungwa hunde zvichiguma kukura paresis uye muviri, bulbar zvirwere. Zvirwere poriyo, zviratidzo izvo dzave kuzivikanwa kwenguva refu, zvikuru kunyenga XIX, kutanga pamusoro XX remakore. Panguva iyi, izvozvo akanyora hombe kupararira utachiona muAmerica uye Europe. Poriyo yakavhurwa 1908 Vienna, E. uye K. Popper Landštejn, uye akasika A. uye J. Seybinom ngaararame. Salk inactivated yokudzivirira inobvumirwa makore 50 apfuura, kuti kuderedza uwandu zviitiko apo zviratidzo vakanga dzakaonekwa poriyo vana.

Positive emuchina pakurwisa chirwere ichi mberi kuburikidza kushingaira majekiseni anodzivirira, kakawanda zviratidzo poriyo zvinochengeterwa chete nekotoroyh nyika - Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, India, Syria - apo muna 1988 nhamba yavo yakasvika 125. Uwandu kacho iyi nguva yakaderera kubva 350 000 zviitiko (izvo 17.5 zviuru kufa) kusvika 406 nyaya kuzivikanwa muna 2013. Western Europe, Russia uye North America nhasi ndiyo nzvimbo isina chirwere uye zviratidzo poriyo vanozivikanwa pano chete sezvo nguva dziri kure zviitiko.

exciter

Poriyo - akabatwa chirwere. The chikonzero zvinova poliovirus, chinotaura kuti enteroviruses. Dudzira matatu utachiwana mhando (I, II, III). Nokuti munhu uye tsoko pathogenic mhando I uye III. II kunogona zvimwe nemakonzo. RNA utachiwana rine, saizi raro 12 nm. Kugadzikana mune zvakatipoteredza - mvura, inogona kuchengetwa kusvika mazuva 100 mumukaka - 3 months, kusvika 6 mwedzi - murwere secretions. Kwakajairika des. zvinoreva basa, asi utachiona yava neutralized nokuda autoclaving, dzokubikira, kuona ultraviolet chiedza. Kana neshungu kuti 50 ° C Utachiona kufa mukati maminitsi 30. Kana utachiona munguva incubation nguva dzinogona kuonekwa muropa, 10 mazuva okutanga zvirwere - munhu pharyngeal swabs uye zvikuru kashoma - mune cerebrospinal mvura.

Kupfuudzwa mashandiro

Panobva chirwere muna poliomyelitis aigona kuva murume airwara, uye asymptomatic keriya utachiona (dzimwe nguva, mutakuri inogona achengeterwe mitatu - mwedzi mishanu mushure kupora). Utachiona ukasunungurwa kupinda nharaunda pamwe faeces murwere uye nasopharyngeal madzihwa. Nokuti poriyo akakodzera zvinotevera gwara:

• Pin;

• kuenda neherikoputa;

• fecal-nemumuromo.

Vakawanda achishandisa Kupfuudzwa ndiwo fecal-waiita - utachiona anopinda muviri kuburikidza utachiona maoko, midziyo, chikafu, mvura. Uyewo ngozi ndiyo madzihwa wasunungurwa nasopharynx varwere 2 pamazuva chirwere panguva 2 weeks vokutanga.

The susceptibility of Utachiona 0.2-1%, vakawanda kacho ndivo vana pasi makore 7. Yepamusoro kuitika rinowanikwa muzhizha uye kuwa.

zvinokonzera njodzi

Zvinhu muve kupararira chirwere zvingasanganisira:

• kushaya Utsanana tsika mwana;

• uwandu hwevanhu arambe achirema;

• murombo utsanana, kusanganisira mitemo utsanana hurumende iri nemasangano;

• kakawanda chirwere (anopfuura 4 pagore) mwana;

• immunodeficiency;

• yakaderera pamwero kubaya.

kupatsanura

Poriyo iri Classified maererano hunhu tsinga:

• nonparalytic chimiro - yokuvamba pasina zvinokosha maronda ose tsinga - meningeal, abortive (visceral) inapparatnaya (asymptomatic uye ane utachiona, izvo chete inogona tsunga nokuda Murabhoritari) chimiro;

• mutezo chimiro.

Uyewo, mitezo chimiro iri Classified ne nzvimbo lesion. anokudzwa:

• musana chimiro - dzinoratidzwa flaccid kuoma yayo, hunde, diaphragm, mutsipa;

• Pontina chimiro - yl unobuda zvizere haasaruri kurasikirwa zvaanoita chiso chake, sagging pakona muromo kurutivi chiso, lagophthalmos;

• bulbar - kunoratidzwa nemashoko havachanyatsogoni, kumedza, zvirwere kufema uye cardiac basa;

• Encephalitis - uye zvatichiri chepfungwa zviratidzo;

• yakavhenganiswa chimiro - pontospinalnaya, myasthenia, bulbopontospinalnaya.

Regedzeka kusiyanisa pakati munyoro, mwero, zvakakomba uye subclinical siyana.

incubation nguva

Incubation nguva, kana zviratidzo okutanga zvichigere akaratidza poriyo, kunotora 2 kusvika 35 mazuva. Kakawanda, ayo nguva mazuva 10-12, zvichienderana mwana nomumwe zvechadenga muviri. Panguva ino, kuburikidza Pavanopinda pamasuwo (vari pharynx uye zvomudumbu turakiti) utachiona anopinda intestinal node nodes, apo pane ayo kubereka. Pashure paizvozvo, inopinda muropa uye anotanga padariro viremia panguva iyo chirwere anoparadzira yose muviri uye kunokanganisa pangozi zvikuru zvikamu izvozvo. Kana poriyo ndiyo runyanga pamberi musana uye masero myocardial.

Zviratidzo meningeal chimiro

Meningeal uye abortive siyana zvimiro vasiri mitezo poriyo. Zviratidzo zvokutanga poriyo muna vana meningeal fomu nguva dzose kuonekwa unopinza. Tembiricha kwemaawa anoverengeka achisimuka 38-39 °. Iva zviratidzo manyorerwo nevakariri chando - chikosoro, mucous kana serous nasal buditsa. Kana uchiriona huro segwapa hyperemia, tonsils uye palatal Pazvibato kungava Dombo. At kukwirira tembiricha inogona kuva kuda kurutsa, kurutsa. Zvadaro, tembiricha madonhwe, uye mazuva maviri kana matatu, mwana wacho nemamiriro anenge kudzikamiswa.

Uchiteverwa akadzokorora nefivha, uye zviratidzo poriyo vane vakasiyana - ipapo hope, kuvhiringidzika, lethargy, nomusoro, kurutsa. Kune meningeal zviratidzo: akanaka chiratidzo kerning (avete shure murwere ndeyokubvisa gumbo panguva ibvi uye muhudyu vadyi pa necheparutivi pamusoro 90 °, uye kuti nemhaka tsandanyama makakatanwa zvisisakwanisiki kutwasanudza ibvi), nomutsipa mukukutu tsandanyama (hazvibviri avete shure kwake kusvika chirebvu kuti chipfuva ).

abortive chimiro

Zviratidzo poriyo muna vana abortive fomu titange kuonekwa zvakakomba. Against yakakwirira tembiricha (37,5-38 °) vakachengeta zvakawanda zvive, lethargy, kutemwa kuvashivirira. Kune vashoma catarrhal mananara - chikosoro, runny mhino, akatsvuka huro angava abdominal marwadzo, uye kurutsa. Naizvozvo zvinogona kuva catarrhal angina, enterocolitis kana gastroenteritis. Kuti kuratidzwa intestinal kusiyanisa abortive poliomyelitis. Zviratidzo zviri chirwere muvana, muchiitiko ichi unowanzosangana vari waivapo intestinal toxemia maererano mhando manyoka kana korera. Neurologic Kuratidza chimiro ichi poriyo.

mutezo poriyo

chimiro ichi poriyo kunoitika zvikuru kwakanyanya siyana pamusoro uye zviipe kurapwa. Okutanga Zviratidzo chetsinga pamusoro poriyo vanotanga kuonekwa mazuva 4-10 pashure pakunzwisisa utachiwana, mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvi nguva inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika 5 masvondo.

In danho rinotevera kukura maperembudzi dzoga.

• Preparaliticheskaya. Inozivikanwa nokumutsa tembiricha kusvika 38,5-39,5 °, nomusoro, chikosoro, runny mhino, manyoka, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa. Mazuva 2-3 chaiko mamiriro, asi zvino mutsva kuwedzera kupisa inotanga 39 - 40 °. Against ichi kumashure pane simba nemusoro uye tsandanyama marwadzo, jerking pamusoro tsandanyama kuti kunogona kuonekwawo kunyange nemaziso, havachanyatsogoni kuziva. Nguva iyi kunotora mazuva 4-5.

• For mitezo Danho dzinoratidzwa kukura rutivi rwomuviri. Vanokurukura pakarepo uye vari runoratidzwa tisina basa kufamba. Zvichienderana Maumbirwe kusimukira muzvidimbu kuoma (kazhinji makumbo), hunde, mutsipa, asi utetsa inowanzopiwa asina kukanganiswa. Ya mutezo Danho zvichisiyana 1 kusvika 2 weeks.

• The rutapudzo zvishoma inobudirira kurapa kunoratidzwa rutapudzo of akaremara tsandanyama ishande. Chokutanga, izvi kunoitika nokukurumidza, asi ipapo aika iri seiyi. Nguva iyi inogona kugara kubva kuti matatu.

• In danho residual mananara kukanganiswa tsandanyama atrophy, contractures vari yakaumbwa uye yakatanga deformations siyana pamusoro hunde uye migumo, zvokuti kuzivikanwa sezvo poriyo zviratidzo vana. Photos dzinotaurwa pakudzokorora uku zvinoratidza danho iri zvakajeka.

musana chimiro

It kunoratidzwa ne rikwanise kungoitika (tembiricha inokwira kusvika 40 ° uye, mukusiyana nedzimwe mhando zvachose). Mwana lethargic, adynamic, kutsimwaira, asi zvinokwanisika uye hyperexcitability (somunhu mutemo, zviratidzo zvakawanda raidudzwa vana vaduku chaizvo), nokugwinha. Pane vaingoerekana kurwadziwa dzakaderera kuviri, kuipa kana kuchinja nzvimbo muviri, marwadzo kumashure uye mutsipa tsandanyama. On ongororo, zvinoratidza zviratidzo bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis. Kune chepfungwa zviratidzo, hypersensitivity (yakawedzera paakasangana dzakasiyana-siyana utachiona). By nekudzvanya pamusoro nomuzongoza, kana panzvimbo fungidziro kunoitika etsinga hunde dzacho marwadzo.

At mazuva 2-4 kubva pakutanga chirwere kuitika dzomuviri. Kana poriyo, vane zvinotevera zviri:

• asymmetry - pokukundwa pemipata pamusoro mhando ruoko rworuboshwe - tsoka rworudyi;

• waMosesi - haina kukanganiswa richiripo tsandanyama;

• neb kana ndisipo mudzira hunenge;

• kuderera mune tsandanyama matauriro kusvikira atony, asi utetsa haisi vasingadzoreki.

The nedambudziko muzvidimbu hapana, cyanotic, kutonhora kuti ikabatwa. Marwadzo chirwere kunotungamirira ndechokuti mwana anotora kumanikidzwa mamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvinozoita kunova mhaka mangwanani contractures.

Kuzoita injini mashandiro kutange 2 vhiki chirwere, asi izvi mberi refu uye gogonera. Ataurwa maronda zvinyama trophism, stunting muzvidimbu, vadyi wakarebesa, atrophy pamusoro mapfupa tishu. Chirwere Rinotora makore 2-3.

bulbar fomu

Bulbar chimiro iri ichazivikanwa noku chaizvo rikwanise Pazvinotanga. Preparaliticheskaya Danho iye hariwanzotaurwa. Tikafunga ihosha huro, uye pakarepo akasimuka yakakwirira nhamba (39-49 °) pane chetsinga zviratidzo:

• laryngeal rutivi rwomuviri - kutyorwa pakuparadza uye phonation;

• kufema zvirwere;

• kufamba kusagadzikana pakati eyeballs - uye zvido zvevanhu nystagmus rotarny.

The chirwere chinogona kuoma nokuda nemabayo, atelectasis, myocarditis. Zvinogonekawo pave gastrointestinal ropa, intestinal mhingaidzo.

Pontin fomu

Pontina chimiro kunoitika nokuda poriyo utachiona pachiso lesion, zvinoyerera, uye dzimwe nguva tsinga dzose trigeminal (V, VI, VII, majoko ose cranial tsinga). Izvi zvinotungamirira kuoma tsandanyama anokonzera chiso chedu, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye masticatory tsandanyama. Akaora chinotaurwa mune asymmetry pamusoro tsandanyama dzechiso, rimire nasolabial Nhindi, kushaya chinjikira wrinkles pahuma, ptosis (vachirembedza) iri pakona muromo kana remakore, ayo kukwana kuvhara. Zviratidzo kuva pachena kana ukaedza kunyemwerera, maziso enyu kana kudza pamatama.

mabatiro

Marapiro nokuti poriyo ariko. Kana kuisa nechirwere murwere ari vakabvuma kuti chipatara utachiona, apo rinopa mumuviri uye mupfungwa zororo. In preparalitichesky uye mutezo nguva vaishandisa unonyaradza marwadzo uye diuretics, maererano zviratidzo kupiwa Anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka, kana corticosteroids. Kana pakuparadza basa nyonganyonga - chubhu kudyisa, zvaipesana kufema - the ventilator. The kupora nguva akanzwirwa muviri kurapa, masaja, physiotherapy, mavhitaminzi uye nootropics, pachipatara pacho kurapwa.

dziviriro

Poriyo ndomumwe wevaya zvirwere zviri nyore kudzivirira pane mushonga. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pachishandiswa kubaya. MuRussia, vachangozvarwa zvose vanoita mushonga uyu. Vaccination rinoitwa mumatanho akawanda - muna 3 uye 4,5 mwedzi mwana majekiseni ane inactivated mushonga. Pana 6, 18, 20 mwedzi, muitiro inodzokororwa vachishandisa mhenyu mushonga. Last kubaya rinoitwa mumakore 14. Uye regai kuchipotsa, nekuti, pasinei kuti aidavira kuti poriyo ngozi chete nokuda vana, ichi hachisi kudaro, sezvo iri nyaya poriyo chirwere zviratidzo zviri vakuru vane raidudzwa chaizvo uye ngozi.

Panoongororwa Kudzivirira chirwere chinhu chinokosha nenguva murwere nevamwe, kumuisa kwake oga uye kutarisira kuti 3 kwemavhiki kuti kuonana boka, zvaidiwa utsanana.

Saka, zvatakurukura yakakwana akadzama chii zviratidzo poriyo ipapo, uye chii kuita kudzivisa chirwere ichi.