Wokutanga chiratidzo hurongwa - chii? Wokutanga Mureza hurongwa munhu maererano Pavlov

Nyika yakatipoteredza tinoona kuburikidza maviri hurongwa: wokutanga uye chiratidzo chechipiri.

Nokuti mashoko pamusoro mamiriro nhengo uye kwokunze ezvinhu rokutanga chiratidzo hurongwa anoshandisa zvose pfungwa dzomunhu: kubata, kuona, kunhuwidza, kunzwa uye kuravira. Wechipiri, vaduku, aramu hurongwa unokubvumira kuona nyika kuburikidza kutaura. kukura kwayo kunoitika pamusana uye pavanoparidza rokutanga nedanho emunhu uye kukura. Munyaya ino tichakurukura chii pakutanga chiratidzo hurongwa, sei inokudziridza uye mabasa.

Sezvazvakanyorwa zvinoitika mhuka?

mhuka dzose anogona kushandisa mumwe chete mashoko pamusoro dzakapoteredza chokwadi uye kuchinja mamiriro, unova wokutanga chiratidzo hurongwa. Kunze nyika akauya kuburikidza zvinhu siyana vane siyana kwemakemikari uye mumuviri zvivako, akadai ruvara, kwakanaka, kuumba, et unto., Uve vakaumbwa anonongedzera, vachinyevera muviri kuchinja vanoda kuchinja. Somuenzaniso, boka nondo dozing muzuva, munhuwi chikara inovandira payakakurudzirwa kubhururukira kure uye atiza. The vakurukurirane raiva chiratidzo ichiuya.

Saka, muna mhuka yakakwirira kutanga (vakaumbwa dzepanguva) zvichikurukura hurongwa - ane kuratidzwa yakarurama kunze kwenyika, vachibvumira kodzero sei kuchinja uye zvinoenderana navo. yake zviratidzo zvose anoenderana yakananga chinhu uye vari kongiri. Riine hunenge vanoumba hwaro ane chepuraimari nyaya kupa mhuka mafungiro, inoumbwa ino chaiyo hurongwa.

The chiratidzo yevanhu gadziriro rokutanga unoshanda sezvaiitwa kuti mhuka yepamusorosoro. Separate kushanda racho kuchengetwa chete vacheche, kubvira pakuzvarwa kusvika zera mwedzi mitanhatu, kana mwana ari hwandaiva munzanga ezvinhu. Inotungamirwa uye kusimudzira chechipiri chiratidzo gadziriro inoitwa pakuitika uye somugumisiro dzidzo uye munzanga aiita pakati vanhu.

Mhando huta basa

Man - kunzwisisa munhu, kare zvayo nhoroondo kukura kuburikidza kuchinja dzakaoma zvose anatomical uye vasiri, uye zvepfungwa marongerwo uye ushande. The kunzwisisa chose siyana pezvakaitwa mumuviri wayo, akatakurwa uye zvinodzorwa nerimwe anokosha vasiri hurongwa - huta.

Basa ino rakakamurwa dzakaderera uye yakakwirira. Nokuti kuzvidzora uye kurapa zvose zvomukati uye mugadziriro yomuviri anoenderana vanonzi nechepazasi huta basa. Kushamwaridzana zvinhu uye zvinhu chokwadi kuburikidza neuro-mupfungwa urongwa uye zvenhengo akadai ungwaru, maonero, mafungiro, mutauro, ndangariro, kufunga, raibva kuna yepamusorosoro kutya basa (GNI). kudyidzana uku kunoitika kuburikidza zvakananga kukanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro receptors Somuenzaniso, auditory kana kutarisana, pamwe mberi kupararira vakapiwa anonongedzera pakati tsinga, kubudiswa simba mashoko - pfungwa. Zvinokosha zvichikurukura musayendisiti Russian I. P. Pavlovym mhando iyi ainzi yokutanga zvichikurukura hurongwa. Nemhaka yake, akaita kuti zvibvire chidzoke uye kukura rechipiri chiratidzo gadziriro, nemamwe vanhu uye vawadzane anzwike (kutaura) kana kuonekwa shoko (akanyorwa).

Ndeipi yambiro hurongwa?

Zvichienderana zvakanyorwa yakakurumbira Russian physiologist uye musayendisiti I. M. Sechenova dzepanguva basa rokumusoro zvikamu uropi, I. P. Pavlov yakatanga dzidziso GNI - dzakanga kutya basa murume. Sezvo chikamu dzidziso iyi akagadzira pedyo pfungwa kuti ichi zvichikurukura hurongwa. Vari kunzwisisa sezvo wezvamatongerwe goko (isocortex) uropi zvivako vakaumbwa dzepanguva kwokubatana sezvo migumisiro siyana kuuya pulses kubva kwezvakatipoteredza kana kubva dzomuviri uye hurongwa. Ndizvo basa rokutanga zvichikurukura gadziriro nechinangwa nokushandisa Analytical uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa kwema kuziva zviratidzo kubva kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati ari vanovengwa kwokunze nyika.

Somugumisiro, magariro evanhu kukura uye mutauro kutora akasimuka uye kumhuka wechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa. With kukura mwana wacho psyche zvishoma nezvishoma mano kunzwisisa uye kuti kutaura kubereka sezvo migumisiro chidzoke uye nenzvimbo associative Links, zvinoita kana mashoko akataurwa pamwe kutsinga dzinouya nezvaunoona pamusoro vanovengwa kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.

Features wokutanga zvichikurukura hurongwa

In ino zvichikurukura maitiro senzira uye nzira yokukurukurirana, uye zvose nezvimwe maitiro kwakavakirwa pakarepo maonero vachigara chokwadi uye pakupindura zvikumbiro kwazviri munguva kudyidzana pulses. Wokutanga chiratidzo hurongwa wacho - ndiye mhinduro nekongiri kutsinga dzinouya kuratidzwa kubatsira receptors pamusoro venyika.

Chokutanga, pane kunzwa mumuviri upi mananara, zvivako kana zvinhu panoonekwa receptors upi mumwe kana kupfuura pfungwa. Ipapo unonzwa dzikwanise zvakawanda zvitarisiko dzakaoma - maonero. Yakanga chete pashure rechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa chichamiswa uye dzakabudirira, zvinokwanisika kuti kusika asina rakasungirirwa imwe chinhu kushandisa nzira kufungisisa, zvakadai pfungwa uye pfungwa.

Localization zvichikurukura hurongwa

Panguva dzose mashandiro maviri zvichikurukura hurongwa ndivo nzvimbo iri Hemisférios Cerebrais. Kugamuchirwa uye kubudiswa mashoko okutanga zvichikurukura hurongwa chinopa zvakarurama hemisphere. Sezvo maonero uye processing mashoko rukova rechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa zvinowanisa kuruboshwe hemisphere ndiye anokonzera musoro kufunga. Wechipiri (vanopfuura) aramu hurongwa hwomunhu kunobva STRUCTURAL kuvimbika uye inoshanda.

The ukama pakati chiratidzo nehurongwa

Wechipiri wekutanga chiratidzo maererano Pavlov nehurongwa vari kugara nekuita interconnected ne basa. Izvi imhaka yokuti pachishandiswa kutanga yakabuda uye vakava wechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa. Achibva zvakatipoteredza uye dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri rokutanga anonongedzera vari kuramba kusakarongeka wechipiri anonongedzera. Munguva kudyidzana kwakadai ndiko kwaita kuti zvisungo hunenge ane yepamusoro kurongeka, iyo pave dzichipfekeka ukama therebetween. Maererano dzakabudirira pfungwa pezvakaitwa uye nzira evanhu woupenyu munhu zvakawanda dzakabudirira rechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa.

Makuriro Danho

In nedanho munhu mupfungwa kukura vana vakaberekerwa izwi, wokutanga chiratidzo hurongwa anotanga kutora chimiro mumazuva mashomanana pashure pokuberekwa. Pazera mazuva 7-10, paumbwe wokutanga vakaumbwa hunenge. Saka, mwana anoita anomwa fambisa nemiromo yake asati mumuromo make munyatso. Riine hunenge kune auditory kuitika inogona kuumbwa pakutanga romwedzi upenyu wechipiri.

Mukuru mwana anova, zvikuru akakurumidza wakaumba vakaumbwa hunenge. Kuti kuva kuzoshanda remwedzi grudnichka paiva pfupi kubatana, zvinokosha kuita zvakawanda repetitions tinzwe unconditional uye riine kuitika. Muna miviri-mwedzi mitatu mwana chete reps shoma vanofanira kusika kwekanguva kubatana.

Chechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa anotanga kuoneka muvana pakati pemakore mumwe uye makore nehafu, kana pashure akadzokorora kutumidza zvinhu, pamwe nemuenzaniso wake, mwana anotanga kupindura shoko. In vana, totaura yakatsviriridza chete mumakore 6-7.

Changing mabasa

Saka, mukufamba mupfungwa nomumuviri kukura vana yose uduku yokuyaruka, pane kuchinja kukosha uye pakutanga pakati izvi zvichikurukura hurongwa. Pachikoro zera, uye kusvikira pakutanga pakuyaruka, wechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa anouya yakatsviriridza. Panguva yokuyaruka, nokuda zvaikosha hormone uye vasiri kuchinja mumuviri kuyaruka duku nguva yokutanga zvichikurukura gadziriro iri kutungamirira zvakare. By chesekondari, wechipiri chiratidzo hurongwa zvakare anotungamirira uye anochengeta kutungamirira nzvimbo yaro muupenyu hwavo, nguva dzose nani uye kukura.

ukoshi

, Wokutanga chiratidzo nyika vanhu, pasinei kuwanda mu vakuru rechipiri kwakakosha zvinhu zvakadai kwevanhu semitambo, unyanzvi, dzidzo uye basa. Pasina izvozvo, zvingava hazviiti kushanda muimbi uye emhizha, mumwe mutambi uye nyanzvi mutambi.

Pasinei kufanana ino mune vanhu nemhuka, pakutanga zvichikurukura mamiriro munhu - zviri yakaoma uye yakagozha marongerwo zvikuru, sezvo riri kugara kusakarongeka wechipiri harmonic.