Winter Palace muSt Petersburg: tsananguro, nhoroondo

Nhoroondo Winter Palace muSt Petersburg, uyewo nezvimwe zvivako zvakawanda muguta, anotanga munguva chevaux Peter I. Muna 1711, bhodhi mambo akavaka chinhu semvura dzokugara, iyo yainzi Winter Palace. Yakanga duku mbiri-storey imba ine padenga usina kukonekita uye yakakwirira berere ine matanho. Nhoroondo Winter Palace muSt Petersburg Zvinofadza chaizvo uye multi-pachikuva. Zvakanaka, yava nguva kutanga rwendo urwu kwenhau.

Second Winter Palace

Makore akapfuura, guta rakakura nokukurumidza, uye vanhu vachiwedzera, pedyo mambo (kureva mambo), akatanga kuvaka matunhu yavo muSt Petersburg. Peter I, Chokwadi, vaidawo munzvimbo yakasvibirira yezororo musha. Saka pakanga yakakurumbira Winter Palace muSt Petersburg. Chechipiri mumuzinda yakavakwa zvakanaka pedyo wokutanga murongedzeri I. Matarnovi. Mumuzinda paingova zvishoma kupfuura repakutanga; asi yakavakwa namabwe, asi vakawanda zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvakanga pano muna 1725, akafa chevaux Peter I. Information pamusoro Winter Palace muSt Petersburg akapona saka zvakanaka kuti chero nzvimbo anogona kutarisa nzvimbo yamambo rufu.

Third Winter Palace

Mapurani Domenico Trezzini akatora mazuvaano rechipiri Winter Palace anenge pakarepo pashure pokufa namambo. Chivako zvakazoonekwa zvechokwadi chikuru uye hombe. Second Winter Palace aiva kumadokero bapiro, uye pamusoro yetatu huru kamuri yava Hermitage Theater. Pamusoro Winter Palace muSt Petersburg, unogona kuudza zvakawanda, uye ndiko chete chiduku chakapatsanurwa vose nyaya huru.

chechina Palace

Historians chechina yamambo chokuita nezita Anny Ioannovny. Finicky Mambokadzi akanga vasingagutsikane chokwadi kuti vamwe Admiral Apraksin Palace kurei uye mupfumi kupfuura naye ... asi akanga asina guru zvakakwana uye zvakanaka kuti Her mambo. Mapurani Rastrelli akagadzirisa dambudziko iri sezvinotevera: nokuti wanamatira kumbova rechitatu muviri refu chaizvo mumuzinda. mamiriro ichi wakanzi "The wechina Winter Palace muSt Petersburg." tsanangudzo pfupi inotevera zvivako: mukuru mumuzinda pamwe pamadziro maviri yakaisvonaka. Zvechokwadi Rastrelli aiva matarenda mapurani.

Rechishanu nerechitanhatu yechiitiko

Wechishanu yamambo yakanga chete kwenguva pfupi, kwete zvikuru yemapuranga pokugara, rinova iri kure pamahombekombe Neva. Asi yechitanhatu yamambo yakanga chaizvoizvo rakanaka zvisingatsananguriki chikuru. Kazhinji, vose Winter Palace muSt Petersburg aiva itsva kuti nguva yaro. Panguva ino pamberi huru mapurani yave unbeatable zvakaoma: kutanga chirongwa mumuzinda uye vachiriteerera kwemakore maviri! Kwakadaro kwaiva chero paangodira ari ipapo Empress Elizabeth!

On retanhatu mumuzinda vakashandisa zviuru nyanzvi dzokugadzira, Painters, vashandi foundry, uye vamwe vakawanda. Huge nzvimbo uye zvinhu zvave dzinounzwa kuna zvinodiwa kuvakwa. Asi mukuru injiniya Rastrelli aiziva kuti kwemakore maviri haana kutarisira, uye akaramba akakumbira uyewo. Pakupedzisira, nokutambudzika kukuru, iye akakwanisa kuwana Empress amunzwire nokuda kwegore.

The rokusika shasha pamusoro Rastrelli

Pakupedzisira, ndokudzokera yakazara Winter Palace muSt Petersburg. A tsananguro pfupi iri izvi: yakakura kukura ounyanzvi. Mumuzinda aiva pamadziro maviri: mumwe akaenda munharaunda, mumwe - kusvikira Neva. Munguva anodziya nguva gore yamambo zvinoratidzwa pemvura yorwizi, iyo Anowanza migumisiro.

Genius Rastrelli zvakakwana pamuviri mukati marongerwo yamambo. Chaiva pamapuriro matatu. Zvayaiva nezuva rokutanga mahofisi pazuva rechipiri - iri staterooms uye chechi mbiri, uye pasi yechitatu rave dzinounzwa zvachose kudare. Kazhinji, mumuzinda, paiva 460 dzakasiyana makamuri, ine zvinoshamisa painoperera. Zvichida ichi imhaka rokusika ubanguranyika Rastrelli anogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti chinokosha kukwezvana St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Rufu Empress uye zvitsva muridzi youshe

Empress Elizabeth, sokuti mukusaziva kunzwa nokukurumidza kwaitika, saka aida basa rake kumuzinda achangogara apedza sezvinobvira. Zvisinei, iye akafa pfupi womuti mumuzinda wechishanu, uye havana kuona ake Winter Palace.

Muna 1761, muzinda "atora" chevaux Peter III. Aifara chaizvo pamwe chigamba mapurani iwe ichi uye akasarudza kukudza Rastrelli chinzvimbo Major General. Zvisinei, akakwira choumambo muna 1962 Catherine II akaparadza basa murongedzeri guru, uye aifanira kutama kuItari, apo iye akaramba kushanda pamusoro dzakagadzirirwa.

A zvishoma pamusoro nedanho chivakwa

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pakuvaka zviuru serfs vaibatanidzwa. Chete duku chakapatsanurwa vavo vakapiwa kodzero yokurarama uye hope panzvimbo yacho Winter Palace, asi ruzhinji anoiswa mumatumba zvakanaka pamusoro Admiralty paMaare. Sellers kuti chikamu cheguta, vachiona hype zvose izvi, rudo vanokosha mutengo zvokudya, uye kubhadhara kudya deducted kubva muhoro vashandi. Zvaisashamisa, uye kuti mushandi vakasiiwa chikwereti kuna vavanoshandira pashure PayDay. Uti, vamwe navavaki kunyange kunonyangarika rufu, saka zvinhu zvaiva dzakakura nokuvatema. Winter Palace muSt Petersburg, kufanana Great Wall of China, hurumende vakakumbira kwakanaka mugove mari. Panguva iyoyo, Russia yakanga hondo pamwe Prussia, kusimbisa zvombo akatendeuka zvakajairika hapana, nokuti mhizha vakawanda vaivapowo pakuvaka Winter Palace.

Kuvaka Winter Palace paiva rubles vanenge mamiriyoni 2,5, uye mumazuva iwayo Ruble yakanga inokosha chaizvo mari.

Fire muna Winter Palace

Muna 1837, zvakaitika dutu rinotyisa - yakanaka Winter Palace vakaputsa! Mhaka tsaona yakanga kukundikana muchimbini. Kwakakura moto dzaifara huru - maawa 30 akanga kudzima battalions inoverengeka Guards regiments, makambani maviri yamambo moto, boka yamambo grenadiers uye mazana "vezvikwata." Kuedza kuponesa yamambo pfuma, masoja nepaaigona kuisa zvidhinha musuo, kuedza kumisa moto, padenga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara nhindi imwe neimwe, kuti kukwanisa kudira mvura pamusoro, asi kushandisa chaiyo iri kuuya.

kudzorerwa mumuzinda

Kana moto akazofa pasi, zvaibvira kuwana chete masvingo uye ceilings zviri pasi rokutanga - zvose akanga akaremara kupfuura kukudzwa. Muna 1837 yakatangwa mabasa kudzorerwa, uko kwakaguma chete pashure pemakore matatu (Yeuka kuti munguva iyo Winter Palace yakavakwa kubva muvare). Uye pasinei nokuti basa ose zuva kubatanidzwa na 10 zviuru. Workers. Kubvira panguva yepakutanga akaitwa youshe akatora guru nguva yakawanda, zvakawanda vanodhirowa zvakanga zvarasika, uye ipapo ezvivako vaifanira tsvagiridza. Somugumisiro ari Winter Palace muSt Petersburg yekudyidzana kushandurwa, kutsvaga ano Kutarira zvinhu mapurani. Saka pakanga Chokwadi, "shanduro rechinomwe" yamambo. Description of Winter Palace muSt Petersburg zvinotevera: chena-nyoro chitarisiko yakawanda mbiru uye vanosangana nguva nenguva nezvishongo zvendarama.

Magetsi uye zvemukati mazuvaano

Panguva penguva 1869-1888, dzoushe munzira dzose ndiwedzere: telefoniziruyut, yakafadza, gazofitsiruyut, aite pombi mvura. Panzira, nokuti magetsi ari Winter Palace pamusoro wayo pauriri wechipiri yakavakwa simba chirimwa, izvo kwemakore 15 kwainzi makurusa muEurope.

Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu akasiyana modes youshe Aigara pasi upgrading richienda uye kupenda masvingo. Hapana mavara akadaro muraraungu chakarondedzera, iyo isina yakasvibiswa panguva Winter Palace. Somuenzaniso, panguva Second World War yamambo yakanga tikakavare akapfuma yakatsvuka.

Winter Palace nhasi

Nyaya Winter Palace muSt Petersburg anouya kupera. Zvino iripo iri kubatana pedyo dzemitambo uye chinoumba navo chete kunzwisisa "Hermitage". Ndiwo wokupedzisira, wechisere Bhaibheri. Simbe uye Zvaifadza dhigirii kodzero yokutarisira Kutarira kutaura nechivimbo kuti chinokosha kukwezvana St. Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Zvino zvikuru Winter Palace inozarurirwa kushanyirwa uye nhoroondo Tours. Description of Winter Palace muSt Petersburg, kubva mumuromo ruzivo wenhau zviri inonakidza. Vashanyi kodzero kunakidzwa zvakakwana kupetura choushe hall St. George, kuti Golden Room kana yakashongedzwa boudoir izere akawandisa magirazi uye zvishongo zvendarama. Uyewo munokosha uchidet Malachite Room dzomutambo mitema mbiru uye hombe konzati horo. Uyewo ine unyanzvi maberere pamwe yakawanda mabasa yepakutanga.