Wemamongi St. Nicholas Berlyukovsky: nhoroondo uye mapikicha

Makumi mana nevaviri makiromita kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Moscow, pamahombekombe erwizi Vori yaiva Nicholas Berlyukovsky wemamongi, rakapona pamwe vakawanda dzemamongi inoyera Russia uye nguva kubudirira, uye makore hanya. dambudziko rake kunyatsoyeuka kunooneka kutsamwa uye tsitsi vaya simba. Uye nhasi, apo vanhu akatangazve kuziva pashure nemakumi emakore hakuna Musiki noupengo, iye zvakare anoda vanhu sezvinoita muchengeti avo rwamadzitateguru pakunamata.

mamongi vokutanga Mbavha River

Vezvenhau vari pfungwa kuti Nicholas Berlyukovsky wemamongi anobva kubva mumapako akachera pano mamongi vokutanga, uyo akauya pano ari XII-XIII emakore. Pasinei chokwadi kuti munyika Russian peschernozhitelstvo, nokuda okunze, rakapiwa duku chete denderedzwa zvikuru zamu vanozvinyima, yemamongi mienzaniso iri upenyu zvinogona kuonekwa munhoroondo yedu.

It Vakawana kuti munguva yekare, chiKristu chisati chavapo zvakawanda pamahombekombe erwizi kuti Warri tembere yechihedheni, uye mamongi pakati wemamongi wokutanga, vakagara munzvimbo idzi, kuvakwa panzvimbo kwematemberi maviri zvifananidzo vakaurawa navo - muzita St. John mubhabhatidzi uye St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Mirlikiyskogo. Panyaya iyi, involuntarily anouya tifunge nhoroondo mujinga Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, apo dzimba dzokutanga dzakanga kuvakwa panzvimbo mvura asunungurwa kupinda Dnieper zvifananidzo.

Ieromonah-zvinopiswa pasi

Nzvimbo akasarudzwa pakutanga navatorwa, akanga asiri kure nomusha Berlin (mumakore hunotevedzana Avdotyino), saka ivo akavamba wemamongi pakutanga rainzi St. Nicholas Berlin mugwenga. nyaya yake anowana kushingaira kukura pashure chitarisiko munzvimbo idzi Hieromonk Varlaam akauya muno mukutanga XVII remakore, apo nyika Russian yakanga yapararira nomoto Nguva Troubles. Asati ava Stromynsky ugere kubvuma wemamonk, iri pedyo nomusha Fryanovo, asi Poles akaparadza vakaapisa 1603.

Zvinofadza kuona kuti akanga pashure chitarisiko chake munhoroondo zvinyorwa yaitonga wemamongi anotanga kunzi St. Nicholas Berlyukovsky wemamonk. On Nezvekwakabva zita vatsvakurudzi hapana chaicho pfungwa. Vanhu uyewo runyerekupe inobatanidza pamwe muzita Vakaronda munharaunda ino uye ipapo mbavha apfidza musi Berlyuk remadunhu-, zvinoreva "mhumhi", kana kungoti "chikara."

Anoita muzvinambiri iri hwaro chaihwo - hazvizivikanwi, kunyanya sezvo aimbova vanoti hwaro wemamongi miscreants vapfidza akapinda zvavo tsika. Muenzaniso yakakurumbira Optina, uyewo zvichipomerwa yakavakirwa Optoy gororo.

Kutanga yemamongi obschinnozhitiya

About sei vakatanga yemamongi basa rake pamhenderekedzo Vori baba Varlaam, nokuchengetedza mashoko Chidimbu chete, izvo akatibudisa magwaro ari yaitonga. Zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti ichangopera anozviramba rakacherwa anozviita muchitokisi yevhu, uye vakagara mairi, akazvipa kuti munamato nekutsanya, vakatanga kuuya kwaari vamwe mamongi kubva akaparadzwa dzemamongi, uye pamwe chete navo uye kuisa vanhu, uyo aida kutsaurira upenyu hwake kuna pakushumira Mwari. Zvishoma nezvishoma uwandu vagere murenje vakatanga kuwedzera.

Zvinonzi aizivikanwawo kuti rimwe zuva baba Barlaam vaiva vaviri seane uchenjeri vakadzi kare - Amai Yakakwirira Evdokia, uyo akatungamirira Mubhabhatidzi akanga asiri kure kubvuma wemamonk, uye wehomwe yayo Juliana. Vakauya chipo yokugara yekare mufananidzo St. Nicholas.

Nokuti ichi mufananidzo dzvene mukuru Barlaam navanun'una akaisa womuti chapero of vakatema hunde dzacho Munotatamura kumativi nemipaini dondo. nokukurumidza pakuonekwa yomukatikati vakadzidza vagere mumisha yakapoteredza uye akatanga kuuya vazhinji Nikolo-Berlyukovsky wemamongi. Nokukurumidza, kuburikidza neminyengetero pamberi mufananidzo akatanga kuita zvishamiso, uye kutambura vakawanda vakaporeswa.

ibwe chivakwa The rokutanga wemamongi

Sezvo nhamba vechinamato kukotamira inoshamisa kuvake mirayiridzo kuteerera mukuru Varlaama, kwakapfumisa uye dzakaonda kusvikira Collegiate papfuma. Makore anoverengeka akapfuura, uye mari yezvipo akatendeka uye mipiro yose boyars aishanyira wemamongi pamusoro nzvimbo yaimbova chapero rakadzikwa chechi ibwe, vagadzwe nezita St. Nicholas.

Muna 1710, sezvo wemamongi (St. Nicholas Berlyukovsky) haana aiva mukuru chinzvimbo nemijenya pakati diocesan utungamiri, chechi akagamuchira mamiriro yemamongi muMoscow Chudov wemamongi, uye kushumira mairi, uyewo mukuru kuvandudzika guru yemibairo mamongi akawanda rinotungamirirwa abbot Pohomiem. Uyu waiva zvinokosha danho kurutivi kuziva Moscow Patriarchate wemamongi.

Yemadzitateguru chirevo pamusoro pakagadzwa wemamongi idzva vakauya makore manomwe gare gare, uye pamutemo chinzvimbo, mugwenga rakabviswa wenharaunda yaitongwa ari Chudov wemamonk. History akachengetedza zita rokutanga abbot pakati wemamongi, akanga vasaroora mupristi Diodorus, uyo akapa basa raMwari yaakaronzeswa mukati mamasvingo wemamongi makumi maviri apfuura.

The abbot dissident

Muna 1731 akanga Anotsiviwa Josiah mumongi, uyo aifarira mukurumbira mukuru pakati vamachinda Mariya Feodosia - chizvarwa hanzvadzi wemufi pakazotanga Emperor Peter I. The njodzi iyi mwanakomana echechi yeRussian Orthodox akatendeka kwakanga kuchirwadza. Aiva noushingi kutaura pamusoro mitemo yacho mutongo kwemakore nevaya Empress Anny Ioannovny.

Sezvaunoziva, gumi kwake ushe inozivikanwa nokuda kutonga avatorwa muhurumende masangano ose uye mukuru wezwi iri aifarira-Western mitemo. Kuva Patriot weRussia, Josia baba vake havana kuzeza pachena anoshorwa uye Empress akazvifukidza, anotyora National zvavanofarira, uye ayo vakuru vakuru vane uori. Nokuti kuparadzana ake akatumwa kuutapwa zvachose muna Kamchatka, kwaakanga nokukurumidza akafa, asingakwanisi kukunda yayo zvikuru ekunze.

zviremera yemamongi

The kunyadziswa akauya, uye mamongi zhinji, maererano yakagamuchirwa kuhofisi okushora Secret, "vakateerera zvakanaka" kune abbot ake. Zvisinei, pachinhu hama mutongo haana kuoma, uye zviremera achingopiwa pachavo kuti vadzingwe mumwe ndokugarapo. Zvisinei, kubvira ipapo wemamongi (St. Nicholas Berlyukovsky) Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kusviba. MuRussia, Panyanzvi simba yagara kukosha pesangano, Chokwadi, kuti chokugara, ruri mumatope okunamata enyika aimukira, asingagoni kuverenga nokutsigirwa Mutsvene Revafundisi.

The abolition pakati wemamongi rokutanga

Nzvimbo cloister yachinja nani inotevera ushe. Uyezve, muna 1770, apo Ekaterina II, waya, sezvo chikazozikamwa, ari zvenyika enyika, kuti ari arumurwa nyika chechi, wemamongi St. Nicholas Berlyukovsky haana yakaguma, uye mundima yayo Nicholas chechi akagamuchira mamiriro chechi yeko.

Chete pashure pemakore mapfumbamwe, Vongai vakawanda minyengetero vagari vemo uye nhengo vafundisi, kubudikidza chirevo Moscow Theological dare rechechi raitonga Monastery (Nicholas Berlyukovsky) vazokuvimbazve kodzero dzavo. Zvisinei, aimbova vakasununguka-achifunga mukoma wake akanga asiri pasina - wemamongi akagamuchira mamiriro renje wepurovhinzi, kuti anobviswa nokuda Ecclesiastical zviremera rutsigiro chero zvokunyama uye vanofanira kunge zvaiitikawo kungotaurwa kubva yayo zvinhu. Mugore iroro, zvakadai hakukoshi dzemamongi of Moscow diocese, paiva masere.

Pasi auspices of Metropolitan Platon

Rector of ukavandudzwa wemamongi akagadzwa Joasaph mumongi - munhu kwete chete zvechitendero zvikuru, asi anewo kunoshamisa zveupfumi uye mabhizimisi acumen. Akakwanisa tiwane kuvimba hunonyanya mutungamiri chechi panguva Metropolitan Platon (Levshin), vakanakidzwa simba guru mudare, uye, kuonga kwake rutsigiro, kuti vawane chikomborero uye, pazvese, mari kuti pavakwe kereke itsva yakatsaurirwa Mutsvene Utatu. Kana kuvaka rakapera, Metropolitan Platon pachake akagadza naye, uye ini, akaita rakakura mabhuku minamato, uye nemidziyo siyana.

Age yezviri kuvakwa wemamongi

Pakafa Abbot Ioasafa, muna 1794, wemamongi akaramba achiwedzera. Mumazana XIX remakore mundima yayo akavaka nezvivakwa siyana ave minamato uye zvoupfumi chinangwa. Muna 1835 zvakaitika mutemberi Kristu Muponesi vakaisa, uyo akazova mapurani muzinda yemamongi kunzwisisa.

Mukuwedzera, chinonyanya chinozikamwa zvivako zvakavakwa muna 1840. Gate ibwe chechi vachikudza Vasiliya Velikogo uye yakavakwa 1851, bhero neshongwe, izvo akarerwa bhero yairema pamusoro chiuru makirogiramu. Uyezve, makore maviri gare gare hama akaita yakatarwa okugadza idzva ibwe chechi, yakavakwa pamusoro mipiro yose mushambadzi FF Nabilkina.

Unique yemamongi bhero shongwe

Mugumo XIX remakore aizivikanwa kuvakwa kupfuura chikuru chokuvaka, rwakazokura vadamwa yose Russia Nicholas Berlyukovskaya mumarenje. Wemamongi akakwanisa kuwana nzira uye mikana pakuvaka rimwe soro mu zvitare Russian. Chivako ichi, chakagadzirirwa neDare Moscow mapurani Aleksandra Stepanovicha Kaminskogo, akasiyana uye somunhu mapurani chiyeuchidzo akashinga ouinjiniya chirongwa.

Her kukwirira riri mamita masere navasere, uye pamusoro payo yakanga zvikamu nokuda pamuchinjikwa, akakanda tenzi Shuvalov yakagadzirwa dzvuku mhangura uye vesivshim makirogiramu anopfuura matanhatu. kuvaka All yakaitwa pamusoro zvokuzvidira uye mumaguta vatengesi Samoilova Lyapino hama.

The abolishment of wemamonk rechipiri

Muna 1920, Anti-vezvitendero rutsigiro ashandiswe nezviremera itsva, yasvika Avdotyino. Nicholas Berlyukovsky wemamongi rakavharwa, vakawanda zvivako zvayo dzave kushandiswa siyana imba zvinodiwa, uye kukava muchechi huru iri yeko. Pashure gore, kuwedzere kuna Mwari basa, zviremera wakarambidza midungwe echitendero, uye muna 1922 rakabudisa kutorerwa zvinokosha.

Requisitioned midziyo yose nesirivha, kusanganisira midziyo, mari kwemifananidzo uye mabhuku minamato, uyewo pectoral uye atari michinjikwa. nguva Last dzidziso yaMwari mukereke rakapera muna February 1930. All mberi kumwedzi, kusvikira mangwanani nineties, wemamongi zvivako zvaishandiswa evasingatombonamati zvokutengeserana zvinangwa.

The kumutsidzirwa wemamongi

Kutanga kumutsidzirwa wemamongi dzinofanira kuonekwa sezvo Mumatsutso 1992, apo rechitendero rakavambwa uye vakanyorwa Kristu Muponesi Cathedral. Zvisinei, basa kudzorerwa mairi akatora rebei, uye wokutanga yokunamata yaipembererwa chete muna 2004. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kutanga zvitsva wenhoroondo nguva yakauya Nikolo Berlyukovsky wemamonk. Purogiramu Divine Services, akazviratidza pamukova ake pashure yakareba yokumbozorora, raiva chiratidzo chokuuya kuvandudzwa zvomudzimu pakutanga. Ipapo kereke bhero shongwe uye chikamu nharaunda wemamongi vave pamutemo mumaoko paungano yakanga ichangobva kuumbwa.

Danho rinokosha riri kumutsidzirwa wemamongi kwaiva chisarudzo Dzvene Revafundisi, akavagamuchira panguva January 2006 musangano. Maererano nechirevo chake, kereke, izvo vakavhura zvikurukuru sezvo yeko, achangotendeuka kuti Nicholas Berlyukovsky wemamongi. Photos wemamonk akadzokera vatendi pashure kwenyadzi makore makumi matanhatu, dzinoturwa munyaya. Vanotaura pachavo.

Basa zvakatanga panguva wemamongi

Mberi kuva basa kwenguva refu pamusoro pokudzorerwa zvose zvakadaro utsinye kuparadzwa, uye vakatotanga. Nokukurumidza pashure kupa pamutemo chinzvimbo kuti wemamongi panguva pamusoro bhero shongwe akarerwa pyatnadtsatimetrovaya cupola, zvikamu ne muchinjikwa gilded. Zvakare chakapenya pamusoro wemamongi chiratidzo chibayiro rokudzikinura chaKristu.

Muna 2011, wemamongi hama akatanga rakasiyana chirongwa - ". Romanov Walk Vakakurumbira" pakusikwa Maererano nevanyori, ichi inofanira kuiswa Zvivako kuti vamiririri youmambo yaitonga Russia kwemakore mazana matatu. Nhasi, ari chirangaridzo ichi, akasikwa ari mutero kuyeuka Romanovs, Akamisa shongwe mana okutanga.

The rakadzorerwa zvakazara uye chechi mabasa, kukwezvwa mumakore apfuura, ezviuru muSt Nicholas wemamonk Berlyukovsky. Purogiramu Kristu Muponesi yechechi vari broadly kunoenderana purogiramu akasimbisa kuti vakawanda temberi. On mevhiki polunochnitsa, matins uye maawa kutanga 6:00 am, Divine yokunamata - 8:00, Vespers - pa 17:30. Panguva dzemazororo, purogiramu angachinja, asi inogona kuwanika wemamongi Website.

St. Nicholas Monastery Berlyukovsky - sei naye?

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vavaki uye restorers pakati wemamongi yakawanda basa richiri, atova zvinogoneka kuona kuchikosha nhamba vechinamato kuuya pano kwete chete kubva Moscow namaguta pedyo, asiwo vose pamusoro nyika. Tinozivisa vanoda kushanyira wemamongi St. Nicholas Berlyukovsky, kero: Moscow Region, Noginsk District, Avdotyino .. Unogona kusvika nayo № bhazi 321 kubva kuchiteshi "Shchelkovskaya" kurega mberi. Avdotyino. Nerumwe Yaroslavsky chitima kubva yemapurisa yemapurisa Chkalovskaya, uye mberi chete bhazi № 321.